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The Combining Effect Of Inclination Angle, Aspect Ratio And Thermal Loading On The Dynamic Response Of Clamped-Clamped Pipe Conveying Fluid, Jabbar Mohmmed, Mauwafak Tawfik, Qasim Atiyah Mar 2026

The Combining Effect Of Inclination Angle, Aspect Ratio And Thermal Loading On The Dynamic Response Of Clamped-Clamped Pipe Conveying Fluid, Jabbar Mohmmed, Mauwafak Tawfik, Qasim Atiyah

Engineering and Technology Journal

The investigation of the vibration of pipes containing flowing fluid is very essential to obtain an understanding of their dynamic behavior and prevent their catastrophic failure due to fatigue. Pipelines are subjected to environmental static and dynamic loading including self-weight, restoring, and Carioles forces. This research aims to investigate the vibrations of pipeline structures for examining their structural integrity under these conditions. A linear Euler-Bernoulli beam model is used to analyze the dynamic response of flexible, inclined, and fixed ends pipe conveying fluid made of polypropylene random-copolymer. Closed-form expression for dynamic response is presented by using combining of finite Fourier …


Corn Oil Performance’S A Bio Cooling Fluid In Electric Distribution Transformer, Ahmed Khudhair, Mohammed Jabal, Samar Ismail Mar 2026

Corn Oil Performance’S A Bio Cooling Fluid In Electric Distribution Transformer, Ahmed Khudhair, Mohammed Jabal, Samar Ismail

Engineering and Technology Journal

Biodegradable (Vegetable) fluids are considered as environmentally friendly fluids and possess an abundant benefit, they are wildly available by means of renewable sources compared to different kinds of mineral-oil.  Given the occurrence of environmental pollution and health problems from mineral oils.  This paper investigates the effect of utilizing the corn oil for the cooling performing features of distribution electric transformer, and making a comparison with the cooling performance of the electric transformer whith cooling by the commercial mineral fluid. This investigation is done by using the four- ball machine and electric transformers. Each experiment that was executed complies with ASTM …


Elevated Temperature Corrosion Of Mechanical Properties And Fatigue Life Of 7025 Aluminum Alloy, Mohammed Alwan, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Ghada Aziz Mar 2026

Elevated Temperature Corrosion Of Mechanical Properties And Fatigue Life Of 7025 Aluminum Alloy, Mohammed Alwan, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Ghada Aziz

Engineering and Technology Journal

Aluminum alloys are widely used in aircraft industry where good corrosion resistance, light weight and high strength are the primary requirements. In the present study, attempts have been made to extend the application of mechanical and fatigue properties of AA7025 in laboratory with corrosive environment of media and combined corrosive at elevated temperature (ET) 150⁰C. The experimental results and analysis of corrosion and corrosion - elevated temperature mechanical and fatigue behavior of the samples showed that the 3.5%NaCl corrosive media and corrosion - elevated temperature (ET) greatly decrease the properties mentioned. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Yield stress YS …


Thermal Performance Of An Evacuated-Tube Solar Collector Using Nanofluids And An Electrical Curtain Controlled By An Artificial Intelligence Technique, Hussam Rashid, Khalid Sultan, Hosham Anead Mar 2026

Thermal Performance Of An Evacuated-Tube Solar Collector Using Nanofluids And An Electrical Curtain Controlled By An Artificial Intelligence Technique, Hussam Rashid, Khalid Sultan, Hosham Anead

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper studies the improvement of an evacuated tube solar collectors(ETSCs) performance in two way. The first is by adding a finned electronic curtain in front of the solar collector. While the second is by using a nanofluid instead of pure water. The purpose of the curtain is to increase the amount of solar radiation reflected toward the collector. The curtain is distinguished by its self-ability to track the sun's rays automatically. The electronic curtain is also closed to shade the tubes depending on the movement of the electronic curtain's fins and the nanofluid's temperatures. MATLAB algorithm has been used …


Mitigating Uas Airspace Risks Through Policy Innovation, Christopher Daniel Sidor Mar 2026

Mitigating Uas Airspace Risks Through Policy Innovation, Christopher Daniel Sidor

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, have become an everyday part of our lives. Once a technology reserved for the defense industry, UAS are now widely available and affordable in the commercial market. These systems have been used for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions, route mapping, and kinetic deployment of munitions. In modern warfare, drones have been at the forefront, leveraging new tactics, techniques, and procedures to enhance lethality and destruction. The integration of fiber-optic (FO) connected drones, first-person view (FPV) technology, and 3D printed munition-dropping devices in particular demonstrates a dire need for legislative intervention. These …


The Wildlife Intelligence For Aviation Safety (Wild-Ai), Bao Khoa Tran Mar 2026

The Wildlife Intelligence For Aviation Safety (Wild-Ai), Bao Khoa Tran

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

Wildlife strikes pose a significant safety risk and economic burden to the aviation industry. Over 291,000 strikes have been reported in the U.S. since 1990, causing an estimated $248 million in annual losses. The Wild-AI (Wildlife Intelligence for Aviation Safety) project leverages cutting-edge technologies, including large language models (LLMs), machine learning (ML), explainable AI (XAI), and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) imagery, to enhance wildlife hazard management at airports. Wild-AI transforms traditional Wildlife Hazard Assessments (WHAs) by integrating advanced data analytics and UAV monitoring. By utilizing historical wildlife-strike data and ML algorithms, we will identify key predictors of damaging strikes, such …


Full Issue Mar 2026

Full Issue

Newsletter of the Jussi Björling Societies of the USA & UK

No abstract provided.


Jussi Björling Societies Planning To Sponsor New Release Of The 1952 Classic Rca Recording Of Il Trovatore In Outstanding Sound, John H. Haley Mar 2026

Jussi Björling Societies Planning To Sponsor New Release Of The 1952 Classic Rca Recording Of Il Trovatore In Outstanding Sound, John H. Haley

Newsletter of the Jussi Björling Societies of the USA & UK

The Jussi Björling Societies and I are pleased to announce plans for an upcoming new sponsored release that will be available by November 2023 exclusively through the Societies (ordering details to be provided soon). This release is being prepared through High Definition Tape Transfers (HDTT), a Canadian label, sourced on a very rare reel-to-reel tape release of this recording, which I am restoring. The tape source appears to be much closer to the master tape than all other releases through the years, and it has extraordinary sound quality, such that this new release will sound substantially better than any prior …


Arachne V8.7: Multi‑Modal Energy‑Harvesting Smart‑Skin With Hierarchical Fractal Morphology, Distributed Mis Interface, And Integrated Structural‑Health Monitoring, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr. Mar 2026

Arachne V8.7: Multi‑Modal Energy‑Harvesting Smart‑Skin With Hierarchical Fractal Morphology, Distributed Mis Interface, And Integrated Structural‑Health Monitoring, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

Arachne v8.7 is a multi‑modal “Smart‑Skin” substrate designed for distributed, durable energy harvesting. The system integrates a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) layer, a thermoelectric SnSe layer, and a ZnO nanowire kinetic layer beneath a hierarchical fractal surface engineered to enhance boundary‑layer turbulence. A separated NS‑DBD plasma‑electrode PCB provides surface‑conditioning and environmental robustness. A 6‑pin Magnetic‑Inductive Snap (MIS) interface enables modular power routing, environmental telemetry, and activation of a UV‑curable DCPD‑PDMS self‑healing layer. Embedded fiber‑optic strain sensors provide real‑time structural‑health data for the APR AI predictive‑maintenance engine. This disclosure defines the system architecture, materials, electrical interface, sensing logic, and functional principles required …


The Caldwell Method: A Multi‑Ai, Safety‑First Framework For Real‑World, Open‑Hardware Invention, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr. Mar 2026

The Caldwell Method: A Multi‑Ai, Safety‑First Framework For Real‑World, Open‑Hardware Invention, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Caldwell Method is a human‑driven, AI‑augmented invention framework developed by independent inventor Michael Victor Caldwell Mr. (GCI). The method uses four to five independent artificial intelligence systems to evaluate, correct, and validate every invention concept before publication. Each AI must independently analyze physics, materials, manufacturability, safety, cost, and real‑world viability. Any flaw identified by one AI is circulated to all others through a cross‑AI correction loop until all systems converge on the same factual answer. An invention only advances when all AIs unanimously confirm feasibility and safety.

This process ensures that no half‑validated or speculative ideas are released. …


Unitary Lattice Harmonic Pinning: A Method For Stabilizing High-Density Lithium-Rich Manganese Cathodes Via Vacuum-Constant Synchronization, Quincy Allen Jones Mar 2026

Unitary Lattice Harmonic Pinning: A Method For Stabilizing High-Density Lithium-Rich Manganese Cathodes Via Vacuum-Constant Synchronization, Quincy Allen Jones

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a novel structural architecture for high-density (>500 Wh/kg) lithium-rich manganese (LMR) oxide cathodes, specifically addressing the industry-wide failure of voltage fade and transition-metal migration. The invention utilizes a Unitary Lattice Spacing (d) of 12.34 Å, engineered to achieve a harmonic resonance with the vacuum spin-alignment constant (R_{crp} \approx 7.589 Å).

By synchronizing the lattice modulation to the R_{crp} value, the system creates a 'Harmonic Pinning' effect that suppresses Jahn-Teller distortion and Mn-migration into the lithium layer. Unlike traditional chemical coatings or dopants, this method employs a purely structural 'Zero-Strain' phase, validated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak …


Integration Of Live Network Knowledge Graphs With Rag For Enhanced Ai-Driven Network Operations, Robert Barton, Vishal S Desai Mar 2026

Integration Of Live Network Knowledge Graphs With Rag For Enhanced Ai-Driven Network Operations, Robert Barton, Vishal S Desai

Defensive Publications Series

Proposed herein are techniques to enhance an agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform by integrating a dynamic, on-premises network topology knowledge graph with a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) system through graph-based techniques. Unlike traditional text-based RAG, the approach segments the network topology into semantically meaningful subgraphs called topology chunks, which are embedded into a vector space for efficient similarity search and retrieval based on user queries. These retrieved topology chunks then augment the prompts that can be sent to an agentic AI platform's large language model (LLM), enabling precise, context-aware reasoning about complex network environments.


Technical Addendum: Sp-26 (V2.1) – The Neural Sentry Protocol (Nmj-Sequestration Standard), Jon S. Gossett Mar 2026

Technical Addendum: Sp-26 (V2.1) – The Neural Sentry Protocol (Nmj-Sequestration Standard), Jon S. Gossett

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure defines a hardware-centric addendum to the SP-26 Protocol, specifically addressing the neutralization of neurotropic agents that bypass systemic immune sentries via axonal transport. The protocol specifies the engineering of "Neural-Sentry" units—specialized macrophages anchored at the Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ). These units express interface-mimetic receptors (nAChR/p75NTR) to act as decoy "Ghost Neurons," intercepting pathogens before they can enter the peripheral nervous system. Neutralization is achieved through a two-stage sequence: (1) immediate enzymatic degradation within a Synthetic Virus-Containing Compartment (S-VCC) and (2) secondary solid-state petrification into a 200nm amorphous silica shell. This "Physical Firewall" ensures that high-velocity neuro-pathogens are mechanically entombed …


Generative Synthesis Of Web Environments With Controllable Difficulty And Integrated Validation For Agent Training, Oriana Riva, Alice Li Mar 2026

Generative Synthesis Of Web Environments With Controllable Difficulty And Integrated Validation For Agent Training, Oriana Riva, Alice Li

Defensive Publications Series

Generative Synthesis of Web Environments with Controllable Difficulty and Integrated Validation for Agent Training

ABSTRACT

Training and evaluating computer control agents may be challenging due to limitations in the availability of large-scale, diverse, and controllable digital environments. Existing methods can have limitations related to scalability, reproducibility, and the ability to parameterize task difficulty. A described framework can utilize generative models, such as large language models, to synthesize functional, web-based environments. The framework can generate source code for an environment (e.g., HTML, CSS, JavaScript), a corresponding natural language task description, and a validation function to programmatically assess task completion. This approach …


Gci Omni‑Life V5.1: Vortex–Acoustic Catheter Architecture Using Helical Ultrasonic Arrays And Bernoulli‑Driven J‑Groove Manifolds, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr. Mar 2026

Gci Omni‑Life V5.1: Vortex–Acoustic Catheter Architecture Using Helical Ultrasonic Arrays And Bernoulli‑Driven J‑Groove Manifolds, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes the GCI Omni‑Life v5.1 architecture, a catheter‑scale system integrating a helical 1.8 MHz ultrasonic emitter array with a J‑groove Bernoulli manifold engineered to generate a controlled laminar vortex flow field within a confined lumen. The design combines vortex‑induced rotational flow (Re < 2000), circumferential acoustic field distribution, and embedded sensing nodes to support real‑time monitoring of flow, vibration, and acoustic output.

The architecture explores how vortex–acoustic coupling may improve energy distribution, reduce stagnation zones, and enhance fluid‑structure interaction control in micro‑scale conduits. Key components include the Vortex Manifold (#18/#118), Orbitronic Helical Array (#75), and Sensor Integration Nodes (#14/#122).

The system is released as open hardware under the CERN‑OHL‑P v2 license to support global research in microfluidics, acoustic …


Gci #121 V5.0: Closed‑Loop Regenerative Revascularization System Integrating Acoustic Vortex Dynamics, Real‑Time Imr Feedback, And Mitochondrial Payload Synchronization, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr. Mar 2026

Gci #121 V5.0: Closed‑Loop Regenerative Revascularization System Integrating Acoustic Vortex Dynamics, Real‑Time Imr Feedback, And Mitochondrial Payload Synchronization, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes GCI #121 v5.0, a multi‑modal engineering system for intravascular obstruction removal and regenerative payload delivery. The system integrates several previously unreleased GCI inventions into a unified closed‑loop architecture called Closed‑Loop Regenerative Revascularization (CLRR). The design combines: (1) Acoustic vortex thrombolysis using a laminar‑helical manifold (GCI #118) and a multi‑element ultrasound array (GCI #75) to generate controlled vortex flow and acoustic energy without mechanical rotation; (2) Real‑time microvascular sensing using a fiber‑optic IMR feedback loop (GCI #14) enhanced by a quantum‑tunneling bio‑impedance switch (GCI #122) to maintain sensing accuracy during debris load; and (3) Synchronized biological …


Context-Aware Spoiler Free Search Assistant For Media Content, Nikita Agarwal Mar 2026

Context-Aware Spoiler Free Search Assistant For Media Content, Nikita Agarwal

Defensive Publications Series

The disclosed technology may prevent the disclosure of spoilers when a user performs a media content related search. The media content related search may be for media content that includes seasons or years of episodes of a television series, multiple movies in a collection or series of movies, or multiple related books in a book series included in a digital library of digital books. For example, standard search engines and digital assistants may provide exhaustive information for a media content related search that is obtained from a knowledge graph for the media content. The information provided by the media content …


Synthesis And Characterization Of Transition Metal Carbide (Max) And Mxene Nanoflakes For Energy Storage And [email protected], Srikanth Ragunath B Mr Mar 2026

Synthesis And Characterization Of Transition Metal Carbide (Max) And Mxene Nanoflakes For Energy Storage And [email protected], Srikanth Ragunath B Mr

Theses and Dissertations

Rapid growth in population and industrialization created a huge demand for superior energy storage devices. Thus, the researchers are in constant search of developing exotic materials towards energy harvesting and storage devices. Batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells received a great attention to meet the global demand for energy storage. Among them, supercapacitors are widely preferred as energy storage devices due to higher power density, longer cycle life, and fast charging. The performance of the supercapacitors highly depends on the choice of electrode materials and electrolyte.

Recently, “MXenes”  a new class of layered a new class of layered a new …


Cv: Colleen Hanlon (Physical Therapy), Colleen Hanlon Mar 2026

Cv: Colleen Hanlon (Physical Therapy), Colleen Hanlon

Rehabilitation Sciences Department Curricula Vitae

No abstract provided.


Study Shows Spiral Sound Can Shift Sideways, Clara Turnage Mar 2026

Study Shows Spiral Sound Can Shift Sideways, Clara Turnage

University of Mississippi News

OXFORD, Miss. – A new University of Mississippi study shows that some sound waves don't just move forward – they also move slightly to the side. Understanding this movement could help researchers develop more precise acoustic tools.


On The Origins Of Modern East Asia: Knowledge And The Economic Transformation Of Japan And China In The Late 19th Century, Debin Ma, Jared Rubin, Weiwen Yin Mar 2026

On The Origins Of Modern East Asia: Knowledge And The Economic Transformation Of Japan And China In The Late 19th Century, Debin Ma, Jared Rubin, Weiwen Yin

ESI Working Papers

This paper revisits the old thesis of the contrasting paths of modernization between Japan and China. It develops a new analytical framework regarding the role of knowledge acquisition (propositional vs. prescriptive) and political centralization as the key drivers behind these contrasting paths. Our model and historical data highlight how the introduction of these elements contributed to Meiji Japan’s decisive turn towards the West and Qing China’s lethargic response to Western imperialism. Our analytical framework, developed from a comparative historical narrative and quantitative data, sheds new light on the importance of knowledge acquisition in enabling developing countries to reach the world’s …


Towards Sustainable Energy Storage: Evaluating The Performance Of Three Polymer Electrolytes For Zinc-Ion Batteries, Roya Rajabi, Shichen Sun, Buke Wu, Jamil A. Khan, Kevin Huang Mar 2026

Towards Sustainable Energy Storage: Evaluating The Performance Of Three Polymer Electrolytes For Zinc-Ion Batteries, Roya Rajabi, Shichen Sun, Buke Wu, Jamil A. Khan, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

Polymer electrolytes have been explored as an alternative to conventional aqueous electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries, particularly for flexible and wearable applications. Despite the increasing interest in polymer electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), their development is still in its early stages due to various challenges. In this study, we investigated three promising polymer electrolytes: CSAM (carboxyl methyl chitosan with acrylamide monomer), PAM (polyacrylamide monomer hydrogel electrolyte), and p-PBI (phosphate-doped polybenzimidazole solid electrolyte) with Zn(ClO4)2 and Zn(OTf)2, as electrolytes for zinc-ion batteries. The p-PBI solid electrolyte showed high mechanical stability and improved resistance to short-circuiting during cycling. The presence of carboxyl groups in …


Insights From Ai Tutors In Undergraduate And Graduate Engineering Courses, Billy Kihei, Sheila Hill, Sumit Chakravarty Mar 2026

Insights From Ai Tutors In Undergraduate And Graduate Engineering Courses, Billy Kihei, Sheila Hill, Sumit Chakravarty

Proceedings of the Cognitive Innovation Conference (CognoCon)

As large language models become broadly accessible, questions about how to integrate them productively into engineering education have moved from speculative to urgent. This paper presents the design rationale and early deployment experience of 247officehours.com, a faculty-created, faculty-managed platform that grounds AI tutoring in instructor-selected course materials and connects it to assessment, engagement tracking, and targeted instructional intervention. Drawing on deployment across undergraduate and graduate engineering courses, we describe six core platform features, analyze how student interactions map onto Bloom's revised taxonomy, and identify recurring patterns of productive and unproductive AI use. A tutor–tutee inversion activity, in which students must …


Candidate Generative Ai Use In Pre‐Hire Employment Assessments: Self‐Reported Incidence And The Impact Of Warnings, Chet Robie, Timothy G. Wingate, Nataliya Baytalskaya, Hilary Butera Mar 2026

Candidate Generative Ai Use In Pre‐Hire Employment Assessments: Self‐Reported Incidence And The Impact Of Warnings, Chet Robie, Timothy G. Wingate, Nataliya Baytalskaya, Hilary Butera

Business Faculty Publications

The rapid rise of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) poses new challenges for the validity and fairness of pre‐hire employment assessments. Across two applied studies using large applicant samples completing a standardized pre‐hire assessment (which includes both cognitive and non‐cognitive components), we examined the self‐reported incidence of GenAI assistance, and the impact of warning statements designed to deter such behavior. In Study 1 (N = 5675), conducted in Q3 2024, fewer than 3% of applicants reported using GenAI, though up to 19% reported using GenAI in combination with algorithmic resources (e.g., search engines). All three warning statements (consequences, educational, and reasoning) …


Vol. 70, No. 9 (March 9, 2026) Mar 2026

Vol. 70, No. 9 (March 9, 2026)

Indiana Law Annotated

No abstract provided.


Innovation Hub Marks Five Years, University Of Dayton Mar 2026

Innovation Hub Marks Five Years, University Of Dayton

News Releases

After a bold vision in the abandoned Dayton Arcade, The Hub Powered by PNC is a 100,000-square-foot innovation center where 200 businesses and 550 University of Dayton students connect, create and launch what’s next.


Radiv2: An Adaptable And Versatile Diagenetic Model For Coastal And Open-Ocean Sediments, Hinne F. Van Der Zant, Olivier Sulpis, Jack J. Middelburg, Matthew P. Humphreys, Raphaël Savelli, Dustin Carroll, Dimitris Menemenlis, Kay Sušelj, Vincent Le Fouest Mar 2026

Radiv2: An Adaptable And Versatile Diagenetic Model For Coastal And Open-Ocean Sediments, Hinne F. Van Der Zant, Olivier Sulpis, Jack J. Middelburg, Matthew P. Humphreys, Raphaël Savelli, Dustin Carroll, Dimitris Menemenlis, Kay Sušelj, Vincent Le Fouest

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Ocean biogeochemistry is being altered by anthropogenic processes such as warming, acidification, eutrophication, and deoxygenation. Global-ocean biogeochemistry models are essential for investigating present and projecting future conditions, yet they often lack detailed representations of seafloor processes, despite the seafloor’s important role in material exchange between the biosphere and geosphere. To improve the representation of exchange across the sediment-water interface, we present RADIv2, a flexible and computationally efficient diagenetic model designed to simulate benthic biogeochemical processes across a range of marine environments, from coastal zones to abyssal plains. RADIv2 incorporates key features such as benthic methane cycling, a hydrodynamically controlled diffusive …


Re: Conditional Approval Letter With Comments For The Draft Final 2026 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Anselmo Mine Yard Development Plan (Dated February 25, 2026), Molly Roby Mar 2026

Re: Conditional Approval Letter With Comments For The Draft Final 2026 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Anselmo Mine Yard Development Plan (Dated February 25, 2026), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


Measuring What Matters: Specifications Grading And Latin* Students’ Mathematics Identity, Luis Miguel Fernández, Mayra Ortiz Galarza, Cristina Villalobos, Martha Asare Mar 2026

Measuring What Matters: Specifications Grading And Latin* Students’ Mathematics Identity, Luis Miguel Fernández, Mayra Ortiz Galarza, Cristina Villalobos, Martha Asare

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

This study examined Specifications Grading, an alternative grading system emphasizing clearly defined learning outcomes and revision, and mathematics identity among 846 Latin* Calculus I students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Mathematics identity, comprising competence/performance, recognition, and interest, was measured at the beginning and end of the semester. Repeated-measures analyses indicated stable competence/performance and recognition alongside declines in interest. Specifications Grading was associated with increased mathematics identity, and multilingual students experienced smaller declines than their peers overall.

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Este estudio examinó la calificación por especificaciones, un sistema de evaluación alternativo que enfatiza resultados de aprendizaje claramente definidos y oportunidades estructuradas de revisión, …


Crow's Nest, March 9, 2026, Crow's Nest Staff Mar 2026

Crow's Nest, March 9, 2026, Crow's Nest Staff

Crow's Nest

The March 9, 2026 issue of Crow's Nest.