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Mathematical Analysis Of The Slip Flow Due To A Cylinder Oscillating In Different Directions With Independent Amplitudes, Alana Sankar, Karim Rahaman

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study examines the incompressible viscous fluid flow in an infinitely long cylinder, with slip occurring at the cylinder’s surface, undergoing longitudinal and torsional oscillations of independent amplitudes. The proposed governing equations are solved subject to the Basset slip condition. Analytical expressions for the velocity field, shear stresses, drag force on the cylinder, work done and the drag coefficient are obtained. Velocity components, drag and work done are illustrated graphically. The magnitude of the velocity increases as slip decreases and as the frequency of oscillations increases. Drag increases in both directions as the slip decreases and as the frequency of …

A Multi-Valued Fixed Point Theorem For Quasi-Contractions On A Cone Metric Space, Regina Mahadewsing, Sreedhara Rao Gunakala, Vikash Ramcharitar, Reddappa Bandi, Akhenaton Daaga, Thameem Basha H

Mansoura Engineering Journal

A set-valued (multi-valued)  mapping  assigns to each  a nonempty closed and bounded subset . Using this notion, the present work broadens classical fixed point theory by proving a fixed point theorem for multi-valued quasi-contractive mappings in cone metric spaces. The developed argument extends several earlier results that were restricted to single-valued maps and more familiar set-valued settings, thereby providing a wider analytical framework within ordered Banach-space structures. These contributions enrich fixed point theory in generalized metric environments and can be relevant to problems in nonlinear analysis and optimization

Underwater Image Identification Using Fuzzy Soft Planar Graph, Bhuvaneswari Natarajan Jayakar, Karthick Palanisamy

Mansoura Engineering Journal

High-attribute underwater image segmentation is fundamental to autonomous marine exploration, biodiversity monitoring, and subsea infrastructure inspection. However, underwater environments are inherently stochastic, exhibiting severe light attenuation, chromatic distortion, scattering effects, and noise, all of which significantly degrade image quality and challenge conventional computer vision techniques. Hence, Fuzzy logic which handles uncertainty and imprecision in data and Soft sets which manage parameterized information, are widely applied to underwater image analysis. Fuzzy Soft Planar Graphs (FSPGs) constitute a mathematical framework that integrates fuzzy set theory, soft set theory and planar graph structures for preserving spatial topology. The proposed methodology adopts a hybrid …

Effectiveness Of Talcum Powder In Reducing Swelling Potential And Enhancing Strength Of Expansive Soil, Hesham E. Eleraky, Ashraf K. Nazir, Wasiem R. Azzam, Mohamed A. Sakr

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Expansive soils are clayey soils that undergo large volume changes as a result of moisture content variations. These soils have the potential to make foundations and other structures unstable and require costly repairs. This study examined the impact of adding talcum powder as a new stabilizing component to the matrix of an expansive soil in order to enhance the swelling pressure, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor, unconfined compressive strength at different periods of curing, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were all used in a series of laboratory tests to examine how adding talcum powder to expansive soil affected the soil's …

Performance Of Foamed Concrete Before And After Fire Conditions: A Review, Poles Bahgat, Mohamed Kohail, A. Fathy, A. Afifi

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Foamed concrete is defined as a type of concrete distinguished by its workability, low density, and insulating properties. It is used as building material. The objective of this review is to discuss the physical and mechanical characteristics and fire sensitivity of foamed concrete. Density influences the strength of concrete. The strength of concrete is between 2 and 3.5 MPa, which increased with the addition of gold mining waste, reaching approximately 35 MPa at optimal replacement levels.  There is a 60-70% reduction in strength for lightweight concrete with a density of 400-1200 kg/m³ compared to conventional concrete. The fire sensitivity of …

How Directors Of E-Learning Contribute To New Expectations Of Privacy, William R. Jones

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This qualitative research study used semi-structured interviews to ask directors of elearning at regional public universities about decision-making concerning new information technologies that affected the data privacy and security of students and staff. The institutional setting and target population were chosen to standardize the inquiry and allow focus on how privacy decisions were made. The conceptual framework drew on Helen Nissenbaum’s theory of contextual integrity for privacy and contributions of behavioral economists on expert decision-making including studies of heuristics and biases, naturalistic decision-making, and the failures of deliberative groups. Data collection involved a first interview and then a second follow-up …

2026-2027 Graduate Catalog, Morehead State University. Registrar's Office.

Morehead State Catalog Archive

2026-2027 graduate catalog for Morehead State University.

Deep Learning Based Classification Of Retinal Oct Images Using Custom Cnn And Resnet50, Ahmed Afzal

ICT

Retinal diseases such as Choroidal Neovascularization, Diabetic Macular Edema and Drusen can affect vision if they are not detected and treated early. Optical Coherence Tomography images provide detailed cross sectional views of the retina, making them useful for identifying retinal abnormalities. This project investigates the use of deep learning for classifying retinal images from the OCT2017 dataset into four categories: CNV, DME, DRUSEN, and NORMAL. The project follows the CRISP-DM methodology, covering data understanding, data preparation, modelling, evaluation and deployment. During data preparation, duplicate images were removed, image dimensions were standardised and class imbalance was addressed using class weights during …

Pxaa: A Root-Cause Decision-Support System For Airline Passenger Complaints Using Sentiment Analysis And Complaint Classification, Adélia Acacio Da Silva, Stefani Rabelo De Campos Nunes

ICT

PXAA (Passenger Experience Analytics Assistant) is a machine learning and decision-support prototype developed to analyse airline passenger complaints using sentiment analysis and complaint classification techniques. The project follows the CRISP-DM methodology and uses airline passenger reviews collected from AirlineQuality.com through Python web scraping. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques were applied to clean and preprocess the textual data, while logistic Regression was used to classify passenger sentiment into positive, negative and neutral categories.

The project also implemented rule-based complaint classification to identify common complaint themes such as delays, baggage issues, customer service problems, comfort issues, payments/refund complaints and communication failures. These …

Design And Evaluation Of A Supervised Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System., Tarquin Qazi

ICT

This project involves designing and evaluating a supervised machine-learning-based intrusion detection system (IDS) using the CIC-IDS2017 dataset. The project is structured around the cross-industry standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM) framework. The dataset comprises over 2.8 million labelled instances and was cleaned and reduced from 78 to 63 features via redundancy analysis. These data were used to train and tune three supervised classifiers: Logistic Regression algorithm as a linear baseline, a Decision Tree algorithm and a Random Forest algorithm. Hyperparameter optimisation was conducted using RandomizedSearchCV with 3-fold cross-validation, optimising for the F1-macro scoring metric.

While the random forest performed similarly …

Comparative Economic Impact Modelling Of Floods Vs Drought On A Global Scale, Diogo Lemos Aguiar, Paulo Henrique Oliveira Machado

ICT

Climate change is generating unprecedented economic losses through extreme weather events, yet comparative predictive analysis between different hazard types remains limited. This report presents a Machine Learning–Based Comparative Economic Impact Modelling System designed to predict and compare the economic damages caused by floods and droughts on a global scale. The system integrates historical disaster records from the EM-DAT International Disaster Database with country-level socioeconomic indicators from the World Bank's World Development Indicators, applying supervised regression modelling to a unified dataset of 1,301 disaster events across 133 countries from 2000 to 2025. XGBoost and a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network were evaluated …

A Review On Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon Anodes For Sodium-Ion Batteries : From Carbon Precursors To Storage Mechanisms, Anqi Lu, Jiaqian Qin

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The rapid development of sustainable energy technologies has intensified the demand for cost-effective and high-performance energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their low cost, abundant sodium resources, and similar electrochemical mechanisms to LIBs. Hard carbon (HC) has attracted significant attention as the predominant anode material for SIBs due to its low cost, structural tunability, and availability from diverse precursors. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the unclear Na+ storage mechanism, limited rate capability, and strong dependence on precursor type. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in HC …

Mechanical Properties And Crystallization Of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced With Glass Flakes And Aluminum Powder, Nattakarn Hongsriphan, Pajaera Patanathabutr

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This research investigated mechanical properties and crystallization of poly(butylene terephthalate) composites by adding glass flakes (GF) and aluminum particles (Al). The concentration of the GF was 3 wt% or 5 wt%, and the Al was 0.5 wt% or 1.0 wt%. The stress-strain curves of the PBT-based composites showed yielding and necking. The PBT/GF/Al composites with GF/Al ratios of 3/0.5 wt/wt%, 3/1.0 wt/wt%, 5/0.5 wt/wt%, and 5/1.0 wt/wt% had Young’s moduli of 11.44%, 11.70%, 16.81%, and 19.31% higher than that of neat PBT, respectively. In the presence of Al at 1.0 wt%, the flexural modulus of the PBT/GF/Al composites increased to …

Synthesis, Structure, And Electrochemical Properties Of The Ni(Oh)2/Nimoo4 Composite On The Rgo/Nf Template For Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Electrodes, Retno Asih, Haniffudin Nurdiansah, Rogabe Sianipar, Ida Ayu Gayatri, Lukman Noerochim, Diah Susanti, Isao Watanabe, Darminto Darminto

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The growing demand for renewable and sustainable energy has intensified research on advanced energy-storage systems that can deliver both high energy and power densities. In this study, a Ni(OH)2/ NiMoO4 composite on a reduced graphene oxide/nickel foam (rGO/NF) template was synthesized through a hydrothermal and electrodeposition route to construct a hybrid battery-supercapacitor electrode. The unique hierarchical design combines the pseudocapacitive activity of Ni(OH)2/NiMoO4 with the excellent conductivity of rGO and the high surface area of NF, enabling efficient electron and ion transport. Structural and morphological analyses confirm the successful formation of the Ni(OH)2/NiMoO4/rGO/NF architecture. The electrode exhibits a specific capacitance …

Development Of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer/Cellulose Composites Using Cellulose Extracted From Hemp Biomass For Plastic Packaging Applications, Supanicha Alapon, Natthanich Thongmee, Wikoramet Teeka, Pattara Somnuake, Sirirat Wacharawichanant

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)/cellulose composites using cellulose derived from hemp biomass (CHB) were investigated in this research. Morphology, chemical structures, functional groups, and crystallinity of CHB were characterized, observing a size of 135 ± 32 μm from SEM images with high purity and crystallinity from FT-IR and XRD spectroscopy. The optimized CHB was incorporated at 1 phr, 3 phr, and 5 phr into PLA/EPDM blends at 90/10 w/w. The polymer composites were prepared using an internal mixer, and samples were produced by compression molding for mechanical and thermal testing. The results indicated that the EPDM phase dispersed as droplets in …

Effect Of Cu Content On Microstructure, Morphology, And Antibacterial Properties Of Ti-Cu Alloy Thin Films, Chittra Kedkaew, Phalakorn Khwansungnoen, Tanattha Rattana

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Ti-Cu alloy thin films exhibit considerable potential for the development of advanced antibacterial surfaces, particularly for biomedical applications. In this research, Ti-Cu binary alloy thin films with a wide range of Cu content from 25.8 at% to 77.8 at% were deposited using magnetron co-sputtering with pure Ti and Cu as the targets. The composition of Cu in the films can be controlled by the applied power of Cu targets. This study investigated the effect of Cu content on the microstructural, morphological, and antibacterial properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron …

Contributions Of Carbon Content And Cooling Rate On Phase Transformations And Mechanical Properties Of Sintered Fe-1.5cr-0.2mo-Xc Alloys, Mantana Yaruan, Wantana Koetniyom, Thanyaporn Yotkaew, Nattaya Tosangthum, Ruangdaj Tongsri

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Microstructural development in sintered Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo-xC alloys, produced under different cooling rates of 0.1℃∙s‒1 and 5.4℃∙s‒1, was investigated. It was found that, in slowly sintered Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo-xC alloys, the microstructure changed from hypoeutectoid to eutectoid and to hypereutectoid steel microstructural features with increasing carbon content. Under the fast-cooling rate of 5.4℃∙s‒1, the microstructural change with respect to the increase of carbon content involved the competition between the formation of ferrite + carbide mixture and that of martensite-austenite constituent. The increase of tensile strength of slowly cooled sintered Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo-xC alloys with increasing carbon content was attributed to …

Effect Of Garnet Incorporation On The Functional Properties Of Sunscreens, Parinya Chakartnarodom, Kanyarat Munmani, Sureerat Polsilapa, Duangrudee Chaysuwan, Wichit Prakaypan, Passakorn Sonprasarn, Edward Laitila, Nuntaporn Kongkajun

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Garnet, a silicate mineral, was investigated as a replacement for the TiO2-based compound in sunscreen formulations. Samples containing garnet were evaluated for color shade, viscosity, sun protection factor (SPF), and water resistance. Substituting the TiO2-based compound with garnet reduced both viscosity and SPF but markedly enhanced water resistance. This improvement is attributed to the physical reinforcement provided by garnet particles, which strengthen the sunscreen film and reduce wash-off under water exposure. Garnet incorporation also altered the product’s appearance from white to a darker brownish-beige tone, improving visual compatibility with a wider range of skin tones.

Effects Of Welding Currents On Microstructure And Corrosion Behaviors Of Inconel 625 Cladding On 2.25cr-1mo Steel By Hot-Wire Tig, Supparat Saeheng, Hein Zaw Oo, Prapas Muangjunburee

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Hot-wire tungsten inert gas (HW-TIG) cladding has been applied to the steam turbine rotor welding repair. This study investigated the effects of welding currents on microstructure, hardness, and corrosion behavior. The experiments were conducted using four different welding currents applied to bead-on-plate Inconel 625 welds on a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel substrate as the steam turbine rotor material. The selected welding currents were 125 A, 150 A, 175 A, and 200 A. The percentages of weld dilution for different welding currents were also evaluated. Higher welding currents increased weld dilution, weld bead width, and HAZ size. As the welding current increased, the …

Properties And Printability Of Polylactic Acid Films : An Effect Of Polyglutamate Coated Natto As A Bio-Plasticizer, Natrata Thitinardwong, Thira Chavarnakul, Kawee Srikulkit

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Polylactic acid (PLA) film, a biodegradable alternative to petroleum-based plastics, has gained significant attention for sustainable packaging applications. However, its limited screen-printability remains a barrier to broader commercial use. This study aims to enhance the screen-printability of PLA film by incorporating a polyglutamate coated natto (designated as Nat-M). PLA/Nat-M films having 1%, 3%, and 5% Nat-M were prepared and evaluated for their key performance indicators, including ink adhesion (ASTM D3359), tone reproduction accuracy, and printing resolution. The screen-printing resolution was optimized between 400 DPI and 500 DPI (dots per inch) to achieve optimal tone reproduction and edge sharpness. Additionally, ink …

A Top-Electrode-Based Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator For Energy Harvesting And Ethanol Detection, Subrat Bhol, Nakul Charan Sahu, Sunit Gaurav Mohanty, Vicky Raj Maddala, Basanta Kumar Panigrahi, Premkumar Bhosale

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerators (LS-TENGs) offer a promising avenue for self-powered energy harvesting and sensing by exploiting contact electrification at fluid-dielectric interfaces, where droplet dynamics drive charge separation for electrical output without external power. In this work, a top-electrode LS-TENG was fabricated using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film on a PMMA substrate with deionised water droplets, achieving an open-circuit voltage of ‒3.4 V, short-circuit current of 3.6 μA, and peak power of 1.48 nW at 100 MΩ under optimised conditions of 2 cm drop height, 45° tilt, and 50 μL volume. Performance scaled with droplet kinetics and volume due to enhanced contact …

Strategic Optimization Of Plasticizers, Fillers, And Blend Ratios For Enhanced Performance Of Dynamically Cured Epoxidized Natural Rubber (Enr)/Polypropylene (Pp) Thermoplastic Vulcanizates, Azizon Kaesaman, Anuwat Worlee, Charoen Nakason

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study introduces an innovative methodology for optimizing oil, plasticizer, filler, and blend proportions in epoxidized natural rubber with 20 mol% epoxide (ENR-20) and polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs), aiming to achieve superior rheological, mechanical, morphological, and thermal performance. By leveraging paraffinic oil, epoxidized soybean oil, and phthalate-based plasticizers, the research investigates their influence on tensile strength, elasticity, and processability. Among the oils and plasticizers evaluated, paraffinic oil demonstrated the most effective plasticizing performance, offering superior flexibility and elasticity. Various paraffinic oil loadings (15 phr, 25 phr, 30 phr, 35 phr, 40 phr, 45 phr, 50 phr, and 75 phr) …

Impact Of Chromium Substitution On Structural And Magnetic Properties Of Mnbi-Based Melt-Spun Ribbons, Anh Kha Vuong, Triet Minh Dang, Truong Xuan Nguyen, Duy Anh Vo Nguyen, Hai Van Pham, Nam Hoai Nguyen, Nam Hong Pham, Oanh Kim Thi Vuong, Tan Nhut Nguyen Le, Tuan Van Dinh, Nam Thanh Tran Nguyen, Nhan Thi Tran, Trung Quoc Nguyen, Nhan Thi Tran, Trung Quoc Nguyen, Lu Wei, Vuong Van Nguyen

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

MnBi-based magnetic materials and magnets are of significant interest due to their magnetism without rare earth elements and their ability to replace Nd-Fe-B in high-temperature magnet applications due to its unique feature of enhancing coercivity in the range of 100℃ to 250℃, enabling their energy product (BH)max comparable to NdFeB magnets despite their moderate spontaneous magnetization Msp. To adjust the magnetic properties of MnBi magnets, various elements have been doped to regulate magnetic interactions among the atoms, which subsequently alters Msp and the magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy. In this work, we investigate the effects of chromium doping on the magnetic properties …

Cold Sintering-Assisted Low Temperature Fabrication Of Dense Ba5 Nb4 O15 Ceramics, Usa Sukkha, Apichayaporn Teandam, Phakkhananan Pakawanit, Phitsamai Kamonpha, Wanwilai Vittayakorn, Phieraya Pulphol, Naratip Vittayakorn

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study presents a novel approach for fabricating Ba5Nb4O15 (BNO) ceramics at low sintering temperatures via the cold sintering process (CSP), using Ba(OH)2∙8H2O (BOH) as a transient liquid phase. CSP was performed under an external pressure of 10 MPa with a sintering temperature range of 150℃ to 300℃. Optimally, BNO-BOH ceramics achieved a relative density of 93.7 ± 0.43% when sintered at 250℃ for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that particle densification occurred via a dissolution-precipitation process, which filled pores and formed necks between particles. The study demonstrates that the residual liquid content is crucial for ceramic densification. …

Fabrication Of A Chitosan‒Fe3o4/Activated Carbon/Tio2 Nanocomposite As A Pb(Ii) Heavy Metal Adsorbent, Berliantty Warim Putri, Arif Hidayat, Lya Rizka Herawati, Poppy Puspitasari, Nandang Mufti, Yap Wing Fen, Muhammad Safwan Abdul Aziz, Tahta Amrillah, Ahmad Taufiq

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Nowadays, water pollution by heavy metal Pb(II) is a significant issue in many countries, including Indonesia. To overcome this problem, a suitable and efficient waste treatment method is necessary. Therefore, in this work, Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 nanocomposite modified with chitosan (CS) for the treatment of Pb (II) waste were investigated. CS was used due to its OH and NH2 functional groups, which enable the formation of a new hybrid nanocomposite that can be used repeatedly. To reduce production costs, environmentally friendly, raw natural materials, such as iron sand, coconut shells, and shrimp shells, were employed. The XRD characterization results indicate that the …

Advanced Hemp-Based Hybrid Composites: A Study On The Influence Of Various Nanofillers On Mechanical And Morphological Properties, Velmurugan Ganesan, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, Muthukumar V., Nagaraj M., Lakshmi Narayana S.

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural attributes of epoxy composites with hemp fiber reinforcements and incorporated aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles at different weight fractions of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, and 1.5 wt%. Nano-fillers remarkably improved the composite performance, as indicated by tensile and flexural tests conducted by ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 standards. The composite containing 1.5 wt% Al2O3 outperformed other nano filled composites with a tensile strength of 64 MPa and tensile modulus of 3.6 GPa, versus 52 MPa and 3.0 GPa for the unfilled hemp/epoxy composite. In parallel, flexural strength …

Sintering Behavior And Mechanical Properties Of Ha-Ysz-Ti Composite Sintered By Spark Plasma Sintering, Seyed Mohsen Fatemi, Iman Mobasherpour, Leila Nikzad, Mansour Razavi

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This research is aimed to determine the best composition of composite fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) to produce a suitable substituent for bone. The applied powder was prepared by the SPS method and comprises hydroxyapatite (HA), yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and titanium (Ti). Different percentages of components were used to fabricate the composite samples. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the structural phase of the sintered samples while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was employed for microstructural analysis of the specimens. The behavior of the samples was investigated during sintering. The gas release, displacements, and porosity percentage of the …

Antibacterial Characterization Of Ciprofloxacin-Doped Electrospun Of Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene Oxide (Peo) And Sodium Alginate (Naalg) Nanofibers, Phuphinee Niyomchon, Treesukon Treebupachatsakul, Kasama Srirussamee

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Producing nanofibers using the electrospinning technique is a developed method that is widely used and of significant interest nowadays. This technique can be applied using various types of polymers. This research aimed to investigate the antibacterial PEO-NaAlg nanofiber fabrication. The fiber fabrication was examined under various viscosities of electrospinning solution. The electrospun nanofiber fabrication focuses on blending polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a molecular weight of 200-300 kDa, mixed with sodium alginate (NaAlg) of three different viscosities: 150 cP, 300 cP, and 730 cP to study how the viscosity of the solution affects the morphology of electrospun nanofibers. The PEO-NaAlg electrospun …

Effects Of Various Heat Treatment Cycles On Mechanical Properties And Wear Resistance Of 65mn Carbon Steel, Amir Abbas Mojahedi, Seyed Abdolkarim Sajjadi, Fatemehsadat Sayyedan

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of various heat treatment cycles on mechanical properties and wear resistance of 65Mn carbon steel. For this purpose, five different heat treatment cycles including normalizing, austenitizing, quenching, and tempering were performed at different austenitization temperatures and tempering times. Subsequently, effects of the parameters on tensile strength, toughness, hardness, and wear resistance of the heat-treated samples were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to analyze microstructure of heat-treated samples. To study the wear resistance of the samples after …

Two-Step Sputtering For Depositing Smooth And Thin Zno Films On Non-Heated, Non-Epiready Pet Substrates, Nattaya Tajina Yossapong, Annop Klamchuen, Kittipong Tantisantisom, Ekkaphop Ketsombun, Taworn Intaro, Sakuntam Sanorpim, Warakorn Yanwachirakul

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Highly crystalline, smooth-surface, and thin zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been successfully deposited on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using an optimized two-step RF magnetron sputtering technique at ambient temperature. The PET used in this study was a commercially available overhead projector film, which was not epiready-grade and had a lower melting point (~150℃). This issue made high-quality deposition more challenging. In the first step, a thin ZnO buffer layer was deposited at low RF power to provide a smooth and thermally stable surface. This layer served as both a structural template and a thermal barrier during the subsequent high-power …