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Articles 197731 - 197760 of 1108835
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Computational Investigation Of Energy Dissipation Through Progressive Failure In Tailored Composite Structures Via Explicit Finite Element Analysis, Anirudh Srinivas
Computational Investigation Of Energy Dissipation Through Progressive Failure In Tailored Composite Structures Via Explicit Finite Element Analysis, Anirudh Srinivas
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive
In this study, energy dissipation in structures implementing a previously developed, analytically modeled, and experimentally validated composite tailoring concept is investigated using an explicit finite element approach. The tailored composite structures consist in a series connection of parallel alternate load paths of tailored length and thickness. The advantage of the tailored structure when compared to an untailored conventional structure is that when subjected to a tensile load, the response of the tailored composite structure is characterized by progressive failure of the load paths resulting in increased energy dissipation. The tailored composite structure is modeled for IM7-8552 composite material using a …
Laminar Swept And Cross Shockwave/Boundary-Layer Interactions, Jiss Jacob Sebastian
Laminar Swept And Cross Shockwave/Boundary-Layer Interactions, Jiss Jacob Sebastian
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Shockwave/boundary-layer interactions are considered one of the most complex problems in high-speed gas dynamics, and numerous studies have been carried out for more than eighty years to understand the fundamental physics. A numerical study was performed using fin-plate configurations to study the three-dimensional swept and cross shockwave/ laminar boundary-layer interactions. All the interactions studied were strong enough for the boundary layer to separate. In the first part, swept shock interactions between a laminar boundary layer and the shockwave induced by a sharp fin mounted perpendicularly on a flat plate were studied. Different flow conditions were investigated at freestream Mach numbers …
Design, Operation And Maintenance Of Direct And Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems In Data Center Thermal Management, Ashwin Siddarth
Design, Operation And Maintenance Of Direct And Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems In Data Center Thermal Management, Ashwin Siddarth
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Evaporative cooling is an alternative data center cooling solution that presents significant energy cost savings in acquisition and operation when compared to conventional air conditioning and mechanical refrigeration systems. This research focuses on developing a deeper understanding in implementing, operating and maintaining evaporative cooling systems integrated with air-side economization to realize the energy savings potential in data center cooling. The goal of the research is to develop a comprehensive guide to assess and contrast different approaches of evaporative cooling being used in data center cooling and provide guidance in improving water and energy efficiency. An air handling unit (AHU) serves …
Assessment Of The Potential Of Self-Incorporation As A Solution To Roadway Maintenance In Texas Colonias, Moise Dzogolo
Assessment Of The Potential Of Self-Incorporation As A Solution To Roadway Maintenance In Texas Colonias, Moise Dzogolo
Public Affairs Theses - Archive
Colonias are communities that lack basic infrastructures such as water, sewer, and paved roads and that are located within 100 miles of the US-Mexico border. They are generally found in unincorporated areas, and the literature, as well as policy makers, have extensively called for their annexation as a solution to solve the infrastructure issues. This paper examines selfincorporation as an alternative to annexations as cities have consistently avoided colonias when they expand through annexation. The paper has two focuses. The first one consists of analyzing the economic and social aspects of a colonia to determine whether they resemble the ones …
Design Of Streamline-Traced Inlets And Their Integration With Rotating Detonation Engines, Malcolm Lee Branch
Design Of Streamline-Traced Inlets And Their Integration With Rotating Detonation Engines, Malcolm Lee Branch
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive
This thesis has two parts: 1) design of the streamline-traced inlets (STIs); and 2) integration of STIs with rotating detonation engines (RDEs). The STI design starts with a two-dimensional, isentropic compression flowfield as the parent flowfield. The method of characteristics was used to generate the flowfield throughout the entire STI. For a given flight altitude 18 km, freestream Mach number M?=3.0, and inlet exit-plane Mach number M?=1.2, a parametric sweep of the initial deflection angle ?1=4.0--11.0 deg and the Mach number at the entrance of the internal compression system M3=1.3--1.7 was performed to determine the STI performance sensitivity as a …
Haptic Interface Optimization For Virtual Anastomosis Surgery Training, Kangji Huang
Haptic Interface Optimization For Virtual Anastomosis Surgery Training, Kangji Huang
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive
Virtual anastomosis surgery study allows surgeons to perform or practice suturing in virtual reality using a commercial haptic device. The haptic device can generate force feedback so that the user can feel the real touch sensation of the object in virtual reality. The virtual anastomosis surgery study has two requirements which are that the haptic device must be fixed on the operating table and haptic device location must be suitable for different surgeons. The goal is to use a commercially available haptic device for this purpose, rather than design a new device for each possible surgery that must be performed. …
Design And Cfd Analysis Of Bimetallic Based Passive Dynamic Cold Plate For High Power Direct-To-Chip Liquid Cooling, Apurv Pravin Deshmukh
Design And Cfd Analysis Of Bimetallic Based Passive Dynamic Cold Plate For High Power Direct-To-Chip Liquid Cooling, Apurv Pravin Deshmukh
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive
Rising demand for high-performance chips results in the need for advanced and efficient cooling technologies like direct to chip liquid cooling. Cold plates based utilizing direct liquid cooling is one of the most efficient and the most investigated cooling technology since the 1980s. Major data services and cloud providers like IBM, Microsoft, and Google had already started a shift towards liquid-cooled data centers for their high computational servers. At the chip level nowadays, the processors are divided into several cores and each of these cores continuously works at varying computational demands. This creates a non-uniform heat distribution across the processor, …
Simulation Of A Soft Body Non-Grasp Manipulator Using A Spring-Mass-Damper Cloth Model, Cristian Almendariz
Simulation Of A Soft Body Non-Grasp Manipulator Using A Spring-Mass-Damper Cloth Model, Cristian Almendariz
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive
Simulation and modeling are well known and important tools in the field of robotics, being used to validate design and in the development of robotic control systems. Traditionally, robotic systems have been primarily rigid body systems and used in well controlled environments where interactions are highly predictable, and exceptions are minimized. With the ever-increasing adoption of robotics in the medical field, typical robotic environments are becoming highly unpredictable and requiring the modeling and simulation of not only rigid body systems but soft systems and interactions between the two. This work addresses model improvement of a “soft and hard” robotic system …
Development Of Virtual Simulation For Evaluation Of Robotic Assistive Environment, Shubham Raosaheb Gunjal
Development Of Virtual Simulation For Evaluation Of Robotic Assistive Environment, Shubham Raosaheb Gunjal
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive
Robotics research in virtual simulation has the advantage of reduced testing time, verification of algorithms on different systems before implementation, and cost-saving. Today’s simulation softwares are capable of providing the physics of the simulation such as torque requirements of the joints which aid in the selection of appropriate hardware. In this research, Webots, an open-source physics-based simulation, and visualization software is evaluated and then used to study and evaluate the performance of two robotic systems for a robotic assistive environment for persons with upper limb disabilities. This includes a wheelchair, a table with objects, and two robotic arms attached to …
Investigating A Finite Element Model Updating Methodology For Characterizing Mechanical Properties Of Ncf Composites, Pasworn Chanchai
Investigating A Finite Element Model Updating Methodology For Characterizing Mechanical Properties Of Ncf Composites, Pasworn Chanchai
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive
Composite materials have been a key breakthrough in developing aircraft structures. Their superior strength and stiffness-to-density ratio, which are unmatched by no other materials, allow engineers to create high strength and ultra-lightweight aircraft structures. Recently, non-Crimp Fabric (NCF) composites have emerged as attractive alternatives to traditional autoclave pre-impregnated composites allowing for lower production costs, better handling and improved shelf life while maintaining excellent in-plane mechanical properties compared to other types of textile composites. NCF out-of-plane mechanical properties can also be enhanced by stitching a high tensile strength yarn throughout their entire laminate thickness, improving the resistance to delamination. However, stitch-reinforced …
Surface Modification Of Titanium By Electrolytic Plasma Processing And In-Vitro Studies, Wisanu Boonrawd
Surface Modification Of Titanium By Electrolytic Plasma Processing And In-Vitro Studies, Wisanu Boonrawd
Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Electrolytic plasma processing (EPP) can be operated in two modes, namely plasma electrolytic saturation (PES) and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). In this study, the PES was used to create hydrophilic surface profiles on titanium (Ti). The wettability, surface morphology characteristics and chemical composition of the treated samples were studied as a function of PES processing parameters. The PES profiled surfaces comprised of a characteristic “hills and valleys” morphology because of continuous surface melting and freezing cycles. A bimodal surface profile was produced with 2-3 µm height hills and valleys with nano-roughness (= 200 nm). The produced profile resulted in a …
Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticle Delivery Of Notch Intracellular Domain Plasmid To Restore Notch Signaling, Victoria L. Messerschmidt
Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticle Delivery Of Notch Intracellular Domain Plasmid To Restore Notch Signaling, Victoria L. Messerschmidt
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling system that is required for embryonic development and regeneration of organs. When the signal is lost, maldevelopment occurs and leads to a lethal state. Delivering exogenous genetic materials encoding Notch into cells can reestablish downstream signaling and rescue cellular functions. Here, we utilized the negatively charged and FDA approved polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) to encapsulate Notch Intracellular Domain-containing plasmid in nanoparticles. We show that primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) readily uptake the nanoparticles with and without specific antibody targets. We demonstrated in vitro that our nanoparticles are nontoxic, stable over time, and …
Utilizing Load Tests And Site Investigation Data To Predict Design Load Capacities For Drilled Shafts In Different Geologic Formations, Hosam Salman
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Precise predictions of the design capacities of drilled shafts on weak rock formations is vital for a better design of foundations. Irregularities in rock formations due to weathering cause discrepancies in actual bearing capacities and evaluating the bearing capacity typically requires frequent in-situ testing, using load test shafts at smaller intervals, which is time consuming and expensive. The typical design in Texas currently utilizes in-situ design charts that are developed based on Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) blow counts. This approach is found to have limitations related to maximum number of blows, rock characterization, and difficulty in incorporating influential parameters. Problematic …
Localized Treatment Of Malignant Melanoma Using A Modified Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Loaded With Temozolomide With Increased Safety Of Human Dermal Fibroblasts And The Mechanisms Behind The Effect, Joseph Wolf
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Melanoma pathophysiology is highly varied, and the initial cause of tumorigenesis is still unknown, but it is likely a combination of both epigenetic and genetic means. Further, melanoma tumors have one of the highest mutational burdens of all cancers and are largely composed of varied subpopulations within the same tumor. These two factors provide insight into why melanoma is so difficult to treat medicinally. Dacarbazine is the gold-standard of metastatic melanoma treatment, yet only has an overall response rate of 22% and no impact on survival. Temozolomide (TMZ), an analog of dacarbazine, is often viewed as a more ideal choice …
Evaluation Of A Personal Mobile Trainer System Designed For Facilitating Exercise Therapy For Traumatic Brain Injury Patients, Ahmad Fawzi G Turki
Evaluation Of A Personal Mobile Trainer System Designed For Facilitating Exercise Therapy For Traumatic Brain Injury Patients, Ahmad Fawzi G Turki
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
There are no effective pharmacological agents that can prevent or treat post-TBI cognitive deterioration. Previous research has shown that exercise can be an effective means of enhancing the patients condition with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, compliance with the prescribed exercise regimen has been low, as TBI patients often suffer from poor executive function and need assistance with complying with their prescribed exercise program. This study aims to design, build, and test a system based on a wearable exercise tracker to assist and encourage patients by facilitating doing the prescribed exercises at a place and time that is convenient …
Porcine Neonatal Heart Extracellular Matrix As A Regeneration Platform, Karla Perez
Porcine Neonatal Heart Extracellular Matrix As A Regeneration Platform, Karla Perez
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Each year, an estimated 620,000 Americans have new heart attack and suffer from myocardial infarction (MI) that results in massive heart cell death and decrease in heart function. Various therapeutic strategies, such as pharmacological treatments and reperfusion strategies, have greatly improved short-term MI survival. However, these strategies do not restore normal cardiac function due to the permanent loss of cardiomyocytes. As a promising strategy, cardiac cell therapy delivers repairing cells to damaged areas (scar tissues) to revitalize the infracted heart. However, a key challenge in cardiac cell therapy, i.e. the extremely low survival and engraftment rate of transplanted cells, must …
Environmental And Health Implications Of Mine Tailing-Based Construction Materials In Developing Communities: Current Practices And Ways Forward, Jose Raul Velasquez Vasquez
Environmental And Health Implications Of Mine Tailing-Based Construction Materials In Developing Communities: Current Practices And Ways Forward, Jose Raul Velasquez Vasquez
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
For many years, artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) communities around the world have been developing strategies to reduce contaminated mine tailings produced by mineral processing operations. These mine tailings are the by-product of the physical and chemical processes required to extract metals that humans require every day. The strategies developed by these communities cover a wide range of solutions, such as better practices in mineral processing activities as well as alternative technologies that help reduce the environmental impact of mining. Specifically, the recycling of mine tailings to produce construction materials has been of interest to researchers and communities. The use …
A New Geothermal Bridge De-Icing System With Attached Hydronic Heating Loops: Field Tests, Numerical Modeling, And Economic Assessment, Omid Habibzadeh Bigdarvish
A New Geothermal Bridge De-Icing System With Attached Hydronic Heating Loops: Field Tests, Numerical Modeling, And Economic Assessment, Omid Habibzadeh Bigdarvish
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Each year, ice and snow adversely impact U.S. transportation infrastructure during the cold season, causing an extensive impact on the U.S. economy. Bridges are key elements in the transportation network and the most vulnerable sections of the road to ice and snow. Conventional snow and ice removal system (CSRS) is proven not to be a satisfactory solution as it causes induced damages and issues, such as accelerating bridge deck corrosion, safety issues, travel delays, and environmental damages. Thus, the geothermal heat pump de-icing system (GHDS) is introduced as a sustainable solution for bridge deck de-icing, which utilizes renewable geothermal energy …
Self-Regulation Of Boundaries For Thriving, Enrichment, And Balance Across The Work-Nonwork Interface, Shelia A. Hyde
Self-Regulation Of Boundaries For Thriving, Enrichment, And Balance Across The Work-Nonwork Interface, Shelia A. Hyde
Management Dissertations - Archive
This three-essay project explores boundary management and work-nonwork enrichment to explain how thriving in the work domain relates to thriving in the nonwork domain. The Cross-Domain Thriving model proposed in Study 1 theorizes that when employees experience growth and energy at work, they create and deplete resources within and across roles and individual boundary management strategies, role congruency, and ease of transition moderate the degree to which thriving translates into enrichment and/or conflict across roles. Study 2 tested aspects of the cross-domain thriving model and found that neither work nor nonwork thriving was related to increased time-based conflict, but both …
Further Development Of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Uhp-Frc): 3d Printing, Sifcon, Alternative Fibers, Shrinkage Crack Control, High Temperature, And Lightweight, Bhupendra Raj Acharya
Further Development Of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Uhp-Frc): 3d Printing, Sifcon, Alternative Fibers, Shrinkage Crack Control, High Temperature, And Lightweight, Bhupendra Raj Acharya
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in manufacturing industry also in every service industry, decreasing conventional skilled workforce and stagnated construction industry, probability and past statistics of the accident at the construction sites and difficulty in quality control has led the researchers to think of the solution and alternatives of the conventional construction. A new construction paradigm, known as 3-D concrete printing or additive manufacturing of concrete (AMC) provides such a solution. This research focuses on a preliminary study in 3d printed ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) and, has developed a novel mix that has balanced extrude-ability and buildability. …
A Novel Supervised Dimensionality Reduction Method: Integrating Pca With Svm, Faezeh Soleimani
A Novel Supervised Dimensionality Reduction Method: Integrating Pca With Svm, Faezeh Soleimani
Mathematics Dissertations - Archive
Data curation and storage methods have changed over the past few decades with the use of new technologies, and gathering data on a huge number of features (dimensions) is now very common among diverse scientific and engineering fields. Prior to classification or regression, dimensionality reduction is necessary to eliminate irrelevant features and to deal with data with high dimensions. A number of numerical methods have already been proposed to reduce the dimension of data, for example, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Supervised Principal Component Analysis (SPCA). In this dissertation, we will introduce a novel way of …
Spatiotemporal Trends And Variability In The Centroid Of The Northern Hemisphere's Circumpolar Vortex, Nazla Bushra, Robert V. Rohli
Spatiotemporal Trends And Variability In The Centroid Of The Northern Hemisphere's Circumpolar Vortex, Nazla Bushra, Robert V. Rohli
Faculty Publications
Recent previous research has established the "sharpest gradient" approach to defining the circumpolar vortex and has identified correlations of the area and circularity of the Northern Hemisphere's circumpolar vortex (NHCPV) to important atmospheric-oceanic teleconnections. However, because geographical shifts in the NHCPV, independent of area or circularity changes, could affect surface environmental conditions, this research addresses the question of the extent to which the NHCPV centroid undergoes such shifts, both intra- and inter-annually. Results show that during the 1979-2017 period, the centroid has moved less on a daily basis in more recent years, perhaps indicative of a stabilization in circulation, with …
Expanding Accountability: Using The Negligent Infliction Of Emotional Distress Claim To Compensate Black American Families Who Remained Unheard In Medical Crisis, Nia Johnson
UC Law Journal
Black Americans have constantly been victims of health disparities and unequal treatment in healthcare facilities. This is not new. However, more attention has been paid to accounts from Black Americans alleging that their providers ignored them or their families in crisis, leading to grave consequences. Though we do have a medical malpractice system that is equipped to remedy physical manifestations of medical negligence, there has been minimal dialogue about how to hold provider accountable for more abstract medical grievances like ignoring Black patients. This Article argues that the negligent infliction of emotional distress claim is an appropriate forum to address …
Modification Of Cell Wall Polysaccharide Guides Cell Division In Streptococcus Mutans., Svetlana Zamakhaeva, Catherine T Chaton, Jeffrey S. Rush, Sowmya Ajay Castro, Cameron W Kenner, Alexander E Yarawsky, Andrew B Herr, Nina M Van Sorge, Helge C Dorfmueller, Gregory I Frolenkov, Konstantin V Korotkov, Natalia Korotkova
Modification Of Cell Wall Polysaccharide Guides Cell Division In Streptococcus Mutans., Svetlana Zamakhaeva, Catherine T Chaton, Jeffrey S. Rush, Sowmya Ajay Castro, Cameron W Kenner, Alexander E Yarawsky, Andrew B Herr, Nina M Van Sorge, Helge C Dorfmueller, Gregory I Frolenkov, Konstantin V Korotkov, Natalia Korotkova
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications
In ovoid-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria, MapZ guides FtsZ-ring positioning at cell equators. The cell wall of the ovococcus Streptococcus mutans contains peptidoglycan decorated with serotype c carbohydrates (SCCs). In the present study, we identify the major cell separation autolysin AtlA as an SCC-binding protein. AtlA binding to SCC is attenuated by the glycerol phosphate (GroP) modification. Using fluorescently labeled AtlA constructs, we mapped SCC distribution on the streptococcal surface, revealing enrichment of GroP-deficient immature SCCs at the cell poles and equators. The immature SCCs co-localize with MapZ at the equatorial rings throughout the cell cycle. In GroP-deficient mutants, AtlA is mislocalized, …
The Professional Struggles Of Contemporary Korean Women: Origins And Consequences Of The Glass Ceiling, Liat Miller
The Professional Struggles Of Contemporary Korean Women: Origins And Consequences Of The Glass Ceiling, Liat Miller
Master's Projects and Capstones
The status of women globally, though improved in recent decades, remains an unresolved issue. The labor market, in which women must contend with the glass ceiling phenomenon, is an indicative microcosmos of a larger issue—the persistence of discriminatory attitudes toward women. The case is even more profound in East Asian contexts, such as South Korea. The existing literature is limited and focuses on either specific aspects of the glass ceiling or particular industries in Korea. This paper explores the origins and interconnected causes of the glass ceiling in Korea, which include Confucian philosophy and values. Moreover, by analyzing testimonials of …
Extant Earthly Microbial Mats And Microbialites As Models For Exploration Of Life In Extraterrestrial Mat Worlds, Bopaiah Biddanda, Anthony Weinke, Ian Stone, Scott Kendall, Phil Hartmeyer, Wayne Lusardi, Stephanie Gandulla, John Bright, Steven Ruberg
Extant Earthly Microbial Mats And Microbialites As Models For Exploration Of Life In Extraterrestrial Mat Worlds, Bopaiah Biddanda, Anthony Weinke, Ian Stone, Scott Kendall, Phil Hartmeyer, Wayne Lusardi, Stephanie Gandulla, John Bright, Steven Ruberg
Open Access Publishing Support Funded Articles
As we expand the search for life beyond Earth, a water-dominated planet, we turn our eyes to other aquatic worlds. Microbial life found in Earth’s many extreme habitats are considered useful analogs to life forms we are likely to find in extraterrestrial bodies of water. Modern-day benthic microbial mats inhabiting the low-oxygen, high-sulfur submerged sinkholes of temperate Lake Huron (Michigan, USA) and microbialites inhabiting the shallow, high-carbonate waters of subtropical Laguna Bacalar (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico) serve as potential working models for exploration of extraterrestrial life. In Lake Huron, delicate mats comprising motile filaments of purple-pigmented cyanobacteria capable of oxygenic and …
Racial Identity, Masculinity, And Academic Help-Seeking Behaviors In African American Male College Students, Walter T. Malone
Racial Identity, Masculinity, And Academic Help-Seeking Behaviors In African American Male College Students, Walter T. Malone
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Black racial identity attitudes, as measured by the Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS), and masculine norms, as measured by the Conformity to Masculinity Norms Index -46 (CMNI-46), in relation to men's academic helpseeking behavior. Participants were 120 African American undergraduate males at a historically White university in the Midwest region of the United States. Four hypotheses were designed to help guide the measure's influences on two academic help-seeking variables, avoidance and perceived benefits. The first and second hypotheses both focused on the effects of Black college men's racial attitudes. …
"Not In My Town": A Community's Response To Water And Soil Pollution, Karolina Staros
"Not In My Town": A Community's Response To Water And Soil Pollution, Karolina Staros
Dissertations
At the core of this dissertation is the acknowledgment that social movements are complex networks of people who face many obstacles in their efforts to achieve social change. One critique of social movements is that their goals and mission are limited to short term ideas and not long-term, systemic transformation. The lack of long term, systemic change can be observed when social movement groups mobilize for the same cause over and over again with what appears to be little progress over a period of time. The exact blueprint for a social movement’s success does not exist, but it is posited …
2021-2022 Faculty Senate Roster, Faculty Senate, East Tennessee State University
2021-2022 Faculty Senate Roster, Faculty Senate, East Tennessee State University
Faculty Senate Agendas and Minutes
No abstract provided.
It Security Technology And Staffing Investments For Small And Mid-Sized Healthcare Organizations In Response To Increased Threats, Dylan Dudlext
It Security Technology And Staffing Investments For Small And Mid-Sized Healthcare Organizations In Response To Increased Threats, Dylan Dudlext
Leadership Education Capstones
The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the risk awareness and risk responses of small to mid-sized healthcare organizations due to increased cybersecurity threats to the healthcare industry.