The Rider (2026-01-26), Daniela Chapa-Reyes

The Rider Archives

Vol. 11, No. 16

Enhancing The Mechanical Properties Of Epoxy With Graphene Quantum Dots: A Molecular Dynamics Study, Swapnil S. Bamane, Prathamesh P. Deshpande, Folarin Erogbogbo, Ozgur Keles

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Polymers are the key to the next generation of high-performance materials for their applications in aerospace, defense, and energy. Thermoset polymers like epoxy are widely used as a matrix material in composites due to their ease of processability and compatibility with reinforcement materials. There have been significant efforts in the development of polymer materials properties using nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, rubber, and metal oxides. However, graphene quantum dots (GQD), a zero-dimensional nano-scale filler material, have not been extensively explored towards improvement of the mechanical properties of polymers. The objective of this study is to understand the effects of …

Photocrosslinkable Morin-Loaded Gelatin-G-Gma Composite Hydrogel For Accelerating Burn Wound Healing: In Vitro And In Vivo Assessments, Samar A. Salim

Nanotechnology Research Centre

The impaired skin regeneration, scarring, and delayed healing make the management of burn injuries a challenging task. We designed a photopolymerized hydrogel of gelatin-grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) for burn management applications. Hydrogel was incorporated with Morin, a plant flavonoid that was originally isolated from the Moraceae family, with known anti-antioxidant and antifibrotic activities. The physicochemical characterization of the resultant hydrogel, including its gelation time and swelling properties, was conducted. The characterization results indicated that the hydrogel development was successful, exhibiting well-established porosity, as evidenced by the SEM images. In vivo evaluation demonstrated improved tissue regeneration characterized by enhanced collagen …

Transient Grating Spectroscopy Nondestructively Characterizes The Mechanics Of Rubbery Polymers And Soft Gels, Christopher W. Barney, Angela A. Pitenis, Bolin Liao, Allison L. Chau

University Research

Designing efficient mechanisms for moving mechanical assemblies requires the use of materials with well-defined mechanical responses. Appropriate methods are needed to characterize these mechanical responses. Mechanical characterization of soft materials is critical in the high strain rate regime where intuition from manipulating a material at low rates fails to translate to applications including impact protection, tire traction, and sound damping. Here, transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) is used to measure wave propagation for soft elastomers and hydrogels. TGS is a non-destructive and non-contact optoacoustic technique that enables high strain rate measurements of the bulk modulus, a measure of a material's resistance …

Blockchain Adoption In Thailand’S Elections: Perspectives, Limitations, And The Proposed Tberm Model, Charm Peeraphirom, Waiwit Chanwimalueng

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This study assesses Thailand’s readiness for blockchain-based elections by utilizing qualitative methods and semi-structured interviews with five experts in law, technology, economics, and administration. The data were analyzed through the dimensions of privacy, accessibility, transparency, security, and scalability. Findings reveal that while blockchain enhances integrity, significant barriers exist including insufficient transaction throughput, high costs, voter coercion risks, and limited digital literacy. Legal gaps regarding the PDPA also hinder adoption. Consequently, the study proposes the Thailand Blockchain Election Readiness Model (TBERM) which is a hybrid framework integrating blockchain auditing with physical polling units to mitigate security and accessibility concerns. The results …

Collaborative Compliance: A Consortium-Based Framework For Achieving 21 Cfr Part 11 Readiness In Redcap Across Ctsa Institutions, Theresa Baker, Katie Keenoy, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Academic research institutions using REDCap often face challenges aligning with U.S. FDA requirements for electronic records and signatures under 21 CFR Part 11 (Part 11). A National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences(NCATS) working group developed an implementation guide for Part 11 compliance in REDCap. Within six months after release, 259 individuals representing 164 institutions accessed the guide. Individuals who downloaded the guide reported reduced vendor reliance, improved documentation, and establishment Part 11-ready REDCap instances. This working group demonstrated how collaboration between technical and regulatory experts at many peer institutions is effective in improving regulatory compliance across the research enterprise.

Early Detection Of Bladder Cancer Using Advanced Feature Engineering And Swarm Intelligence Optimization On Ehrs, Xu Wang, Andrea Preston, Jonathan Aning, Michael Loizou, Shang-Ming Zhou

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) symptoms often overlap with benign conditions, while no routine screening exists for general population. We aim to develop a machine learning (ML)-based screening pipeline for early BC detection using electronic-health-records (EHRs) in primary care. Methods: A multi-centred case-control cohort (1995–2018; n = 64,884) was created for model training and testing. We further validated the model prospectively on an independent cohort (2019–2020; n = 4,569). We proposed the Parsimony driven REweighting for Calibrated Input-based Screening for Early detection—Adjustable Grey Zone (PRECISE-AGZ), which identified influential features from 48,261 candidates and developed a calibrated logistic regression screening model with …

Growth Performance Of Laying Hens Fed Diets Containing Different Levels Of Palm Kernel Meal And Copra Meal, Aynan Gunawan, Burhanudin Sundu, Ummiani Hatta, Sugiarto Sugiarto

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract

Feed plays an important role in livestock metabolism, especially to support growth, maintain body condition, and production. Therefore, efforts are needed to find high-quality feed ingredients that are easy to obtain, sustainably available, do not compete with human needs, are non-toxic, and economical. One alternative feed ingredient that can be optimized to reduce feed costs is industrial waste, such as coconut meal and palm kernel meal. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, Palu, for five weeks, namely from March 19, 2022 to May 20, 2022. A total of …

Crisis In The Regeneration Of Livestock Workforce, Analysis Of Factors Affecting Young Generation's Interest In The Livestock Sector, Taufik Khaliq, Irma Susanti S, Ruth Dameria Haloho, Adli Putra Ermanda

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the interest of the young generation in the livestock sector. The research was conducted in the province of West Sulawesi, using a sample of 230 people selected through purposive sampling. Instrument testing used the Pearson product-moment and Alpha Cronbach. Data analysis used multiple linear regression, with variables consisting of independent variables: social factors (X1), economic factors (X2), government role (X3), demographics (X4), information access (X5), and technology support (X6), with the dependent variable being interest in working in the livestock sector (Y). The results of this study indicate that …

Characteristics Of Polled Bali Cattle And Potential For Development In South Sulawesi, Zulkharnaim Zulkharnaim, Syahdar Baba, Muhammad Hatta, Hasman Hasman

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Some cattle breeds that have evolved hornless versions include indigenous cattle. This research aimed to identify phenotypic and morphometric traits in Polled Bali cattle (PBC) as the indigenous cattle, this research is important for breed characterization. This study involved 165 heads of PBC, which included 60 males and 105 females. The lack of horns in PBC causes the interaction of the poll gene (P) and the scur gene (Sc). The PBC coat color is mainly reddish-brown (>40%), with black color on the hoof (>90%), switch of the tail (>68%), eyelid (>100%), and …

The Effect Of Information Sharing And Quality On Increasing Consumer Satisfaction At Garut Fighting Sheep Farmers In Garut Regency, Faisal Ramadhan, Lilis Nurlina, Achmad Firman

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

The cultivation of fighting type Garut sheep is expanding and thriving in West Java, Indonesia, particularly in Garut Regency, necessitating an analysis of efficiency and effectiveness of factors supporting, including information, the aplplication of supply chain management, and productivity to fulfill customer satisfaction. This study aims to assess the impact of sharing information and information quality regarding the implementation of supply chain management and the effect on the process of accelerating the performance of supply chain management, as well as its influence on the process of enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain management, with the aim of boosting …

Effect Of Corn Flour Addition On The Physical And Chemical Quality Of Wedelia Trilobata (L) Hitchc Weed Silage For Ruminant Livestock Feed, Ajat Sudrajat, Retno Galuh Syaharani, Nur Rasminati, Wahyu Candra Saputra, Niken Astuti, Raden Febrianto Christi, Fazhana Ismail

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Research on the physical and chemical quality of weed silage with the addition of corn flour has been carried out. The research was carried out on November 30, 2024 – February 25, 2025 at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of the Animal Husbandry Study Program, Mercu Buana Yogyakarta University and the Chem-Mix Bantul laboratory, Yogyakarta. The study used an experimental method with a complete random design (RAL) in a unidirectional pattern using 4 treatments, namely P0 (no treatment), P1 (1% corn flour), P2 (3% corn flour) and P3 (5% corn flour), then each treatment was replicated three times. In each treatment, …

Study Of Fermentation Of Lemongrass Waste (Cymbopogon Nardus), Rice Bran And Corn Fraction With Pleurotus Ostreatus On Fiber Fraction And Digestion Of Dry Matter, Organic Matter, And Crude Protein, Yuliaty Nur, Arfa`I Arfa`I

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Lemongrass waste can be used as an alternative feed to replace grass for ruminant livestock, but it has a high crude fiber content. Therefore, it is necessary to handle and process lemongrass waste. This study examines the effect of inoculum dose and fermentation time of lemongrass waste (Cymbopogon nardus) with Pleurotus ostreatus on fiber fraction, dry matter digestibility, organic matter, crude protein. The research method is a randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments of lemongrass waste with rice bran and corn shards and 3 replications as a group. The inoculum dose is 6%, 9% and 12% and …

Eco-Friendly Feed Migration: Quality Of Local Broiler Finisher Pellets With Natural Adhesives, Desy Widianingrum, Ahmad Zamzami, Roni Yulianto, Nur Widodo

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Penggunaan bahan pengikat sintetik pada pakan pelet dianggap mahal, sehingga mendorong pencarian alternatif yang lebih ekonomis dan mudah didapat dari sumber alami yang melimpah di Indonesia. Tepung sagu, tepung tapioka, dan molase diidentifikasi sebagai bahan alami yang kaya akan pati dan energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas pakan pelet dengan menggunakan bahan pengikat yang berbeda berdasarkan sifat fisik dan nilai gizinya. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan: PO: Pelet broiler finisher komersial, P1: Ransum broiler finisher + tepung tapioka 2%, P2: Ransum broiler finisher+ 2% molase, dan P3: Ransum broiler finisher+ 2% tepung sagu , masing-masing dengan 10 …

Physico-Chemical And Energy Properties Of Biomass Briquettes Composed From Dairy Cow Feces And Coffee Ground With Tapioca Flour Addition, Alya Rahmaisyanti, Ahmad Sofyan, Marina Sulistyati, Yuli Astuti Hidayati

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Cow feces is the rest of the digestive process of the livestock body, while coffee grounds are the rest of coffee brewing, and both are organic materials with fixed carbon that can be utilized as fuel. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of coffee grounds in processing dairy cow feces into briquettes on physical properties (color, texture, density), chemical properties (moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), and energy value (calorific value, temperature, flame duration). This research method is experimental, with four treatments, each consisting of five repetitions. The treatments in …

Optimizing Broiler Chickens Performance With Boiled Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Seed Meal-Based Diets: A Sustainable Solution, A. Saleh, I. Suleiman, H. Muhammad, Z. Dankoli

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

The research explored the use of boiled sunflower seed meal (BSSM) as sustainable feed alternative for broiler chickens, evaluating its impact on their growth and development thereby reducing the industry’s reliance on resource-intensive feed ingredients. One hundred and fifty unsexed Ross broiler chicks were used for the study. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design (CRD) in which BSSM were incorporated in the diets at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%, coded as Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Each treatment comprised of 3 replicates of 10 birds. Birds were housed in floor pens containing wood …

The Effect Of Additioning Microencapsulation Products Of Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda Citrifolia Linn) In The Ration On The Performance Of Developer Phase Sentul Chickens, Faisal Tanjung, Tuti Widyastuti, Wiwin Tanwiriah

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

This study aims to determine the effect of adding microencapsulated noni fruit extract (MEBM) to the feed on the feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and sexual maturity age of Sentul phase developer chickens. The research was conducted from July to September 2023 at the Test Farm of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry Padjadjaran University. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were five types of treatments, namely, P0 = basal ration without the addition of MEBM, P1 = basal ration + 50 mg/kg zinc bacitracin, P2 = basal ration + 75 mg/kg MEBM, P3 = …

Adding Green And Black Teas In A Rice Straw-Based Sheep Diet Improves In Vitro Dry Matter Degradability Without Affecting Gas Production And Ph, Diky Ramdani, Abdul Chaudhry

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Rice straw (RS) is widely available in South East Asia and it can be used as a source of fibres for ruminant animals. However, RS has poor palatability and nutritional values. Thus, the use of concentrate (CON) as a dietary supplement is required to increase the utilisation of RS. Green (GT) and black (BT) teas can act as natural dietary additives in a CON. This study evaluated nutrient compositions of the diet ingredients and the impact of supplementing GT and BT in a rice straw-based sheep diet on in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD), total gas production (TGP) and pH …

The Effect Of Closed House Cage Density On Microclimate Of Broiler Chickens, Jajat Zakaria, Nabila Rifianda, Tuti Widjastuti, Mansyur Mansyur

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

The microclimate in the cage plays an important role in broiler productivity. Productivity is influenced by a good environment so that production will be maximized. The research was conducted in March-April 2023 in Pinggirsari Village, Arjasari District, Bandung Regency. The samples used were 52,500 broiler chickens of the Cobb CP 707 strain aged 0-32 days whose temperature, humidity, CO₂ levels and NH₃ levels in the cage were calculated. The cage used in this research is a closed house cage measuring 12x90 m divided into 6 partitions measuring 12 x 15 m, with each partition equipped with a feeding …

Correlation Between Socio Economic Characteristic And Entrepreneur’S Motivation Of Dairy Goat Farmers With Dairy Goat Business Sustainability, Lilis Nurlina, Hasni Arief, Unang Yunasaf, Marina Sulistyati

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research were to study : (1) socio economic characteristic of dairy goat farmers; (2) entrepreneur’s motivation of dairy goat farmers; (3) dairy goat sustainability business; (4) dairy goat farmer’s strategy to business sustainability; ( (5) correlation between socio economic characteristic and entrepreuneur motivation farmer with dairy goat business sustainability. The research used mix method, there were quantitative and qualitative approach. Respondents of this research were 15 dairy goat farmers, that are variants from small scale business, medium and big scale. The result of this research showed that : (1) characteristic socio economic of dairy goat …

Identification Of Worm Parasites In Beef Cattle Feces In The Village Nangka Bay, Kubu Raya District, Yeti Rohayeti, Dela Heraini, Imam Subhi

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Beef cattle are meat-producing cattle used for fulfilling and improving people's nutrition. The increase in the beef cattle population in Indonesia has not fully met the demand for meat nationally due to the low productivity of local livestock. Low livestock productivity can occur due to livestock health factors, one of them being caused by worm parasites infection. This disease causes economic loss, resulting in lower growth and weight gain, and can lead to death. A qualitative examination, stool test is needed for a qualitative examination to identify gastrointestinal parasites in livestock, especially the type and degree of infection. This study …

Study Of The Implementation Of Health Management For Pig Breeding In Cv Roku, Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara, Korbinianus Rinca, Roselin Gultom, Maria Luju, Yohana Febrizki Bollyn

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

The application of health management is a determining factor for the success of a pig farm business. This research was conducted to find out the implementation of pig health management in CV. Roku, Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. The data used in this research was secondary data. The secondary data was reconfirmed to the owner using the direct interview method using questionnaires. Secondary data that has been confirmed using the interview method, was then analyzed descriptively. The practice of health management studied was the application of medication, biosecurity, and vaccination to gilts, sows, and piglets. The results of the study showed …

Differences In Characteristics And Income Of Duck Farming In Sukra And Sindang Districts, Indramayu Regency, Linda Herlina, Cecep Firmansyah, Khansa Salsabilah

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract

Duck is one of the commodities breeders rely on in Indramayu Regency as a source of income to support the farmer's family expenses. Two areas became the basis for providing duck products in Indramayu Regency: Sukra District and Sindang District. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the average characteristics of the breeder's variables consisting of livestock experience, age, number of family members out of the farmer, distance to marketing centers, farmer expenses, duck farming costs, duck farming revenue, and farmer income (per head per year). The method used was a survey with 100 farmers …

Edible Coating Chitosan As An Antimicrobial In The Thawing Process Of Frozen Broiler Chicken Carcasses With Different Shelf Life, Yusni Tampubolon, Zakiyah Nasution, Erin Alawiyah

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

This study aims to determine the amount of chitosan edible coating concentration best used as antimicrobial during the thawing process of frozen broiler chicken carcass in different shelf lives. This study used a completely randomized factorial design (RALF) which consisted of two factors, namely factor 1: differences in shelf life (1, 2, and 3 months) and factor 2: concentration of chitosan edible coating (0.1 %, 1.5%) with 12 treatments and five replications. The total microbial count, pH, percentage of drip loss, and cooking losses of each sample were evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using Two Way Analysis of …

Ekstrak Asam Kandis (Garcinia Xanthochymus) Sebagai Alternatif Growth Promotor Pada Ayam Broiler, Tania Adila, Aenyfatchu Rohmah, Nurul Shoimah, Widya Hermana

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Ayam broiler merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Para peternak pun berupaya meningkatkan produktivitas ayam broiler misalnya dengan imbuhan pakan antibiotic growth promotor (AGP). AGP digunakan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan ternak, meningkatkan ketersediaan lemak dan protein ayam, serta meningkatkan efisiensi pakan. Namun AGP dalam pakan sudah dilarang penggunaannya, sehingga perlu adanya alternatif imbuhan pakan seperti acidifier. Acidifier ini dapat mengontrol mikroflora dalam pencernaan. Acidifier yang umum digunakan yaitu asam sitrat. Hidroksisitrat (HCA) merupakan turunan dari asam sitrat dan telah ditemukan sebagai asam utama dalam asam kandis (Garcinia xanthochymus). Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2020 …

Pengaruh Pemaparan Gas Ozon Terhadap Kadar Air, Lignin, Selulosa Dan Hemiselulosa Pada Azolla Pinnata, Ari Moris, Muhammad Nur, Hendi Setyatwan, Iwan Setiawan

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Azolla pinnata memiliki protein berkisar antara 25%-30% sehingga berpotensi dijadikan bahan pakan untuk ruminansia, unggas maupun ikan. Kandungan serat kasar yang cukup tinggi mencapai 20% menjadi penghambat kecernaan nutrien. Gas ozon dikenal sebagai senyawa oksidatif yang dan mampu mengurai struktur lignin menjadi asam maleat dan asam oksalat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemaparan gas ozon terhadap kadar air, lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada Azolla pinnata. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar air, lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Perlakuan ozon yang digunakan adalah durasi pemaparan 0 menit …

Penggunaan Tepung Terigu Dan Tepung Tapioka Pada Nugget Hati Ayam Dan Nugget Hati Sapi, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Salsabila Gusmaryani, Nadhira Fasha, Herly Evanuarini

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Penelitian tentang penggunaan tepung terigu dan tepung tapioka pada nugget hati ayam dan hati sapi bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas nugget hati ditinjau dari kadar lemak, energi, kolesterol, vitamin A, kadar karbohidrat dan mutu organoleptik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Pola Tersarang dengan perlakuan 2 jenis hati dan 2 jenis tepung yang tersarang pada jenis hati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan lemak tertinggi terdapat pada nugget hati ayam dengan penggunaan tepung terigu sebesar 17,73%, sedangkan yang paling rendah adalah nugget hati sapi dengan penggunaan tepung tapioka sebesar 16,07%. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan nilai energi 3,451,00 …

Hubungan Konsumsi Protein Kasar Terhadap Total Protein Darah Dan Kandungan Protein Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa (Pe), Imelda Siska, Yoshi Lia Anggrayni1

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk melihat berapa konsumsi protein kasar dari pakan, kadar protein dari darah dan kandungan protein dalam susu serta keeratan hubungan antara ketiganya. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada peternakan Kambing Peranakan Ettawa PT. Boncah Utama Farm pada tanggal 1 November sampai dengan 15 Desember 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan jumlah 20 ekor kambing Peranakan Ettawa laktasi. Data konsumsi protein diambil setiap hari dari konsumsi pakan ternak. Analisis darah dan protein susu dilakukan tiga kali, yaitu awal penelitian, pertengahan dan akhir penelitian. Data yang didapat dianalisis secara deskriptif, hubungan keeratan model dengan korelasi dan persamaan hubungan dengan …

Pengaruh Penambahan Probiotik Heryaki Dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa Produksi Dan Kolesterol Telur Puyuh Padjadjaran, Ilham Effendi, Iwan Setiawan, Hery Supratman

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Penggunaan probiotik Heryaki dalam penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruhnya dalam performa produksi dan kadar kolesterol telur puyuh Padjadjaran. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan enam perlakuan dengan empat kali ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdapat 7 ekor puyuh. Perlakuan diberikan dengan P₀ = pakan 100% (full feed) tanpa penambahan probiotik, P₁ = pakan 100% (full feed) + 0,1% probiotik, P₂ = pakan 100% (full feed) + 0,2% probiotik, P₃ = pakan 80% dari full feed tanpa penambahan probiotik, P₄ = pakan 80% dari full feed + 0,1% probiotik, P₅ = pakan …

Potential Of Banana Plant Waste As Animal Feed, Yanuartono Yanuartono, Alfarisa Nururrozi, Indarjulianto Soedarmanto, Dhasia Ramandani

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract

The availability of forage feed is one of the factors that greatly influences the success of ruminant livestock businesses. However, forage will be difficult to obtain during the dry season so that feed is generally replaced from various agricultural wastes such as rice straw, stover or corn straw and other crop wastes. At present the use of banana plant waste as animal feed varies greatly from each banana producing country. Banana by-products such as leaves, young plants, rejected fruit and stems can be used as a source of ruminant animal feed. Although the volume of banana plant waste is …