Digital Commons Network^™

The Role Of Expert Systems In Enhancing Organizational Performance In Hotel Organizations A Descriptive–Analytical Study Of The Opinions Of A Sample Of Managers And Employees In First-Class Hotels In Erbil Governorate, Dr. Hassan Odah Ghdaab

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

The study aimed to identify the role of expert systems as an independent variable with its dimensions (hardware, software, knowledge engineer) in enhancing organizational performance as a dependent variable. The research problem emerged through the need to determine the role of expert systems in improving organizational performance if adopted by managers and employees in the surveyed hotel organizations. A hypothetical model was presented to test the main and sub-hypotheses and to answer the research questions. The study focused on five-star hotels, with the research population consisting of managers and employees in hotel organizations in Erbil Governorate, specifically: (Erbil Quartz Hotel, …

Choices, Challenges, And Considerations: Exploring College Application Experiences Of De La Salle University Manila Senior High School Students To The Big Four Universities, Samantha Elise F. Bago, Argie Joseph F. Geronimo, Zenaida Victoria Alejandra M. Ilao, Kimberly Cassandra G. Jose, April Rose C. Gonzales

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Most Filipino students strive to secure successful applications to universities such as the University of the Philippines (UP), Ateneo de Manila University (ADMU), De La Salle University (DLSU), and the University of Santo Tomas (UST). Known as the Big Four Universities, they are recognized for their high rankings, strong academic programs, scholarship opportunities, campus resources, strategic locations, alumni networks, and overall prestige. However, applying to these institutions is not without challenges, especially as senior high school (SHS) students balance their academic demands with application requirements. These narratives are often overlooked, overshadowed by the success or failure of the applications. Thus, …

Bio-Papcz: Corn Starch-Based Composite Bioplastic Reinforced With Pineapple Leaf Fiber (Palf), Zinc Oxide (Zno), And Polyvinyl Alcohol (Pva), Marvin C. Caya, Shervin Austin C. Huang, Jovar Khalel J. Maghari, Ruel M. Levida

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Plastic pollution poses a serious global threat, as petroleum-based plastics persist for centuries, and their surging production of over 450 million tons overwhelms ecosystems (Ritchie et al., 2023). Using a quantitative experimental research design, the study examined the effects of varying concentrations of cornstarch-based bioplastic reinforced with pineapple leaf fiber (PALF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and zinc oxide (ZnO) on the bioplastic’s tensile strength and soil degradability. Sample C2 (ZnO 3.0 %w/w; PVA 9.0 %w/w) demonstrated the optimal tensile properties with a tensile strength of 0.76 MPa and an elongation at break of 6.40%, which was attributed to the addition of …

Effects Of Foam Type And Thickness On Impact Resistance, Thermal Insulation, And Cost-Effectiveness Of Medical Containers For Drone Delivery, Josh Henry C. Soriano, Eriel V. Fonte, Lambertsus S. Novera, Nicolai Paolo B. Villarin, Joel B. Jalon, Jr.

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Accessible healthcare remains a challenge for rural communities lacking reliable infrastructure for medical supply delivery. Delivery drones have recently emerged as a viable alternative, dropping medical containers during flight. However, the effectiveness of different foam types and thicknesses combined with corrugated cardboard as shock-absorbing materials in a medical container for delivery drones has yet to be tested. Thus, this study designed cost-effective containers using corrugated cardboard and multiple foam types and thicknesses, aiming to preserve the integrity of the contents, withstand impact, and control temperatures. Four foam types—polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) —were tested at 1 cm, 2 …

Comparing Individual Vs Mixed Treatments Of Chicken Bone Meal And Crab Shell Meal On The Growth Of Capsicum Annuum (Bell Pepper), Allthur Rudy R. Arroyo, John Rafael V. Capinia, Ethan Jude R. Reyes, Elnathan Jethro B. Sumalbag, Karl Benedict E. Viri, John Ray Cordova Estrellado, Kerry P. Cabral

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

The recycling of nutrient-rich food waste reduces reliance on synthetic fertilizers, enhances soil quality, and improves plant growth. Existing studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of food waste, such as bone meal (B) and crab shell meal (S), as fertilizers; however, their combined use has not been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying proportions of B and S fertilizers on the growth of Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) employing a random complete block design with 10 treatments (pure B, pure S, and a 50:50 BS mix, each at 7 g, 14 g, and 21 g) plus a control …

Exploring The Metric Dimension Of The Graph Representing A Four-Ring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon: Interstellar 1-Cyanopyrene, Andrei Matthew V. Robino, Sebastian Alex C. Traviña, Karl Benedict P. Narag, Mark Anthony B. Casao, Helix Raven C. Llanes, Azriel C. Alejo, Jonel C. Celamor

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

A graph's metric dimension is a parameter that denotes the minimum possible number of vertices in a subset that gives each vertex in the graph a unique representation. Despite extensive research on the metric dimension of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), there is currently no focused analysis on the metric basis and metric dimension of 1-cyanopyrene. In chemistry, graphs can be used to depict molecular structures. In this study, graph theory, specifically the concept of metric dimensions, is applied to the molecular structure of 1-cyanopyrene, which was detected in space for the first time in 2024. 1-cyanopyrene is a molecule made …

Experiences Of Bukidnon Farmers On The Use Of Carbonized Rice Hulls (Crh) Waste From Biomass Boilers As A Soil Conditioner, Dash Constantine S. Chamen, Queen Loraine D. Ban, Michael Justin O. Eluna, Pole Honson B. Gabitano, Ian Jay P. Saldo, Jhovel Roy D. Calo

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

The long-term use of agricultural products that adversely affect soil is a significant issue for farmers. This study explored the potential of carbonized rice hulls (CRH) waste from biomass boilers as a sustainable soil conditioner. The research investigated the specific soil conditioning properties of CRH and explored the lived experiences of nine (9) Bukidnon farmers to correlate their observations with the material’s chemical profile. The composition analysis identified a high silica content and essential micronutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, which act as nutrient restorers and pH regulators. The thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, four themes emerged to summarize the …

An Arabic Version Of The Intuitive Eating Scale-2: Translation And Validation Among The Saudi Population, Eram Albajri, Manal Naseeb

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Eating is a complex behavior in humans, shaped by an interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Tools like the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) offer valuable insights into eating behaviors, but their effectiveness depends on cultural and linguistic adaptability.Objective: In this study, we translated the IES-2 into Arabic and validated its psychometric properties among a large Arabic-speaking sample in Saudi Arabia.Methods: The IES-2 was translated using the forward-backward translation approach. The final translated version was distributed online to a convenient sample of the Saudi population. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the construct validity of the …

Knowledge And Attitude On Analgesic Use Among Female Students At King Abdulaziz University In Rabigh, Saudi Arabia, Abdulrahman Abudawood, Iman Wahby, Haneen Aseeri, Jamila Bukhari, Rawan Almutairi, Ghadi Alsharif, Futoon Almutairi, Tawfik M. Ghabrah, Jamil A. Samkari

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Self-medication, specifically with analgesics such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is prevalent among university students. This behavior can potentially lead to health risks, including hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal complications. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding analgesic use among female students at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022, involving 371 participants. The questionnaire collected socio-demographic information, knowledge about analgesic side effects, attitudes toward their use, and practices during examination periods.

Results: Most students (65.4%) showed a moderate understanding of analgesics, with medical and nursing students …

Lead Bioremoval By Halotolerant Bacteria Isolated From Mangrove Rhizosphere Soils Of Saudi Arabia, Reda H. Amasha, Rawan A. Alhazzani

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science

Bioremediation of hypersaline environments contaminated with heavy metals is challenging due to high salinity levels, particularly when using conventional microorganisms. This study aimed to isolate and identify halotolerant and halophilic bacteria from various mangrove rhizosphere soil samples in Saudi Arabia and to evaluate their ability to remove heavy metals under high-salinity conditions. Out of 27 isolated strains, LD57 and LR40 demonstrated the highest resistance to lead ions. Both isolates grew well at 37 °C in the presence of 3 M NaCl and recorded growth at varying concentrations of lead nitrate, ranging from 100 to 4500 ppm. The lead’s minimum inhibitory …

A Systematic Literature Review Of Sustainable Ports Strategies And Initiatives In The Arabian Gulf Ports – Lessons For Saudi Arabia And Uae, Osayd Helal, Jane Haider, Jean-Paul Skeete, Sehwa Lim

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science

This systematic review provides a comprehensive evaluation of sustainability strategies in Arabian Gulf ports, focusing on the interplay between technological advancements, green initiatives, and regulatory challenges. While Industry 4.0 technologies—such as automation, artificial intelligence, and electrification—have been integrated to enhance operational efficiency and reduce carbon emissions, the extent to which these innovations align with regional policy frameworks and geopolitical constraints remains insufficiently analysed.

To address this gap, this review synthesises insights from 25 peer-reviewed studies, employing a comparative framework to assess the adoption of sustainability practices in Arabian Gulf ports, focusing on their approaches toward sustainable port development. It is …

New Fish-Based Multimetric Index For Appraising Shatt Al-Arab Ecological Quality, Laith Faisal Lazem

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science

In recent years, there has been a growing need to develop biometric indicators that accurately reflect an area’s environmental quality and biological integrity. Various indicators have been developed and analyzed, focusing on functional, ecological, and organism-based indicators, particularly fish-related ones. The purpose of the current paper is to create the first fish-based multimetric index designed to evaluate the quality of water in the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAAR), known as Shatt Al-Arab Fish Index (SFI), which can also be applied to the Qarmat Ali River and other water bodies similar to the SAAR ecology. Data was collected from three stations along …

Trajectory Prediction Of Oil Spills In Sharm Obhur, Red Sea Using Hydrodynamic Modeling, Mohammed A. Bahattab, Gar Al-Nabi Ibrahim, V.R. Shamji

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science

This research investigates the movement and impact of oil spills in Sharm Obhur, a coastal creek near Jeddah, in the Red Sea. Utilizing a high-resolution multi-beam echo sounder and the Delft3D-FLOW hydrodynamic simulation model, the study traces the oil spill trajectories, considering key factors such as meteorological conditions, spill volume, and oil properties. The model predicts the movement of the oil spill both within Sharm Obhur and its progression towards the Red Sea. Results from the model are intended to assist in the development of effective spill response strategies, improving navigation safety, protecting coral reefs, and preserving the local ecosystem. …

Morphometric, Physiological, And Environmental Health Assessments Of Enhalus Acoroides From The Southeast Coast Of Bali, Indonesia, Made Pharmawati, Luh Putu Wrasiati, Ni Made Gari

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science

Seagrasses function as primary producers and as spawning grounds and shelter for marine biota. Regardless of their relevance, seagrasses are under threat due to anthropogenic impacts and an increasing frequency of extreme climate events. Enhalus acoroides is a species of seagrass that is spread in the east and southeast waters of Bali, from Sanur Beach to Nusa Dua Beach. This study aims to analyze the differences in morphometry and the chlorophyll, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a marker for oxidative stress in E. acoroides leaves at Pengastian Beach, Semawang Beach, and Samuh Beach, Bali. Samples were collected using line transect …

Latent And Sensible Heat Flux In The Red Sea And Gulf Of Aden Using The Nemo Ocean Model Simulation, Moaath Ghanem, Yassir Albouraee, Mohammed A. Alsaafani, Alaa Albarakati

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science

The new configuration of NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) model in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden was presented for analyzing latent heat flux (LHF) and sensible heat flux (SHF) patterns in the region. The model was setup with 1/20° horizontal resolution and 30 vertical layers, using ERA5 atmospheric data for surface forcing. The model output for LHF, and SHF was compared with KAUST-Buoy observations and many reanalysis products (the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER) surface turbulence fluxes, Japanese Ocean Flux Data Sets with Use of Remote Sensing Observations (J-OFURO3), Objectively Analyzed …

Optimizing Kappaphycus Alvarezii Seedlings: Acclimatization And Cultivation Methods For Sustainable Seaweed Seed In Lombok Kodek Bay, Dasep Hasbullah, Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi, Gagan Garnawansah, Zaenal Arifin Siregar, Wahyu Purbiantoro, Moh. Awaludin Adam, Idham Sumarto Pratama, Nurhalis Tarmin, Balkam F. Badi, Abdul Wahab, Raismin Kotta

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science

This study explores the combined[-10pc]AU: Please specify the corresponding author name. effects of cultivation methods and acclimatization durations on the growth performance of Kappaphycus alvarezii, a tropical seaweed widely utilized in biostimulants and bioplastics. Cultivation methods included monoculture of Spinosum (SNP), monoculture of Cottonii (DNP), and polyculture of Spinosum and Cottonii (PSP), while acclimatization treatments involved durations of 0, 2, and 4 days before planting (DBA). Results demonstrated that the SNP system achieved the highest productivity, with maximum weight (142.8 g) and relative growth rate (RGR) of 3.21% per day observed under 0 DBA. The 2 DBA treatment was …

Third Place And Nostalgia In Postcolonial Jakarta: Adaptive Reuse Of Cikini Post Office, Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati, Mochamad Aviandy

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

The transformation of space in postcolonial cities extends beyond the restoration of old buildings; it involves cultural practices that reshape collective memory and identity. Through adaptive reuse, colonial-era heritage spaces are revitalised as social hubs. This study examines Post Kantoor cafe, a former colonial post office turned into a “third place” within urban spatial culture. Using qualitative methods—visual observation, spatial documentation, and a literature review—the study finds that nostalgic aesthetics, evident in antique artefacts, colonial atmospheres, and curated visuals, foster emotional connections across generations and social classes. More than a site of consumption, the cafe becomes a space for dialogue, …

Challenges In Implementing Artificial Intelligence In Academic Libraries In Oman: The Case Of University Libraries, Asma Abdullah Alabbadi, Jamal Matar Al-Salmi, Sallam Osman Fageeri, Nour Eldin Mohamed Elshaiekh

Journal of Arts and Social Sciences

This research explores the challenges encountered by Omani academic libraries in adopting and using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Through qualitative research that included interviews with decision-makers and technical staff, the research identified four main categories of challenges: financial, human, administrative, and technical/security. The findings revealed that high costs, limited budgets, inadequate training, resistance to change, and weak infrastructure were among the key obstacles, with most libraries relying on basic AI functionalities while advanced applications remain largely underutilized. Despite these challenges, the research uncovered a willingness among institutions to adopt AI, supported by efforts such as organizing workshops, employing cost-effective tools, …

Navigating The Role Of Ai In Research In The Global South: A Collective Autoethnography From Researchers In The Philippines, Iraq, And Malaysia, Louie Giray, Ahmed Alkhaqani, Nurliana Kamaruddin

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper investigates the transformative impact and ethical dilemmas of integrating artificial intelligence into the workflows of researchers from the Global South, specifically the Philippines, Iraq, and Malaysia. Through collective autoethnography, the authors analyze how AI tools function as both equalizers and disruptors in resource-constrained academic environments. The findings reveal that AI significantly enhances productivity by dismantling language barriers for non-native English speakers, streamlining literature searches, and democratizing access to global scholarship. However, these benefits are accompanied by profound challenges, including the risk of over-reliance, the proliferation of AI hallucinations, and the potential erosion of critical thinking skills. The authors …

Ai Detection Tools: A Systematic Review Of Empirical Evidence And Their Implications For Education, Halime Nuran Caner

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence has significantly transformed academic writing practices, prompting institutions to implement tools designed to verify authorship and uphold academic integrity. Artificial intelligence detection systems have emerged as a prominent, albeit increasingly debated response to these challenges. This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence to assess the reliability, fairness, and pedagogical implications of artificial intelligence text-detection tools in educational settings. Adhering to PRISMA 2020 standards, this review identified twenty-five peer-reviewed empirical studies, 18 of which were conducted directly within educational settings. This review synthesizes empirical studies published between 2022 and 2025, encompassing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods …

Uji Kelayakan Teknis Dan Performa Auvest: Rompi Pendingin Otomatis Berbasis Wearable Thermoelectric Cooler Untuk Mitigasi Risiko Heat Stress, Muchammad Adam Wildan, Amelia Avril Rayhana, Nadia Hanifan Nabila, Bian Shabri Putri Irwanto

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Heat stress is a serious threat to construction workers that can reduce productivity and even threaten lives. Existing cooling vest innovations still have limitations, such as weight, manual systems, and the risk of leakage. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Automatic Vest (AUVEST), an automatic cooling vest based on Wearable Thermoelectric Cooler and the Internet of Things (IoT), in preventing the risk of heat stress. The method used is experimental with trials on one construction worker in indoor and outdoor environments. AUVEST is equipped with temperature sensors (DS18B20, TMP102) and humidity (DHT11), whose data is processed by …

The Original E-Discovery: Civil Justice Reform And A Return To The Equitable Origins Of Discovery, Patricia I. Mcmahon

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

In the autumn of 2023, the Chief Justice and Attorney General of Ontario announced a broad new effort to review the rules of civil procedure to make civil dispute resolution more efficient and less expensive to enhance access to justice in the province. However, such efforts to reform the rules of civil procedure are nothing new.

This article examines the historical and contemporary aspects of civil justice reform in Ontario, focusing on the pre-trial discovery process. Among the most expensive aspects of the civil litigation process, discovery began as an equitable tool, with roots in the English Court of Chancery. …

Ethnic Diversity In Uk Bioscience: Structural Biases And Recommendations For Action, Yusra Siddiqui, Prachi Stafford, Emmanuel Adukwu, Nicholas Freestone, Tina Lovleen Joshi, Emma Yhnell, Katharine Hubbard

Peninsula Dental School

Scientific research is more innovative and impactful when scientists are drawn from diverse backgrounds. However, the scientific community does not reflect the demographics of wider society. Global Majority communities remain underrepresented within science, particularly within senior leadership roles. Here we explore ethnic diversity within UK academic biosciences, using publicly available staff and student demographic data from the UK Higher Education Statistics Authority. We use the Simpson index as a quantitative measure of diversity within the biosciences and construct linear mixed effect models to identify significant predictors of both student and staff ethnic diversity. For staff, there were significant negative effects …

Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Kahoot Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Ips Di Smp, Fara Wahyu Aziza, Galuh Raka Prana, Hanifa Nur Fadhilah, Indah Nor Janah, Maria Rut Ningsi Arakian, Ni Gusti Nyoman Desianti, Syamsul Bachri, Ria Nuzul Fahrudin

Journal of Innovation and Teacher Professionalism

One of the main challenges in junior high school Social Studies is low student motivation. Many students perceive the subject as heavily based on memorization, making it feel monotonous and less engaging. To address this problem, the study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Kahoot! as an instructional medium for increasing student motivation in Social Studies at SMP Negeri 13 Malang. A qualitative descriptive approach was used with Grade IX students as participants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation and analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings showed that …

Re: Conditional Approval For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Revised Unreclaimed Sites Ur-08 (Anderson Shaft) – Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp) (Dated October 24, 2025), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Revised Draft Final 2022 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 32 – Corra 2 Dump Site Evaluation Summary Report (Dated October 24, 2025), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Revised Draft Final 2022 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 30 – Atlantic-1 Site Evaluation Summary Report (Dated October 24, 2025), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Donation Collection Method: Nudging To Minimize Cost Aversion, T. Ezni Balqiah, Dianti E. Kusumawardhani

ASEAN Marketing Journal

Manuscript type: Research Article

Research Aims: to analyze the effect of donation collection method (allocation vs addition) and the level of materialism on attitude, total donation amount, program donation amount, and cost donation amount.

Design/methodology/approach: This study used a between-subjects design with randomization. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to participants 18 years old and above, who are Indonesian citizens, resulting in 208 participants (102 participants in the Addition condition and 106 participants in the Allocation condition), and analyzed by ANCOVA.

Research Findings: the result demonstrated only four hypotheses are supported that the significant role of …

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Revised Draft Final 2022 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 38 – Sister Dump Site Evaluation Summary Report (Dated September 30, 2025), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Revised Draft Final 2022 Unreclaimed Sites Sampling: Ur-20 Site Evaluation Summary Report (Dated October 24, 2025), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.