Towards Physics-Informed Neural Networks For Simulating Multiphase Geothermal Convection​*, Daniel C. Patton, Andrew Harrison Eno

Campus Research Month

Water and steam flow through porous rock, transferring heat via conduction and buoyancy-driven convection caused by density differences. Traditional numerical methods (finite-volume/finite-element) model this well but can become memory-intensive and unstable for long, high-detail simulations. This work demonstrates a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) using a finite-difference approach within the NVIDIA PhysicsNeMo framework to simulate magma chambers in 2D. Tested on the Rio Pisco pluton in Peru, results are compared with the USGS HYDROTHERM model. PINNs learn from physical laws, offering accurate, flexible solutions with less data and development effort.

Gci #281 — Lazarus-Train V2.0, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Lazarus-Train is a complete, open-source research platform combining three proven technologies—helical vortex preconditioning, 33 MHz traveling surface acoustic wave (TSAW) pathogen disruption, and magnetic nanoparticle trapping—into a modular skid-mounted system for biofluid conditioning studies. Unlike conventional size-based filtration (ECMO, dialysis), this physics-based approach achieves >90% particle separation with < 2% hemolysis through density-selective acoustic lysis and continuous-flow magnetic cleanup.

Key Innovation: First integration of J-Groove vortex de-agglomeration (GCI #18), TSAW additive-free lysis on LiNbO3 substrate, and Permalloy antidot arrays for viral debris capture—all controlled by Arduino with hard safety interlocks. Total build cost: $2,475 using commercial off-the-shelf components. Complete assembly: 3.5 hours. TRL 5 (lab-validated integration ready).

Gci Universal Conditioning Train, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The GCI Universal Conditioning Train is a hypothetical, skid-mounted pretreatment platform intended to make difficult liquid streams easier, safer, and cheaper to process downstream. The concept is not presented as a proven refinery replacement, a direct fuel-maker, or a patented commercial product. It is an online invention proposal being passed on for real-world build and test evaluation by qualified engineers.

The system is designed to condition dirty liquid streams such as used oil, oily wastewater, sewage-adjacent waste, grease-laden water, and industrial sludge. Its purpose is to improve separability, reduce fouling, release trapped water and solids, and lower the burden on …

Revisiting Quantum Foundations: Deriving The Klein-Gordon-Fock Equation Without Axiomatic Postulates*, Joshua Lohr, Vola Andrianarijaona, Anton A. Lipovka

Campus Research Month

This paper presents a derivation of the Klein-Gordon-Fock equation from first principles. The proposed method eliminates the need to axiomatically postulate wave functions or equation coefficients. Instead, the derivation is performed on an adiabatically variable manifold, locally described by the Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric, incorporating complete electrodynamics. In this framework, the transverse electromagnetic field quantizes due to adiabatic changes in the metric tensor, with Planck's constant serving as its adiabatic invariant. Consequently, wave functions naturally emerge as eigenfunctions of a Sturm-Liouville problem used to expand the electromagnetic field.

Gci #280 – Vortex Atmospheric Reclamator (Var), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

GCI #280, the Vortex Atmospheric Reclamator (VAR), is an open-hardware concept for decentralized atmospheric water harvesting. It combines vortex-assisted airflow management, passive radiative cooling, droplet-shedding condensation surfaces, integrated purification, and layered safety control to produce potable water from ambient air without compressor-based refrigeration.

This document is an online-only conceptual disclosure. It is not a patent, not a commercial product, and not a claim of validated field performance. It is published so real-world engineers, makers, humanitarian teams, and researchers can evaluate the idea, build prototypes, and test whether it performs better than current systems in the real world.

Vortex-Brain Atlas, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

Vortex-Brain Atlas is an open, modular AI workflow platform that converts a large invention portfolio into a real-world prototype roadmap. It ingests technical disclosures, cross-links reusable engineering modules, flags unsupported claims, and generates build, test, safety, and handoff documentation for engineers or other AI systems.

The purpose of the system is to reduce context loss, speed prototype development, improve criticism resistance, and make large invention portfolios easier to validate in the real world. It is designed for use across medical, vortex, cryogenic, water, energy, and control-system inventions.

This concept does not claim magical self-improvement, autonomous invention, or guaranteed success. It …

Gci #278 — Helium-Sparing Multi-Stage Vortex Cryocooling Stack With Modular Geometry And Arachne Thermal Interface, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a prototype-viable, nitrogen-class cryocooling system designed to reduce helium consumption and improve thermal stability for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) loads. The system combines staged Ranque–Hilsch vortex separation, spiral/tangential inlet geometry, modular flange construction, and a microfluidic Arachne-style thermal spreader. All geometry is defined using dimensionless design heuristics to enable rapid prototyping and tuning. The system is physically plausible and buildable using standard cryogenic hardware and CNC machining. Final temperature performance must be verified experimentally.

Adaptive Content Pacing And Media Playlist Resolution To Match Dynamic Time Constraints, Thiyagaraj Krishna

Defensive Publications Series

Digital media platforms can create fixed-duration playlists that may be misaligned with a user's variable, real-world time constraints, such as a commute, potentially resulting in abrupt content interruptions or periods of silence. This disclosure describes systems and methods for dynamically synchronizing media playback with a time-bound activity. A system can generate an initial media queue to approximate a time budget and can monitor for discrepancies between the remaining content duration and the activity's remaining time. Based on the magnitude of a detected discrepancy, the system can apply a tiered re-calibration mechanism. For example, such a mechanism may include restructuring the …

Sentinel-Vortex Bio-Processor V4.0: Passive, Fanless Urine-Air Separator For Microgravity Eclss, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Sentinel-Vortex Bio-Processor is a production-ready, no-moving-parts replacement for NASA's Universal Waste Management System (UWMS) dual-fan urine separator, eliminating mechanical failure points while achieving 1.1% air entrainment (target ≤1.2%) across 25-2000mL flow range.

Core Innovation: Frustoconical vortex chamber (D=150→80mm, 30° taper) driven by cabin pressure differential only (20-101 kPa). Adaptive preflush (1-3s, 10m/s air via 35° PEEK swirl vanes) guarantees vortex stability, solving documented microgravity low-flow collapse. SiO₂-PDMS superhydrophobic coating (>155° contact angle) enables self-cleaning with crew recoat kit (12 min/6 months).

Covariate Adjustment For Variance Reduction In Online Controlled Experiments, Roy Katz

Defensive Publications Series

Online controlled experiments often struggle to measure small treatment effects in metrics characterized by high variance and long-tailed distributions. Conventional approaches of increasing sample size to mitigate statistical noise can require impractically large user populations or extended experiment durations.  This disclosure describes a system that utilizes pre-experiment data as a covariate within a regression adjustment model to reduce variance in outcome metrics. The system incorporates a data processing pipeline to collect baseline user activity, a power analysis toolkit for prospective efficiency calculations, and an automated bias detection module to monitor group imbalances. By accounting for pre-existing behavioral patterns, the technology …

Chat Component For Php Web Apps*, Linton W. Feitosa, Caleb N. Hoffman

Campus Research Month

Chat rooms are a common feature in much of today's software. While many web applications could benefit from them, developing individual chat implementations can be repetitive and time consuming. Furthermore, publicly available and integrable chat components are difficult to find.

We created a general-use chat component for PHP web applications using the Yii2 framework. Our component features chat rooms, asynchronous messaging, and contact management. It is widely applicable, customizable, documented, and can be easily extended by future developers.

The Cake Is A Lie: Hid Wireless Adapter*, Andrew J. Patton, Benjamin Chant

Campus Research Month

This project explores converting wired Human Interface Devices (HID) into wireless devices by creating an adapter. Devices without wireless chips or dongles are hindered when flexibility is required, creating electrical waste. Our solution consists of a Transmitter (TX) and Receiver (RX) device pair and is designed to wirelessly bridge USB input from an HID device to a target host.

Calculating Potential Energy Curves Of Molecular Hydrogen And Its Ion Using Psi4 For Blinc Fusion Applications*, Angelina Castillo, Oscar Coral, Canaan Hercules, Blake Laing, Vola Andrianarijaona

Campus Research Month

Southern Adventist University’s Beamline for Ionic and Neutral Collisions (BLINC) is investigating the interactions between hydrogen molecules and fusion particles. To perform in-house theoretical calculations, the BLINC Theory and Analysis Group is testing Psi4 as a viable computational method for BLINC fusion research. Successful calculations of the potential energy curves and dissociation energies of H₂ and H₂⁺ have been completed and compared to known values. Preliminary results align with known values, demonstrating Psi4’s potential for BLINC research. Future work will focus on the vibrational energies, wavefunctions, and transition probabilities of H₂ and H₂⁺.

Construction Of Alkali Oven For Charge Transfer Collisions In Beamline Applications*, Benjamin D. Chun, Oscar T. Coral, Gabriella Kim, Naomi Munyaka, Vola Andrianarijaona

Campus Research Month

This work presents the desig and development of an alkali metal oven used for charge-transfer collision experiments within the Beamline for Ionic and Neutral Collisions (BLINC) at Southern Adventist University. This oven is engineered to produce a stable and controllable alkali vapor source (K/Cs), enabling interactions between the H2+ ions and neutral alkali atoms for the study of rovibrational energy transfer.

The alkali metal oven was designed to be modular to switch out different capillary designs for diverse vapor release into the beamline. This system was designed using SolidWorks and fabricated through CNC machining, with particular emphasis on thermal wiring …

Code Visualizer: An Interactive Code Visualization Tool, Tadd Trumbull

Campus Research Month

Code Visualizer is a web-based, interactive algorithm visualization tool designed to help introductory computer science students develop a deeper understanding of array searching and sorting algorithms. Code Visualizer presents a step-by-step simulation environment built on a restricted Python subset, which allows students to observe array traversal, index manipulation, and algorithmic operations in real time. The tool features two learning modes: View Mode and Predict Mode. The underlying architecture utilizes a behavioral software design pattern called command pattern.

Energy Scaling And Frequency Ratios Of Particles And Constants, Alison Christina Menzmer, Donald Chakeres, Vola Andrianarijaona

Campus Research Month

We are exploring quantum aspects of various physical quantities (including Bohr radius, Rydberg constant, Planck time, and Hubble constant) and mass energies of elementary particles (including electron, neutron, and quarks). We express all physical units in an energy equivalence in Hertz, normalized to 1 Hz. Furthermore, the logarithms of these normalized energies are scaled by the logarithm of a chosen particle, which allows the generation of an Arrhenius plot exhibiting numerical structures. Our results presented in this poster show that the proton is a good candidate for an Arrhenius plot with partial fractions (1 + 1/n) and (1 - 1/n).

Tensegrity Across Biological Scales, V. M. Andrianarijaona

Campus Research Month

Over the past two decades, biology has undergone a profound conceptual shift. Living systems are no longer viewed strictly as biochemical networks; they are now understood as mechanically integrated, energy-dissipating, nonequilibrium systems governed by physical laws. Tensegrity—structural stability derived from a balance of pre-stressed tension and compression—provides the essential linking framework between molecular architecture and organismal function. This approach moves beyond "chemistry-only" models to explain how biological integrity and "mechanotransduction" (the conversion of physical force into biochemical signals) emerge from hierarchical, force-regulated networks.

Developing A Workforce To Build A Star On Earth, Vola Andrianarijaona, Angelina Castillo, Sean Walters

Campus Research Month

This study is meant to help understand why fusion has remained "30 years away" for decades and why that may finally be changing.We see nuclear fusion not merely as a physics phenomenon, but as a complex engineering challenge requiring coordination across different disciplines, including physics, materials science, electrical and mechanical engineering, systems engineering, robotics, and computer science, etc. Indeed, nuclear fusion is not just about "making atoms fuse"—it's about controlling, powering, measuring, and stabilizing one of the most extreme environments humans have ever built. Advances in superconducting magnets, new materials are bringing fusion closer to reality than ever before, and …

Gci #276 – Omni-Sentinel Mesh (Osm) V4.0, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

GCI #276 – Omni-Sentinel Mesh (OSM) v4.0 is a production-ready firmware blueprint transforming existing infrastructure (2M miles dark fiber DAS, 200K 5G/6G towers, 6K LEO satellites) into a 45–90 minute tornado warning network (<40% FAR, 95% coverage, $50–100M total cost). Three pillars: (1) DAS phase-velocity filtering (TRL 7, 50–100 mi), (2) MEMS stochastic resonance + 6G ISAC OAM tomography (TRL 6, 20 mi), (3) satellite ionospheric detection (TRL 5, 200+ mi). All challenges solved: noise via GCI #301 correlation, MEMS SNR via #75 mesh sync, OAM via #23 pilot signals, latency via edge computing. 3–7x lead time over NOAA. Download-ready firmware (4 packages). Public-private partnership + FCC ERCES path. Licensed under CERN-OHL-P.

Caldwell-Pulse: Complete Open-Hardware Atmospheric Water Harvester For Desert Survival (Gci #272), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Caldwell-Pulse (GCI #272) is a 2.8 lb (1.27 kg) backpack-portable atmospheric water harvester producing 2.5–4.0 L/day from 10–20% RH desert air. This complete open-hardware release includes:

• Bill of Materials: $254 prototype cost, $99 consumer target (all suppliers listed)

• Step-by-Step Assembly: 4-hour build using 3D printer + makerspace tools

• Test Protocol: DIY desert chamber validation (10% RH, 40°C)

• Performance Targets: 15–20 cycles/day via Cu-NH₂@MOF-303 (0.1 min adsorption), SAW piezo desorption (<2 min), ZnO-cellulose radiative cooling (9.2°C sub-ambient)

Key Advantages: 20x lighter than commercial AWGs, works at 4x lower RH, 200x cheaper. CERN-OHL-P license enables unrestricted humanitarian replication. Every component commercially available today.

Files Included: OpenSCAD Arachne …

Multi-Device Interactive Narrative System With An Ai Companion Initialized From Narrative Interaction Data, Qingfei Tian

Defensive Publications Series

On-screen user interfaces for interactive narratives may disrupt immersion and can lack mechanisms for persistent user engagement after a story concludes. A multi-device architecture may be used where a primary display presents cinematic content while a synchronized secondary device, such as a smartphone, smart watch, or other wearable device, manages diegetic user interactions via voice, motion, or touch. A remote server can orchestrate the experience and log user choices. This interaction data can be used to create a profile that contextually initializes a persistent artificial intelligence (AI) companion, seeding it with a memory of the user's specific narrative journey. This …

Experimental Assessment Of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel (Ucme) Blends In A Diesel Engine, Mohanad J. Hameed Al-Karawi

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study experimentally investigates the performance, combustion behavior, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, direct-injection compression ignition engine fueled with biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil (WCO). Used cooking oil methyl ester (UCME) was produced via alkaline transesterification using methanol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) and blended with commercial diesel at volumetric ratios of B2, B5, B7, and B10. Engine tests were conducted at a constant speed of 3000 rpm under varying load conditions. The physicochemical properties of UCME blends were found to be comparable to those of conventional diesel, enabling stable engine operation without modification. Performance analysis revealed that B7 …

Experimental Investigation Of Compressive And Wear Behavior Of Polymer/Cnt Nanocomposites, Mohanad J. Hameed Al-Karawi

Terra Joule Journal

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has wide usage in structural and tribological applications, but low compressive strength and poor wear resistance limit its performance in load-bearing sliding conditions. This study investigates the impacts of ultra-low concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on flexural properties at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt. % on the mechanical and frictional behavior of PMMA nanocomposites. The mechanical performance was analyzed by load–displacement and stress–strain analysis, and the wear behavior was studied using a pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding conditions. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of MWCNTs while maintaining their graphitic structure within the polymer matrix. The …

Incorporation Effect Of Sustainable Fuels And Soot Particles Characteristics On Engine Oils (Sae 5w/30) Behavior In Diesel Engine, Mohammed A. Fayad, Raghad R. Mahdi, Amani Ahmed, M.A.I. Al-Hamid, Suha A. Mohammed, Shaimaa B. Al-Baghdadi, Wissam H. Alawee, Francisco J. Martos

Terra Joule Journal

Incomplete combustion within the combustion chamber generates numerous gaseous and solid emissions, including soot particles. Some of these soot particles are expelled through the exhaust nozzle, while others accumulate on the cylinder walls and accumulated in the engine oil. The accumulation of soot particles in engine oil is considered one of the most important factors affecting engine performance. It causes degrades the oil through their interaction, thus affecting the oil's viscosity, oxidation, and corrosion properties. Therefore, the combined effects of sustainable fuel and soot particles characteristics on engine oil behaviour were studied in this study. Soot samples extracted from lubricant …

The Hoynes Code, Notre Dame Law School

Hoynes Code

A COMPILATION OF FACULTY RESOLUTIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GOVERNING NOTRE DAME LAW SCHOOL

This code governs legal education at the University of Notre Dame in all programs and in all locations. Requirements for the LL.M. and J.S.D. degrees are included in the appendices.

Navigating The Ethical Landscape Of Ai Created Responsibility Gaps In Healthcare, Kelsey Dwyer '26

Honor Scholar Theses

This work is a philosophical analysis of the ethical dilemma of AI-created responsibility gaps, or the idea that it is challenging to find someone to hold responsible for outcomes produced by an autonomous system. In particular, my focus is specifically on addressing responsibility gaps created by AI used in healthcare. This complex issue of responsibility gaps becomes more intense in the setting of critical areas of life like healthcare, where moral responsibility is a foundational component of upholding medical ethics. My paper will take a deep dive into exploring the intricacies of this complex problem by applying a pre-existing conceptual …

Plastics, Microplastics, And The Gut Microbiome: Restoring Scientific Communication To Fight For Public Health, Benjamin Sanders '26

Honor Scholar Theses

Over the course of eight years from 2016 to 2024, a study by Nature Medicine found that the concentration of plastics in the brain increased by 50%. Even samples from patients with a documented dementia diagnosis showed a greater accumulation of microplastics (Nihart, 2025). In one of the most protected regions of our body, microplastics have made themselves known. In one of the most exposed regions of the human body, the story is no different. With the emergence of gut microbiome science and understanding, researchers are just beginning to discover the unique interplay between the microbiota of our gastrointestinal tract …

Knightly Arts For Modern Audiences: Faithfully Portraying Historical European Martial Arts In Contemporary Media, Justus (Isaiah) Morgan '26

Honor Scholar Theses

The ahistorical spectacular stylization of medieval and Renaissance European martial arts, which is common in modern artistic media, is flawed. In at least some cases a historically informed approach is preferable. This thesis describes how one might take such a historically informed approach to writing a fight scene. It examines the martial arts practiced by elite members of society through the medieval poems Beowulf and The Song of Roland, and through martial arts manuals including Fiore de’i Liberi’s Flos Delatorum, the glosses of Johannes Liechtenauer’s Zettel, and the rapier manuals of Camillo Agrippa and Girard Thibault d’Anvers. It considers audience …

Using Metacognitive Strategies To Increase Student Success At A Community College, Adam Blair

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A capstone submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the Ernst and Sara Lane Volgenau College of Education at Morehead State University by Adam Blair of April 6, 2026.

Graduate Council Minutes 2026-04-06, Northern Illinois University

Graduate Council Archives

No abstract provided.