Digital Commons Network^™

Constrained Reinforcement Learning: From Single-Agent Safety To Multi-Agent Coordination, Hao Jiang

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Real-world decision-making systems such as autonomous driving and largescale ride-pooling must operate under strict safety and resource constraints. Traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, while powerful in simulation, often fail to guarantee such constraints, limiting their real-world deployment. The fundamental challenge lies in integrating constraint satisfaction with long-term reward optimization, especially when outcomes are stochastic and interdependent across multiple agents.

This dissertation advances the field of Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) from both single-agent safety and multi-agent coordination perspectives. In the single-agent setting, we introduce a Reward Penalty framework that augments the state space with cumulative cost and penalizes only trajectories that …

Improving Pid Control With Bayesian Optimization For Adversarially Robust Federated Learning, Adrian Pena, Sergei Chuprov, Raman Zatsarenko, Leon Reznik

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Federated Learning (FL) often suffers from unstable convergence and reduced robustness under non-IID data and malicious attacks. In this paper, we present FedPIDAvg_tuned, a control-theoretic aggregation framework for improving stability and adversarial robustness in FL. In particular, our approach combines a server-side Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller with Bayesian optimization to tune controller gains for different data and attack conditions. The PID controller regulates global model updates through feedback on loss dynamics, providing adaptive scaling that improves stability and convergence. The tuned gains are applied within a trust-weighted trimmed-mean mechanism to remove adversarial or outlier updates. Using the Flower framework, we evaluate …

Redefining Educational Technology: A Critical Collaborative Inquiry, Aras Bozkurt, Helen Crompton, Robert Farrow, Agnes Kukulska-Hulme, Jon Dron, Richard West, Agnieszka (Aga) Palalas, Matth Bower, Junhong Xiao, Ahmed Tlili, Danah Henriksen, Angelica Pazurek, Henk Huijser, Thomas K. F. Chiu, Petar Jandrić, Katy Jordan, John Curry, Royce Kimmons, Mutlu Cukurova, Thomas Reeves, Gwo-Jen Hwang, Peter Shea, Jason Lodge, Martin Weller, Davy Ng, Tutaleni Iita Asino

STEMPS Faculty Publications

Educational technologists have not settled on a fixed definition of the field and likely never will. However, attempting to define the field helps to understand the epistemological meanings that shape what the field sees, values, and considers worth pursuing. Through a critical historical review spanning over a century, alongside theoretical engagement with the concepts of entanglement and distributed agency, this paper identifies three key insufficiencies in current educational technology frameworks. These are the persistence of an instrumental-facilitative paradigm that treats technology as a resource deployed by human agents; the theoretical dissolution of the pedagogy-technology dichotomy that existing definitions have not …

Modeling Sealed Deck Construction In Collectible Card Games Using Learning-To-Rank Approach, Michael Dinh Nguyen

Master's Projects

Artificial intelligence has demonstrated strong performance in complex decision-making domains such as chess and Go, motivating research into its application for games with even richer rules and combinatorial complexity. In collectible card games like Magic: The Gathering, deck construction from a constrained card pool is a critical and challenging task that requires evaluating card strength, synergy, and resource balance. This project explores whether machine learning, specifically learning-to-rank (LTR), can effectively model these human decision processes to construct competitive decks in a sealed format. The results found here can also be applicable to other areas of note, such as sports drafting …

Rapid Urbanization Reduces Genetic Diversity And Increases Genetic Differentiation Of A Lynx Spider Oxyopes Sertatus In Central Taiwan, Ying-Yuan Lo, Chi Wei, Wan-Jyun Chen, Chung-Ping Lin

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Urbanization is a dominant force driving destructive and irreversible changes of natural habitats in modern times. While the effects of urbanization on community composition and phenotypic responses are well-documented, its influence on genetic diversity and population structure remains understudied, particularly for invertebrates in subtropical regions. This study tested the hypothesis that urbanization reduces genetic diversity and increases population differentiation in the lynx spider Oxyopes sertatus, a common foliage-dwelling spider in Taiwan. We sampled 245 individuals from 17 sites distributed along an urban-rural gradient and quantified urbanization intensity using land-use composition at both landscape (4 km²) and local (0.25 km²) …

Evaluating Species At Risk In Data-Limited Fisheries: A Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis For Marine Aquarium Fish, Gabrielle A. Baillargeon, Alice A. Wynn, Jemelyn Grace P. Baldisimo, Michael F. Tlusty, Andrew L. Rhyne

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The marine aquarium trade (MAT) is a significant global industry harvesting millions of wild-caught, live coral reef fishes for public and private aquaria markets in the United States and Europe annually, while supporting fisher livelihoods in the Indo-Pacific. This diverse and species-rich trade is considered data-limited, creating barriers to quantifying the current and future socio-ecological sustainability of the fishery. We present a revised and expanded productivity–susceptibility analysis (PSA) that serves as a holistic risk assessment to estimate the vulnerability of marine aquarium fish to overfishing. Our global analysis includes 306 species that are actively in trade. Improvements to the PSA …

Brilliance In The Margins: An Exploration Of The Lived Experience Of Black Women Faculty In Stem, Mykella C. Mitchell

West Chester University Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Final Projects

This qualitative research study explores the lives of Black women STEM faculty at Ivy and Ivy+ institutions. The existing literature reveals a distinct gap in research as it pertains to this demographic, due to the limited number of Black women who hold faculty positions and the limited research that centers their voices. This study intentionally centered the voices of Black women scholars using portraiture, which helped to avoid the creation of deficit‑based stories. Furthermore, this research was guided by the conceptual frameworks of whiteness as smartness and meritocracy. Portraits were created from the lives of six tenured and tenure‑track Black …

Legislating Equity: A Qualitative Policy Analysis Of Healthcare Access And Health Literacy In Medically Underserved Communities In New Jersey, Korlu Y. Howard

West Chester University Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Final Projects

Access to healthcare has always been a major policy challenge in the United States and contributes to ongoing disparities. Reform efforts have focused on expanding insurance coverage, yet less attention has been focused on whether the healthcare system is navigable. This study examines three New Jersey statutes using Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework and the Health Equity Framework. The purpose of this examination is to better understand how statutory language shapes healthcare access. The findings show that access is primarily structured through coverage requirements, procedural protections, and established legal rights. At the same time, these systems often involve added complexity, requiring …

Connecting Classroom Physics To Real-World Research: A Citizen Science Approach In Ap Physics 1, Heather M. Landgarten

West Chester University Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Final Projects

Advanced Placement (AP) Physics 1 emphasizes evidence-based reasoning, quantitative modeling, and scientific inquiry. However, secondary science instruction often remains focused on procedural problem solving and standardized assessment rather than authentic scientific practice. This study examined the integration of citizen science projects into an AP Physics 1 curriculum to provide students with authentic research experiences while reinforcing physics concepts during the post-AP examination instructional period.

Using a classroom-based mixed-methods pre–post design, students participated in citizen science activities through publicly available research platforms, including Zooniverse. Students collected and classified authentic scientific data, analyzed real-world datasets, developed research questions, compared observations with theoretical …

A Call To Action: Engaging With The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel On Chemicals, Waste And Pollution, Miriam L. Diamond, Gabriel Sigmund, Marlene Ågerstrand, Michael G. Bertram, Alex T. Ford, Rainer Lohmann, Andreas Schäffer, Maria Clara V.M. Starling, Anna Soehl, Noriyuki Suzuki, Penny Vlahos, Marta Venier, Martin Scheringer

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Global Inventory Of Fluoropolymer Production Plants And Their Associated Pfas Environmental Contamination, Anna J. Miller, Kevin Kleemann, Juliane Glüge, Rainer Lohmann, Ian T. Cousins, Dorte Herzke, Mark F. Miller, Amanda Rensmo, Xenia Trier, Zhanyun Wang, Martin Scheringer

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Fluoropolymers are widely used across sectors, but their production is associated with emissions of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which are mobile, persistent, and toxic. In this work, we compiled a global inventory of fluoropolymer production plants (FPPs) and assembled PFAS concentration measurements for various media in their vicinity. We identified 52 currently operating FPPs across 11 countries and 41 cities. For 12 FPPs, in 12 different cities, there are peer-reviewed site-specific PFAS measurements specifically attributed to the FPP. At these 12 sites, at least 236 individual PFASs have been detected across multiple environmental media, including surface water, groundwater, air, …

Preliminary Cruise Report: Tn452 Eastern Lau Spreading Center And Northeastern Lau Basin, Kingdom Of Tonga, April 19, 2026 – May 18, 2026, Roxanne A. Beinart, Shawn Arellano

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Which Forms Of Work Flexibility Retain Working Mothers: A Moderated Mediation Model Of Flexibility Need, Flexibility Use, And Top Management Support, Jeanine K. Andreassi, Angela R. Grotto, Leanna Lawter, Tuvana Rua, Cynthia A. Thompson

WCBT Faculty Publications

This study investigates the relative impact of utilizing various forms of work flexibility on mothers’ retention in full-time jobs. Drawing from a model of work reentry for new mothers and Human Ecology Theory (HET), we theorize that mothers’ flexibility needs influence retention through flexibility use and that top management support strengthens this process. Using a cross-sectional Qualtrics online survey, we recruited a diverse sample of 213 women across the United States who stayed with or left their full-time jobs after childbirth or adoption. Using relative weights and path analysis, we compared six forms of flexibility. Schedule, career, and leave flexibility …

Unlocking Testing Potential: Establishing A Unified Testing Hub To Support Student Success, Pallavi Singh, Yonella Demars, Maggie Christ, Ewa Way, Lisa Domico, Karolina Aberg

GEHLI - 2026 VCUL Team Project Publications

This project evaluates the feasibility and strategic impact of establishing a centralized testing hub at VCU. By analyzing current practices, stakeholder needs, and peer models, the study aims to assess benefits such as improved testing integrity, accessibility, and operational efficiency. Findings will inform actionable recommendations for implementation, with the potential to enhance student success, reduce administrative burden, and position VCU in the forefront of secure, standardized academic assessment for both in-person and online education.

Ram-Cents: Making Financial Sense For Vcu Rams, Anna Brown, Becca Klein, Cierra Eldridge, Corey Humphrey, Scott Robinson

GEHLI - 2026 VCUL Team Project Publications

With the cost of in-state tuition at public institutions doubling in the last 30 years, paying for college is one of the most significant financial investments families can undertake (Nadworny, 2025). As an access-driven institution, VCU faces additional challenges to ensure affordability for its students. More than ⅓ of VCU students are Pell Grant-eligible and 38% of freshmen are first-generation college students (Virginia Commonwealth University, n.d.). Having accurate, timely information related to billing and financial aid is critical for helping students and families make informed decisions in order to move through their degree progression. Outstanding balances on student bills impact …

New Media For New Marijuana: An Initiative Addressing The Challenges Of A Changing Cannabis Landscape And Its Impact On The Driving Safety Of The Vcu Community, Kelsa Bartley, Peter Henry, Donisha Terry, Emily Yeaman, Quingguo Xu, Matthew Winheim

GEHLI - 2026 VCUL Team Project Publications

Cannabis products today are significantly more potent and more widely available than in previous generations, creating new health and safety challenges for college students. This project aims to develop an evidence-based awareness campaign that delivers information about the health risks of emerging cannabinoid products and the consequences of impaired driving due to cannabis use. The campaign aims to increase student awareness, encourage responsible decision-making, and contribute to a safer, healthier VCU community.

Signals Of Success: Leveraging Early Alerts And Attendance Data To Support First-Year Students, Derek Behmke, Priscilla Hwang, Christina Mancini, Sarah Williams, Nick Wong

GEHLI - 2026 VCUL Team Project Publications

VCU’s Early Alert system has varied implementation across the University, resulting in inconsistent flagging to provide enhanced support for students. This project explores the demonstrated advantages of interventions using Early Alerts and barriers to widespread, consistent adoption by faculty. Recommendations include an enhanced communication plan that includes possible training or marketing approaches to faculty using a data-driven approach that centers on student success as well as intuitive integrated tools to simplify the process for faculty.

Unstoppable Workforce: Identifying Ai Gaps At Vcu, Valerie Cooper, Eliza Hunt, Demmie Pennix, Maiya Lee, Swadesh Das

GEHLI - 2026 VCUL Team Project Publications

AI in an UNstoppable workforce describes a future where artificial intelligence becomes a driving force that reshapes teaching, research, clinical operations, and administrative work here at VCU. We are gathering AI-related data, projects, and use cases from every school and college at VCU to contribute to a centralized AI hub. This hub will serve as the campus-wide resource for understanding how AI is being used, supporting collaboration, guiding responsible adaptation, and shaping a unified strategy for AI innovation across VCU.

Abstract: This project seeks to identify existing AI-related initiatives across VCU, assess perceived educational and operational needs, and explore opportunities …

Annual Report Of The Officers Of The Town Of Bartlett, New Hampshire, For The Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2025, Bartlett Town Representatives

Bartlett, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Private Standards As Liability Shields: A Pro-Innovation Artificial Intelligence Regulatory Approach For States, Gary E. Marchant, Jordan Buckwald

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

States face a dilemma. The federal government is not regulating artificial intelligence (AI), and is threatening states that regulate the technology with preemption and funding restrictions. Moreover, piecemeal state regulation with different substantive requirements risks impeding AI innovation and harming our national interest and security. And yet, AI creates a whole host of problems relating to accuracy, safety, security, bias, transparency, privacy, and autonomy that needs to be governed. This Article presents a solution to this dilemma that can protect against AI risks without harming innovation and the national interest. The proposal is for states to provide a liability shield …

Creative Destruction For The Patent System? Impact Of Generative Ai, Henry H. Perritt Jr.

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

AI raises the provocative possibility that patents could one day become obsolete. AI has the ability both to generate inventions and to simulate the perspective of a person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA). This article explores the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on the United States patent system. The article supports a scenario in which everything becomes invented—and simultaneously, everything becomes obvious—thus challenging a foundational criterion for patentability. These developments can occur within established principles of inventorship, obviousness, and subject matter eligibility under U.S. patent law. Using a narrative case study and a test invention, the …

State Wetland Protections After Sackett V. Epa: Lessons From The Prairie Pothole Region, Elizabeth Thilges

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

From Data To Decisions: Why Ai Inferences Should Count As ‘Effects’ Under The Fourth Amendment, Susan Tanner

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

This Article argues that AI-driven microtargeting, enabled by large-scale data brokerage and increasingly acquired by government actors, creates a dual constitutional problem. First, it undermines Fourth Amendment protections through what has become known as the ‘data broker loophole.’ Second, it amplifies inequality and civic distortion by segmenting political information flows in ways that evade traditional constitutional checks and statutory privacy regimes. Building on Carpenter v. United States, Riley v. California, and United States v. Jones, this Article proposes a doctrinal framework that treats government acquisition of granular behavioral datasets and model outputs as ‘searches,’ even when intermediated by private actors, …

Sentinels Of Security -- A Case For State Leadership In The Quantum Era, J.T. Ayotte

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Hyperscalers In The Heartland: How A Climate-First Framework Can Incentivize Sustainable Data Center Development And Grid Decarbonization, Eli Dotson

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

This Note proceeds in three parts. Part II surveys the rise of AI and hyperscale data centers, the technical and legal challenges their loads pose, and the evolving policy landscape, both nationwide and in Minnesota. Part III argues that Minnesota should build on its emerging data center framework in two ways. First, the PUC should institutionalize the framework’s most promising features by setting a “clean energy floor” to ensure that data centers contribute to, rather than prevent, the decarbonization of Minnesota’s grid. Second, the PUC should create an additional “distributed flexibility pathway” by forcing utilities to consider alternative ways of …

Annual Report Of The Officers And Committees Of The Town Of Brookline, New Hampshire For Year Ending December 31, 2025, With Reports Of The School Districts For Year Ending June 30, 2025, Brookline Town Representatives

Brookline, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Town Of Colebrook Annual Report Year Ending December 31, 2025, Colebrook Town Representatives

Colebrook, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Los Pescadores, Manuel F. Medrano

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Menorca And The Slingshot Woman, Manuel F. Medrano

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

"Art, Esthetics, Ideal": An Ethics For Literary Translators In The Age Of Translating Machines, Gabriel González Núñez

Writing and Language Studies Faculty Publications

The advent of effective machine translation has raised several issues for translators, including the question of how a human translator ought to translate in this age of translating machines. In this context of new ethical questions, the present essay argues that an answer may be found in Pedro Figari’s (1912) philosophical essay on esthetics. Following Figari, the current essay argues that literary translation is art, that as such it can produce an esthetic emotion on readers and that the purpose of such art and esthetics is an ideal in the form of the continuous betterment of the human condition.