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Curriculum Subcommittee Agenda October 1, 2026, Utah State University
Curriculum Subcommittee Agenda October 1, 2026, Utah State University
Educational Policies Committee
- Approval of Minutes - September 3, 2026
- R401 - Program Proposals
- Semester Course Approval Reviews
- Other Business
- Adjourn: 3:00 pm
Clarke Historical Museum: The Oscar Larson Project, Bo Bacon
Clarke Historical Museum: The Oscar Larson Project, Bo Bacon
IdeaFest 2026
No abstract provided.
Impact Of Environmental Stressors On Pinniped Tags: Progress Toward Standardized Testing Protocol, Brodie Lyons, Deeksha Garige, Nathan Vasquez, Sean Shermer, Dr. Frank E. Cappuccio, Dr. Lonny Grafman, Dr. Dawn Goley
Impact Of Environmental Stressors On Pinniped Tags: Progress Toward Standardized Testing Protocol, Brodie Lyons, Deeksha Garige, Nathan Vasquez, Sean Shermer, Dr. Frank E. Cappuccio, Dr. Lonny Grafman, Dr. Dawn Goley
IdeaFest 2026
No abstract provided.
Growing South Dakota (Fall 2026), College Of Agriculture, Food And, Environmental Sciences
Growing South Dakota (Fall 2026), College Of Agriculture, Food And, Environmental Sciences
Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)
[Page] 2 Support from donors helping set SDSU dairy graduates above the rest
[Page] 4 A decade of impact: Celebrating 10 years of cow-calf, swine education and research facilitates
[Page] 8 98-year-old donor keeps decades-long scholarship going in honor of late husband
[Page] 11 Looking back at Michele Dudash's tenure in academia
[Page] 12Giving students opportunities, experience to build their futures
[Page] 16 A Jackrabbit's journey in growing agricultural leadership
[Page] 18 Building South Dakota's next generation of rural veterinarians
[Page] 19 Conservation: A family affair
[Page] 20 South Dakota Water Resources Institute finds solutions to South Dakota's water challenges …
Title Changes And New Members, Malachi Boling
Faculty Authors & Achievers Bibliography 2026, Luke Vilelle
Faculty Authors & Achievers Bibliography 2026, Luke Vilelle
WRL: Faculty Authors & Achievers Bibliographies
The office of Academic Affairs and the Wyndham Robertson Library congratulate all Hollins faculty who published or presented creative or scholarly works from Fall 2024 - Fall 2026. These pages comprise a list of that work.
Expanding Photosynthesis Through Biosolar Oxic N2 Fixation: Toward A Sustainable Bionitrogen Economy, Taufiq Nawaz, Liping Gu, James Young, Shah Fahad, Nick Klein, Rajesh Sani, Ruanbao Zhou
Expanding Photosynthesis Through Biosolar Oxic N2 Fixation: Toward A Sustainable Bionitrogen Economy, Taufiq Nawaz, Liping Gu, James Young, Shah Fahad, Nick Klein, Rajesh Sani, Ruanbao Zhou
Biology and Microbiology Faculty Publications and Datasets
Atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) is far more abundant than carbon dioxide (CO2), yet photosynthesis has been studied and harnessed predominantly for photosynthetic carbon fixation (PCF), underpinning the global biocarbon economy. In contrast, biological N2 fixation—the natural gateway for atmospheric nitrogen into the biosphere—remains comparatively underexploited. Modern agriculture and industry consequently depend heavily on the fossil-fuel-intensive Haber–Bosch process, with substantial energy and environmental costs. Diazotrophic cyanobacteria offer a fundamentally different paradigm by coupling oxygenic photosynthesis to nitrogenase-mediated N2 fixation. We term this process photosynthetic nitrogen fixation (PNF), which uses solar energy to convert water and atmospheric N2 into bioavailable nitrogen. Beyond its …
Navigating The Political Waters Of Rural Superintendency In Texas, Brian D. Aiken
Navigating The Political Waters Of Rural Superintendency In Texas, Brian D. Aiken
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Superintendents frequently report job-related stress and politics as primary reasons for early resignations. Rural superintendents and school boards engage extensively with community stakeholders, intensifying the impact of local political influence on decision-making. The purpose of this study was to describe how five rural superintendents in Texas experience the influence of political will on decision-making and, subsequently, on their well-being. Perceptions of sources of political influence and the strategies used by superintendents to navigate political influence were investigated. Participant data were gathered through district documents and semistructured interviews. The research captured the challenges the rural superintendents face. The participants in this …
Admissions Magazine Fall 2026, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Admissions Magazine Fall 2026, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Admissions Magazine
Altitude: Built for Mars
- Securing a Safer Tomorrow
- Education at a Higher Altitude
- Inside the Hacker Lab
- The Future of Health in Space
- Turning up the Heat
- Turning in to the Cosmos
- Built for Mars
- Transforming Aviation Safety Through Writing
- Eagles Expand Impact in Hawaii
- Putting Discovery to Work
- UAS Meets Marine Science
- Where Wonder Takes Flight
- Scoring Goals and Grades
- Finding a Frequency
- Finding Her Space
- First Worldwide Research Scholar
- Mentorship Fuels Growth
Climate Change Evidence: Driving Value-Added Use For Better Decisions, Tim Larson, Marina Lahowin, Sarah Hanck
Climate Change Evidence: Driving Value-Added Use For Better Decisions, Tim Larson, Marina Lahowin, Sarah Hanck
The Foundation Review
This article examines the evolving ecosystem of climate solution evidence tools and distinguishes the different functions they serve, including evidence aggregation, assessment of evidence strength, comparison of solution options, spatial targeting, policy benchmarking, and adaptive management.
Drawing from research on evidence-informed policymaking and climate decision science, the authors identify persistent barriers to evidence use, including misalignment with decision needs, deep uncertainty, institutional incentives, and limited capacity for collective sensemaking.
The article argues philanthropy’s greatest leverage lies not in increasing the supply of evidence alone, but in strengthening the systems through which evidence is interpreted, governed, and embedded in decision processes. …
October 2026 Bulldog Alumni & Friends News, Kari Jones, Garrett King
October 2026 Bulldog Alumni & Friends News, Kari Jones, Garrett King
Bulldog Alumni & Friends News
October 27 Special Event for SWOSU Alumnus & Author, Dr. Jim Logan
October 29 Dedication of the Randy L. Beutler Building
October 30-31 SWOSU Homecoming
November 5 SWOSU Near You: Elk City
November 13 Shoot For The Stars Sporting Clay Shoot
November 13-14 Baseball Alumni Weekend
December 2 SWOSU Presidental Investiture
December 12 Fall Commencement
Leader-Follower Formation-Based Leader Velocities Estimation Via Adaptive-Τ Tustin Differentiator, Zeyad A. Karam, Mohammed Y. Hassan, Amjad J. Humaidi
Leader-Follower Formation-Based Leader Velocities Estimation Via Adaptive-Τ Tustin Differentiator, Zeyad A. Karam, Mohammed Y. Hassan, Amjad J. Humaidi
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
This work develops a leader–follower formation for differential-drive mobile robots with an explicit estimator for the leader's velocities. Firstly, a leader robot position-variance-adaptive, under-rate-limited differentiator provides forward speed and yaw-rate estimate for the leader velocities, using exponentially weighted increment variances that drive a convex one-sided mapping to provide adaptive time constants for this estimator. Secondly, the control stack couples three layers: first layer, a nonlinear body-frame kinematic law for leader tracking, with orientation corrections handled via a smooth bounded function sin(eθ)/eθ to eliminate singularities near zero error. Second layer, a formation-preserving follower controller based on …
Generative Artificial Intelligence-Driven Augmentation With Deep Feature Fusion Model For Rare Disease Detection And Classification, V. Kavitha
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
Rare disease detection focuses on identifying rare health conditions that affect a tiny fraction of people. Detection is challenging because symptoms are often ambiguous and information is limited. In recent years, retinal diseases have become a serious problem worldwide. Progressing a computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) method is highly beneficial and functional for ophthalmologists. Proper detection and treatment can save eye vision. Deep learning (DL) has advanced across various scientific fields and is leveraged for numerous healthcare tasks. This research presents a Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Adaptive Feature Fusion Network for Rare Retinal Disease Detection (GAIAFF-RRDD) technique assists ophthalmologists by allowing early and …
Glycemia Regulation In Type 1 Diabetes Using Artificial Pancreas Systems: One Decade Review Of Positive Control Approaches, Luay Thamir Rasheed, Ahmed Sabah Al-Araji, Taghreed Mohammadridha
Glycemia Regulation In Type 1 Diabetes Using Artificial Pancreas Systems: One Decade Review Of Positive Control Approaches, Luay Thamir Rasheed, Ahmed Sabah Al-Araji, Taghreed Mohammadridha
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
An artificial pancreas (AP) is a biomedical device that mimics the natural glucose-regulation process carried out by a healthy pancreas. This device consists of three parts: a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), a control algorithm, and an insulin pump. These three parts work together by continuously monitoring blood glucose concentration (BGC) and adjusting insulin delivery to maintain normoglycemia while minimizing the occurrence of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. While several review studies have addressed control strategies for AP systems, limited attention has been given to the fundamental positivity constraint of insulin delivery and its systematic impact on controller design and performance. This paper …
Fractal Circularly Polarized Leaky-Wave Antenna For X-Band Cubesat Communication, Ghufran Kh. Mahmood, Ahmed M A Sabaawi
Fractal Circularly Polarized Leaky-Wave Antenna For X-Band Cubesat Communication, Ghufran Kh. Mahmood, Ahmed M A Sabaawi
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
This study presents the design and optimization of a circularly polarized fractal leaky-wave antenna (LWA) designed for X-band CubeSat communication systems. The proposed antenna is based on a via-less substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structure. It utilizes composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission-line principles to achieve a high-impedance boundary and enhanced radiation performance. The work focuses on optimizing the antenna structure for operation at 8 GHz by investigating the effects of key design parameters, including the slot width (Ws), bent length (Ls1), inter-slot spacing (dslot), and number of periodic unit cells (n). Antenna performance is evaluated in terms …
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation In Cloud Service Management Via Significant Feature Ranking With Recurrent Network Model, C. Arun, S. Santhoshkumar, J. Jegathesh Amalraj, T. Suresh
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation In Cloud Service Management Via Significant Feature Ranking With Recurrent Network Model, C. Arun, S. Santhoshkumar, J. Jegathesh Amalraj, T. Suresh
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
The increasing adoption of cloud computing (CC) produces a notable growth in data centres, resulting in severe financial, environmental, and operational problems. To mitigate these issues, energy-efficient resource allocation strategies have been developed as a key solution for enhancing energy utilization while ensuring high performance and reliability. In this framework, machine learning (ML) enables the implementation of dynamic and intelligent approaches for effective resource utilization. In this paper, we focus on the Scalable Hybrid Feature Ranking Framework for Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation (SHFRF-EERA) approach in Cloud Service Management Systems. The novelty of the proposed model lies in the integration of hybrid …
The Vegetated-Canopy Roughness Sublayer Through A Tke-Budget Lens, Giulia Salmaso, Raul Bayoan Cal, Marc Calaf
The Vegetated-Canopy Roughness Sublayer Through A Tke-Budget Lens, Giulia Salmaso, Raul Bayoan Cal, Marc Calaf
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
It is well understood that vegetated canopies perturb the atmospheric flow within and immediately above the canopy, deviating from the inertial sublayer (ISL) regime characteristic of non-vegetated rough surfaces. Only above a certain height, denoted as the roughness sublayer height (RSL, 𝑧∗), do these flows return to ISL-like behavior. This distinction is critical, as parameterizations in Earth System Models (ESMs) are typically developed for ISL flows. Yet, most 𝑧∗ estimates stem from studies over flat, homogeneous canopies and may be biased. In contrast, little is known about 𝑧∗ in non-homogeneous or heterogeneous canopies that are not of agricultural interest, with …
Learning Opportunities 2026/2027, Illinois Math And Science Academy
Learning Opportunities 2026/2027, Illinois Math And Science Academy
Course Catalogs
The graduation requirements of the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy are established by the IMSA Board of Trustees. Each semester, students must take a minimum of five academic courses (2.5 credits) for a letter grade (not Pass/Fail), not including Fine Arts or Wellness courses. Students may enroll in a maximum of eight academic opportunities each semester, including academic courses, Fine Arts and Wellness courses, and Experiential programs. The College and Academic Counselor approves enrollment for students in all courses and experiences.
Richmond Law Magazine: Autumn 2026
Richmond Law Magazine: Autumn 2026
Richmond Law Magazine
To Lead is to Empower
The House That Family Money Built
The Front Line of Virginia's Judicial Systen
Check Out The Library, 2026 Fall Issue, Cal Poly Humboldt Library
Check Out The Library, 2026 Fall Issue, Cal Poly Humboldt Library
Library Publications
Issue 21
The Legal Risks Posed By Ai Chatbots: Unfair And Deceptive Practices And Other Authorities, Stephanie T. Nguyen, Adam Teitelbaum
The Legal Risks Posed By Ai Chatbots: Unfair And Deceptive Practices And Other Authorities, Stephanie T. Nguyen, Adam Teitelbaum
Center for Law and the Economy
Growing alarm about existential risks and other harms posed by AI technology have given rise to calls for the government to regulate AI platforms.
This issue brief addresses a related but distinct problem: the use of AI technology by large corporations — including AI platforms themselves — to deploy AI customer-service chatbots1 in ways that may violate existing consumer protection laws. Law enforcers and the plaintiffs’ bar can and should use existing law to stop and deter those violations, and all businesses using AI chatbots should take immediate steps to ensure their AI chatbot practices are compliant with consumer protection …
Study Of A Nonlinear Delayed Parabolic Model For Prion Disease Dynamics With The Unfolded Protein Response, Gangadhara Boregowda, Laurent Pujo-Menjouet, Zhaosheng Feng, Michael R. Lindstrom
Study Of A Nonlinear Delayed Parabolic Model For Prion Disease Dynamics With The Unfolded Protein Response, Gangadhara Boregowda, Laurent Pujo-Menjouet, Zhaosheng Feng, Michael R. Lindstrom
School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the dynamic spread of misfolded toxic proteins in the brain. In this process, the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) produced by neurons misfolds into a toxic form known as scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). These misfolded proteins propagate through the brain by converting healthy prions into their toxic form. This biological mechanism can be modeled by a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations, accompanied by a nonlinear delayed integral boundary condition. Our primary objective is to establish the existence of nonnegative classical solutions to this system. Furthermore, we derive a priori estimates for …
Adaptive Intelligent H-Infinity Controller Design For Mimo Nonlinear Systems Under Asymmetric Input Saturation, Mohammed Qasim, Hazem I. Ali, Omar Farouq Lutfy
Adaptive Intelligent H-Infinity Controller Design For Mimo Nonlinear Systems Under Asymmetric Input Saturation, Mohammed Qasim, Hazem I. Ali, Omar Farouq Lutfy
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
This paper details the design of a robust adaptive intelligent guaranteed cost H-infinity controller, tailored for MIMO nonlinear systems subject to external disturbances, parametric uncertainties, and asymmetric input saturation constraints. The adaptive intelligent part of the proposed controller consists of a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) with bounded output to respect saturation constraints and a robust adaptive law for RBFNN weights estimation. This part serves to estimate the system's uncertain nonlinearities and external disturbances. The guaranteed cost H-infinity is designed based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) to address the system parameter uncertainties and bounded RBFNN estimation errors, as well …
Enhancing Gru With Long-Short Attention: A Case Study Of Saudi Stock Market Prediction, Hussein Samma, Qusay Shihab Hamad, Ali Salem Bin Sama, Adnan Bakather, Khaled Alhashash
Enhancing Gru With Long-Short Attention: A Case Study Of Saudi Stock Market Prediction, Hussein Samma, Qusay Shihab Hamad, Ali Salem Bin Sama, Adnan Bakather, Khaled Alhashash
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
Predicting stock market movements accurately is a challenging task due to the inherent complexity and volatility of financial markets. In recent years, deep learning techniques, particularly the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), have shown promising results in financial time series prediction. However, capturing the most relevant information from large volumes of data remains a critical challenge for improving prediction accuracy. This work introduces an attention-enhanced GRU model for forecasting the Saudi stock market. The proposed model integrates attention mechanisms to dynamically prioritize different input patterns, enabling the network to focus on the most relevant information for prediction. Two types of attention …
Improving Performance For Dco-Ofdm Based Vlc Via Convolutional Coding And Viterbi Decoding, Maha F. Shatti, Samir M. Hameed, Atheer A. Sabri
Improving Performance For Dco-Ofdm Based Vlc Via Convolutional Coding And Viterbi Decoding, Maha F. Shatti, Samir M. Hameed, Atheer A. Sabri
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
The reliability of Visible Light Communication (VLC) is affected by several parameters, the most significant being high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) and nonlinear distortion. This study presents an adaptive direct current O-OFDM (DCO-OFDM) based VLC system as a solution, which integrates error correction the Convolutional coding and Viterbi decoding (by hard and soft decision methods) with a PAPR reduction technique that combines Vandermonde-like Matrix (VLM) precoding with a nonlinear companding transform (NCT). This proposed system enhances resistance to channel impairments, thereby reducing BER while maintaining the gains of PAPR reduction. Moreover, examined the system under realistic VLC propagation conditions both Line …
Power-Efficient Target Tracking And Coverage In Under-Provisioned Wireless Visual Sensor Networks, Muna M. Jawad
Power-Efficient Target Tracking And Coverage In Under-Provisioned Wireless Visual Sensor Networks, Muna M. Jawad
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
Due to their ability to detect the physical environment, directional sensors have attracted a lot of attention in wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN). These sensors perform two key functions: communication and sensing. A WVSN comprises numerous configurable limited fields of view sensors, comprising distinct angular sectors, arranged with multiple targets randomly scattered in the same surrounding region. Therefore, there is a critical need to improve the network's lifetime and reduce power demand while providing complete target coverage. This paper looks at under-resourced visual networks with an inadequate number of sensors to match applications' needs and develops a viable model to …
Cost-Efficient High-Capacity Radio Over Fiber (Rof) Transmission: Integrating Coarse And Dense Wdm Techniques, Hilal A. Fadhil, Fadia N. Hummadi, Feras N. Hasoon, Haider J. Abd, Hussein A. Kazem
Cost-Efficient High-Capacity Radio Over Fiber (Rof) Transmission: Integrating Coarse And Dense Wdm Techniques, Hilal A. Fadhil, Fadia N. Hummadi, Feras N. Hasoon, Haider J. Abd, Hussein A. Kazem
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
Using Radio over Fiber (RoF) has expanded lately to the point where a key component of it link between central office and base station would be useful from the whole industry. As the market grows towards communication products of ultra-high-speed, like 5G applications, capital expenditure (CapEx) is crucial. The two primary types regarding wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques Dense WDM and Coarse WDM are integrated in the presented work to create cost-effective, new design paradigm for RoF. The suggested system is tested and put into use at 10 Gbps data transmission rate. In addition, it describes how the two systems-based …
A Triple-Verification Framework For Swift, Real-Time Detection Of Anomalous Sensor Readings In Large-Scale Iot Systems, Taha E. Al-Jarakh, Inas Jawad Kadhim, Ayad Al-Dujaili, Eduardo Campos Mercado
A Triple-Verification Framework For Swift, Real-Time Detection Of Anomalous Sensor Readings In Large-Scale Iot Systems, Taha E. Al-Jarakh, Inas Jawad Kadhim, Ayad Al-Dujaili, Eduardo Campos Mercado
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
Due to the massive expansion of Internet of Things systems and the variety of anomalous data resulting from faulty sensors, cyberattacks, or communication failures, it has become difficult to handle this type of data. Although current machine learning and statistical analysis techniques offer high accuracy in detecting anomalies, these methods alone are not sufficient for handling massive amounts of data in real-time. Therefore, the idea arose to propose a Triple-Verification Framework to detect and block anomalous data. The first stage of the framework acts as a firewall to block incoming messages from blocklisted/unauthorized sensors or carrying unknown schemes. In the …
A Corpus Linguistics-Driven Hybrid Deep Representation Framework Incorporating Majority Voting For Enhanced Automatic Spoken Language Identification, Lubin Balasubramanian, J. Uthayakumar, Niranjana Kumara M, Sariga Arjunan
A Corpus Linguistics-Driven Hybrid Deep Representation Framework Incorporating Majority Voting For Enhanced Automatic Spoken Language Identification, Lubin Balasubramanian, J. Uthayakumar, Niranjana Kumara M, Sariga Arjunan
Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering
Spoken Language Identification (SLID) is a well-researched area. It has previously been recognized as a crucial first stage in every multi-lingual speech recognition system. Latest developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) are used to highly strengthen the performance of SLID systems, allowing them to perform a crucial part in mainstream applications The gathered speaker utterances have been entered into the DL network for training phase. The language equivalent to the great posterior probability is then recognized as the target language. This study introduces an Enhancing Automatic Spoken Language Identification with Corpus Linguistics and Ensemble Deep Representation (EASLI-CLEDR) …
Prevalence Of Vitiligo In East Africa: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kedir Seid, Chala Getaneh Jaleta, Sintayehu Samuel Lorato, Mitiku Desalegn, Dawit Tesfaye Rundasa, Yohannes Godie Ashebir, Olyad Kuma Getahun, Gebeyehu Lakew, Mathewos Mekonnen Gemmechu, Mulualem Endeshaw Zeleke, Yibeltal Assefa Atalay, Amlaku Nigusie Yirsaw, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Abiy Hailu Tikuneh, Abas Ali Hassen, Eyasu Alem Lake, Tadesse Nigussie, Bushra Bibi, Fikiru Yigezu Y. Jaleta, Abebe Gedefaw Belete, Genanew Kassie Getahun
Prevalence Of Vitiligo In East Africa: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kedir Seid, Chala Getaneh Jaleta, Sintayehu Samuel Lorato, Mitiku Desalegn, Dawit Tesfaye Rundasa, Yohannes Godie Ashebir, Olyad Kuma Getahun, Gebeyehu Lakew, Mathewos Mekonnen Gemmechu, Mulualem Endeshaw Zeleke, Yibeltal Assefa Atalay, Amlaku Nigusie Yirsaw, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Abiy Hailu Tikuneh, Abas Ali Hassen, Eyasu Alem Lake, Tadesse Nigussie, Bushra Bibi, Fikiru Yigezu Y. Jaleta, Abebe Gedefaw Belete, Genanew Kassie Getahun
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
Background: Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes, resulting in depigmented macules and patches. No accurate estimate has been made of the prevalence of vitiligo in East Africa.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vitiligo in East Africa via a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Eleven articles were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science and African Journals Online. Microsoft Excel was used to extract the data, which were then exported to STATA 17 …