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Aging In Remote Waters: How Are Hawaiian Monk Seal Teeth Documenting Environmental Impacts?, Megan Martiello, Mason Schleicher, Ally Sheehan Apr 2026

Aging In Remote Waters: How Are Hawaiian Monk Seal Teeth Documenting Environmental Impacts?, Megan Martiello, Mason Schleicher, Ally Sheehan

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The Hawaiian Monk Seal (HMS) is the second most endangered pinniped species, and an apex predator endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago. Majority of the population resides in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands which are divided into three regions for research purposes: Northern Hawaiian Island (NHI), Central Hawaiian Island (CHI), and Southern Hawaiian Island (SHI). This study analyzed long-term trace elements (TE) exposure in HMS by measuring 17 TEs (Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ba, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, V, Zn) in cementum growth layer groupings (GLGs) of canine teeth using laser ablation induced coupled plasma mass …

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Protecting Citrus Through Patents: Legal And Economic Implications Of Uf/Ifas Biotechnological Advances, Laeila Scott Apr 2026

Protecting Citrus Through Patents: Legal And Economic Implications Of Uf/Ifas Biotechnological Advances, Laeila Scott

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Citrus greening, or Huanglongbing (HLB), threatens the survival of Florida's citrus industry, driving innovation in disease-resistant crops through biotechnology. This research examines how intellectual property (IP) law shapes these advancements, focusing on the direct industry impact of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). Through analyzing patent strategies, licensing models, and governance structures, this study explores the balance between proprietary protections and public access. Additionally, it considers broader ethical and economic implications, including the challenges of patent enforcement and the impact on citrus growers. This research situates UF/IFAS's biotechnological innovations within the larger legal and economic …

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The Impact Of Ai On The U.S. Electrical Grid, Madison Doyle Apr 2026

The Impact Of Ai On The U.S. Electrical Grid, Madison Doyle

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.

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Human Rights, Equality And The Quest For Liberty, Michael Macharia Apr 2026

Human Rights, Equality And The Quest For Liberty, Michael Macharia

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.

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Not Yearning To Be Saved: Arranged (2007) And The Politics Of Liberal Savior Narratives, Shaheer Afaqi Apr 2026

Not Yearning To Be Saved: Arranged (2007) And The Politics Of Liberal Savior Narratives, Shaheer Afaqi

Journal of Religion & Film

In recent decades, Western film and television platforms have devoted growing attention to portrayals of Orthodox Jewish and Muslim communities. However, a significant subset of these productions is marked by an important limitation: the trend of savior narratives. Such narratives are based on the notion that Orthodox Jewish women and observant Muslim women are often yearning to escape their customs and communities. These narratives are a product of the liberal assumption that individual autonomy is central to human flourishing. However, this article argues that Arranged (2007) prepares audiences to question this assumption and thereby revisit savior narratives. Analyzing the film …

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Contemplative Absence: Sacred Experience In Abbas Kiarostami’S The Wind Will Carry Us And The Aesthetics Of Slow Cinema, Hessam Abedini Apr 2026

Contemplative Absence: Sacred Experience In Abbas Kiarostami’S The Wind Will Carry Us And The Aesthetics Of Slow Cinema, Hessam Abedini

Journal of Religion & Film

This article examines how Abbas Kiarostami’s The Wind Will Carry Us (1999) creates sacred experience through systematic absence within contemporary slow cinema aesthetics. While previous scholarship has focused on religious content in spiritual cinema, this analysis demonstrates how formal techniques—particularly strategic concealment and extended duration—generate contemplative states without explicit religious references. Drawing on Paul Schrader’s transcendental style theory and recent slow cinema scholarship, the article traces how Kiarostami adapts Persian poetic traditions, particularly concepts of pardeh (veiling) and the interplay between bāṭin (hidden) and ẓāhir (manifest), to create meaning through what remains unseen. The dying woman who never appears, the …

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Connected Automated Vehicles As Emergent Control Agents: Reinforcement Learning For Cooperative Traffic Control In Urban Networks, Ayomide Afolabi, Duleep Rathgamage Don, Mahyar Amirgholy Apr 2026

Connected Automated Vehicles As Emergent Control Agents: Reinforcement Learning For Cooperative Traffic Control In Urban Networks, Ayomide Afolabi, Duleep Rathgamage Don, Mahyar Amirgholy

Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) Conference

Traffic congestion continues to pose a significant challenge, particularly in urban areas characterized by large populations and increasing vehicle ownership. Despite the implementation of various traffic management systems to address this issue, there remains substantial potential to introduce more advanced, intelligent and data-driven traffic management systems. These systems could further mitigate traffic congestion when integrated with existing measures. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning-based system (CAVRLS) that uses connected automated vehicles (CAVs) in mixed traffic environments to enable real-time centralized cooperative traffic control with the aim of reducing congestion in an inner congested network encircled by an outer …

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Voice-Controlled Unmanned Aerial System Using A Fine-Tuned Small Language Model For Real-Time Command Parsing, Owais Ahmed, Joseph Stanziano, Ram Sudharsanan, Raj Kondragunta, Adeel Khalid Apr 2026

Voice-Controlled Unmanned Aerial System Using A Fine-Tuned Small Language Model For Real-Time Command Parsing, Owais Ahmed, Joseph Stanziano, Ram Sudharsanan, Raj Kondragunta, Adeel Khalid

Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) Conference

This paper presents the concept and architectural design of a voice-controlled Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) that leverages a fine-tuned Small Language Model (SLM) to convert natural language voice commands into structured MAVLink flight instructions in real time. A custom quadcopter platform has been designed and assembled with a Pixhawk flight controller, and a web-based interface has been developed to integrate browser-based speech recognition with on-device SLM inference. We describe a systematic evaluation methodology for five candidate SLMs spanning encoder-decoder and decoder-only architectures, a custom dataset of 5,450 labeled drone command samples covering 11 operational command types and an unknown rejection …

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Distance-Based Clustering For Identifying Patterns In Lifetime Smoking Trajectories, Maryam Eghbalizarch, Niloufar Eghbali Apr 2026

Distance-Based Clustering For Identifying Patterns In Lifetime Smoking Trajectories, Maryam Eghbalizarch, Niloufar Eghbali

Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) Conference

Cigarette smoking remains a major public health issue in the United States, causing more than 480,000 deaths annually and leading to significant healthcare and economic costs. Understanding smoking behavior over the life course is important for developing effective public health interventions. In this study, the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) Smoking History Generator (SHG), which simulates individual life histories of smoking and mortality in the United States, was used to generate the smoking trajectories. A total of 200,000 individuals (100,000 males and 100,000 females) from the 1960 birth cohort were simulated. An unsupervised distance-based clustering (k-means) algorithm was …

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Xagentmaint: Explainable Agentic Systems For Predictive Maintenance In Industrial Digital Twin Environments, Shikhar Patel, Sankeerth Adisha Apr 2026

Xagentmaint: Explainable Agentic Systems For Predictive Maintenance In Industrial Digital Twin Environments, Shikhar Patel, Sankeerth Adisha

Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) Conference

Predictive maintenance in manufacturing demands more than accurate failure forecasting. Maintenance engineers require transparent and auditable decision rationale to act confidently. Industrial digital twin environments produce rich and continuous streams of sensor data. Existing AI models typically surface only numerical anomaly scores without contextual explanation. This paper presents XAgentMaint, an explainable agentic AI framework for predictive maintenance. The system integrates a Retrieval-Augmented Generation knowledge base with a ReAct reasoning agent. An XGBoost failure classifier serves as the core prediction component throughout the pipeline. All three components are evaluated on the NASA CMAPSS turbofan degradation dataset across all four sub-datasets (FD001-FD004), …

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A Civil War Of Screens: How Partisan Media Fractures American Democracy, Ava Khlopin Apr 2026

A Civil War Of Screens: How Partisan Media Fractures American Democracy, Ava Khlopin

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Political polarization in the United States has always consistently posed a fragile threat to democratic stability, as seen in historic timelines of the Civil War. With the rise of highly partisan media, these threats have rapidly increased over the past two decades, forcing ideological division and threatening our nation's unity once again. This research focuses on whether partisan media affects political polarization. The study utilizes the NES data set and incorporates Framing Theory, Selective Exposure Theory, and Participatory Media Theory to examine the relationship between exposure to a particular media stream and ideological extremity. The results indicate that viewers of …

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Understanding Atopic Dermatitis In East Asian Populations, Kaitlin Chao Apr 2026

Understanding Atopic Dermatitis In East Asian Populations, Kaitlin Chao

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder driven by disrupted skin barriers and immune dysregulation. While much research has explored its mechanisms, most studies focus on generalized populations, overlooking critical ethnic differences. East Asian individuals, for example, experience a particularly high prevalence of AD, linked to unique genetic and immunologic patterns. Common FLG mutations in East Asians include R501X and c.3321delA; however, certain ethnic subgroups carry other variants, such as K4022X, S3296X, and S2889X, demonstrating how different mutations contribute to a range of atopic dermatitis severity. Immune analyses further reveal heightened Th17 and Th2 activation, elevated IgE levels, …

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More Utilitarian Or Less Deontological? A Process Dissociation Approach, Kyle Fleming Apr 2026

More Utilitarian Or Less Deontological? A Process Dissociation Approach, Kyle Fleming

Undergraduate Student Symposium

It is well known in consumer behavior research that normatively equivalent tasks can elicit different preferences. Recent work has extended this finding to moral judgments, showing that matching tasks elicit stronger utilitarian preferences than choice or rating tasks. However, the processes driving these reversals remain unclear. According to the reflective utilitarian view, deeper processing increases utilitarian tendencies (i.e., the perceived importance of the outcome increases relative to the intrinsic moral value of the action). The intuitive deontologist view posits that deeper processing decreases deontological tendencies (i.e., the moral value of an action becomes less important). Finally, the reflective minimalist view …

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Low-Dose Atropine As A Therapeutic Intervention For Myopia Progression, Annabelle Chang Apr 2026

Low-Dose Atropine As A Therapeutic Intervention For Myopia Progression, Annabelle Chang

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The prevalence of myopia (nearsightedness) is growing at an increasingly alarming rate throughout the world. Data from 2010 measured myopia presence in the world's population to be 27% yet is predicted to reach 52% by 2050. One of the most common interventions implemented today is low dose atropine (0.01-0.05%) which acts upon muscarinic receptors in the back of the eye to slow eyeball elongation. The objective of this experiment is to examine the effectiveness of low dose atropine on slowing myopia progression in children by monitoring refractive error and axial length. It was hypothesized that low dose atropine will produce …

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Importance Of Patient-Provider Concordance And Sickle Cell Disease, Hamza Atiq Shaikh, Shivank Lattupally, Stavya Gupta Apr 2026

Importance Of Patient-Provider Concordance And Sickle Cell Disease, Hamza Atiq Shaikh, Shivank Lattupally, Stavya Gupta

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and approximately 100,000 individuals in the United States, with a disproportionate impact on African American communities. The disease is characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells that restrict blood flow, leading to chronic pain, organ damage, and reduced life expectancy. While medical advances such as hydroxyurea therapy, bone marrow transplantation, and emerging gene therapies have improved disease management, many patients continue to experience barriers in receiving effective and equitable care. One factor that may influence patient outcomes is patient-provider concordance, defined as shared characteristics such …

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Elucidating Complex H Behavior In Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors By Machine Learning, Lucas Ethington Apr 2026

Elucidating Complex H Behavior In Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors By Machine Learning, Lucas Ethington

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

In this project, the disordered oxide structures will be mapped by a machine-learning algorithm (e.g., HDBSCAN) to identify characteristic behaviors of the proton across different material densities and defect types. This should help identify the under-coordinated, highly distorted, weakly-bonded, and dynamically unstable atoms to predict the most probable H locations. This fast and accurate prediction of energetically favorable H distribution will enable a reliable and fast screening of a large number of AOSs with variable cation and/or anion compositions. The approach will help find AOSs with suppressed numbers of M-OH defects (that form deep electron traps, limiting the number of …

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Lay Summarization For Medical Patents, Manav Raja Vinotha Apr 2026

Lay Summarization For Medical Patents, Manav Raja Vinotha

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

Technical documents, such as medical patents, are often inaccessible to non-expert audiences due to specialized terminology. This paper presents a multi-agent system for automated lay summarization that optimizes both quality and computational efficiency through strategic task decomposition. The proposed pipeline utilizes four specialized stages: autonomous medical entity retrieval from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), context distillation into lay conceptualizations, and a structured writer-critic loop for iterative refinement. By distributing cognitive load across specialized agents, this architecture effectively leverages smaller, cost-effective language models while maintaining the performance of SOTA LLMs. Evaluated against single-agent baselines using an LLM as a Judge …

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Effects Of Pfas On Willow And Poplar Growth, Jamie Koester Apr 2026

Effects Of Pfas On Willow And Poplar Growth, Jamie Koester

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being evaluated for uptake and distribution in vascular plants, with unique findings for PFAS concentrations within different plant tissue. This work investigates the effects of PFAS on willow and poplar growth in an attempt to extrapolate findings to other tree species. These findings allow for an understanding of the consequences PFAS has on agriculture and the food chain. As PFAS are persistent the need for sustainable and safe remediation techniques to protect human health and the environment are critically needed.

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Analysis Of Autonomous Vehicle Survivability To 5g Communication Errors, Sydney Clark Apr 2026

Analysis Of Autonomous Vehicle Survivability To 5g Communication Errors, Sydney Clark

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

Autonomous vehicles rely on low-latency, high-reliability data exchange for real-time perception and control. Disruptions such as packet loss, latency variation, protocol-level errors, and malicious interference can pose significant safety risks to both passengers and surrounding environments. This project aims to evaluate, quantify, and predict the survivability of autonomous vehicle systems to communication errors, with focus on 5G network environments. The impact of these communication impairments on vehicle stability and control will be investigated through high-fidelity cyber-physical simulation of the vehicle and its surrounding environment. Experiments designed to capture varying network conditions will be used to assess a broad range of …

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A Wearable Mxene-Based Sweat Sensor For Real-Time Monitoring Of Inflammatory Biomarkers, Ariel Pilger Apr 2026

A Wearable Mxene-Based Sweat Sensor For Real-Time Monitoring Of Inflammatory Biomarkers, Ariel Pilger

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

Many conventional biosensing approaches rely on invasive sampling or bulky benchtop instrumentation, limiting their use in continuous and portable applications. This project focuses on the development of wearable sweat-based biosensors that enable non-invasive, continuous, and portable monitoring of physical, chemical, and biological markers. The system will be designed to target markers present in sweat and transduce the biochemical interactions into measurable electrical signals. These signals will be processed through integrated electronics to produce clear, interpretable outputs for users and medical professionals. Supporting circuitry including filters, amplifiers, and an independent power supply will be implemented as necessary to ensure signal accuracy, …

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The Effects Of Preventing Dephosphorylation Of Lqg1 On Cytokinesis, Jenna Mueller Apr 2026

The Effects Of Preventing Dephosphorylation Of Lqg1 On Cytokinesis, Jenna Mueller

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

Iqg1 plays crucial roles in cytokinesis, including the assembly, contraction, and disassembly of the actomyosin ring, as well as the coordination of contraction and septation. Given that cytokinesis must occur post-mitosis, Iqg1 is regulated by the cell cycle. This study explores hypotheses regarding Iqg1 regulation: it’s binding to action is negatively influenced by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Cdc28 and positively influenced by dephosphorylation via Cdc14. Newly developed yeast degron tagged strains allow for rapid depletion of specific proteins. Iqg1 mutations that alter serine to threonine, which allows phosphorylation but not dephosphorylation, in the degron strain allow testing of mutant phenotypes. …

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Vortex Generation In Dipolar Supersolids, Jacob Harl Apr 2026

Vortex Generation In Dipolar Supersolids, Jacob Harl

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

Ultracold atomic gases offer highly tunable platforms for exploring complex quantum many-body phenomena. In addition, dipolar quantum gases of magnetic atoms featuring long-range anisotropic interactions are exquisite systems for realizing exotic phases-of-matter in an experimentally controlled way. A prototypical example is the supersolid state which simultaneously exhibits frictionless flow of superfuids and crystalline density modulation of solids. In this realm, we investigate the dynamical generation of vortex topological defects by imprinting a suitable phase jump in quasi-two-dimensional dipolar supersolids. This protocol enables the nucleation of a dark soliton which consecutively becomes unstable via the eponymous snake instability due to its …

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A Speed-Adjusted Centipawn Metric For Chess Cheating Detection, Benjamin Sullins, Benjamin Biehl Apr 2026

A Speed-Adjusted Centipawn Metric For Chess Cheating Detection, Benjamin Sullins, Benjamin Biehl

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

The proliferation of chess engines has compromised the integrity of online play through both manual assistance and automated bots. This research proposes Si, a novel metric designed to quantify unnatural play by integrating move latency, the relative strength of the selected move, and the density of high-quality alternatives available in a given position. By fitting Si  values to theoretical probability distributions across specific Elo ratings and time controls, we establish a statistical baseline for human performance. Discrepancies between an individual's Si  profile and these established distributions provide a robust framework for identifying artificially inflated play, offering a potential method for …

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The Stability Study Of Dna-Polymer Hybrids For Nanotechnology Applications, Ethan Kuehn, Milan Jebaraj Apr 2026

The Stability Study Of Dna-Polymer Hybrids For Nanotechnology Applications, Ethan Kuehn, Milan Jebaraj

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

DNA nanostructures have garnered increasing interest in their application as drug delivery vehicles. However, DNA is susceptible to degradation under physiological conditions. To remedy this, we have devised a novel method to coat DNA nanostructures with the polysaccharide chitosan (a natural derivative of chitin). Chitosan binds to DNA electrostatically and inhibits nuclease activity that would normally degrade DNA in a physiological environment. We used both agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the stability of DNA before and after immersion in a simulated biological environment. Physiological conditions were mimicked by incubating the DNA in cell culture …

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Artificial Intelligence Liability: Implications And Best Practices For Legal Professionals And Ai Developers, Alyssa Heinze Apr 2026

Artificial Intelligence Liability: Implications And Best Practices For Legal Professionals And Ai Developers, Alyssa Heinze

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence into the legal profession has transformed legal research, drafting, and decision-making, while simultaneously introducing novel ethical, regulatory, and liability risks. As attorneys increasingly rely on generative AI systems, concerns surrounding hallucinations, bias, confidentiality breaches, and deceptive outputs have exposed both legal professionals and AI developers to heightened scrutiny. This presentation examines the current and emerging landscape of artificial intelligence liability in the United States, with particular attention to the absence of a comprehensive federal regulatory framework and the constitutional controversy surrounding Executive Order 14179 and its preemption of state AI legislation. By analyzing federal …

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Addressing Co-Occurring Mental Illness In Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ella Riddle Apr 2026

Addressing Co-Occurring Mental Illness In Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ella Riddle

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Co-occurring mental health conditions are highly prevalent among adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and represent a significant area of concern in adult mental health care. A 2014 study published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders reports that between 73%-81% of adults with ASD meet the criteria for at least one co-occurring mental illness (Buck et al., 2014). The national average of adults living with mental illness, as determined in 2022, is 23.1% (National Institute of Health, 2022). As these statistics illustrate, adults with ASD experience high rates of co-occurring mental illness, yet these conditions are often treated …

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Long Covid Analyzed: A Systematic Review Comparing Adults Affected By Long Covid To Adults Without Persistent Symptoms, Dev Patel Apr 2026

Long Covid Analyzed: A Systematic Review Comparing Adults Affected By Long Covid To Adults Without Persistent Symptoms, Dev Patel

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Over one-hundred million Americans were diagnosed with COVID-19, resulting in over one million deaths so far. Long COVID is defined as a chronic condition that presents a wide range of conditions occurring after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is present for at least three months. Since there is no definite test for Long Covid, many individuals may not know that they have this illness. Therefore, it is imperative within the Public Health field to synthesize current research to generate meaningful interventions and preventive practices. The research question is "What is the symptom spectrum like clusters, burden, for adults eighteen or older diagnosed …

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The Impact Of Mouthwashes On Oral Microbiome Communities In University Students, Jinil Milind Shah, Simar Mathoun, Richa Rajesh, Hyungkyu Kim, Varsha Adabala, Chelsea Borja, Rhianna Jacob, Trisha Jois, Jordan Monteiro, Noura Naami Apr 2026

The Impact Of Mouthwashes On Oral Microbiome Communities In University Students, Jinil Milind Shah, Simar Mathoun, Richa Rajesh, Hyungkyu Kim, Varsha Adabala, Chelsea Borja, Rhianna Jacob, Trisha Jois, Jordan Monteiro, Noura Naami

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The oral cavity hosts a complex microbial ecosystem, which can be altered due to physical or chemical exposures, such as dental mouthwashes. This study examined the short-term impact of two commonly used Listerine mouthwashes, alcohol-containing and alcohol-free, compared to water (as control) on the oral microbiome and salivary pH in a college student population. Oral swab samples were collected after the oral rinse and salivary pH measurements were obtained to assess immediate biochemical changes. Microbial DNA was extracted and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq platform, producing …

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Exploring The Presence Of Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops) In The Muscle Tissue Of Various Alaskan Salmon Species, Sara Simonetti, Victoria Angelini, Vanessa Miro Apr 2026

Exploring The Presence Of Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops) In The Muscle Tissue Of Various Alaskan Salmon Species, Sara Simonetti, Victoria Angelini, Vanessa Miro

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Alaska supplies 60% of the fish consumed in the United States; therefore, determining the presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in fish sourced from that area is critical. POPs are chemical compounds that are classified as one of 209 congeners of either polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). They resist degradation and contribute to a range of harmful effects to both humans and wildlife, such as cancers and birth defects. Their introduction into the environment stemmed from their industrial and agricultural usage. However, despite being banned by the Stockholm Convention in 2004, they continue to be present in …

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Marine Mammal Bone As Recorder Of Trace Element Dynamics During The Past 5500 Years In The North Pacific Ocean, Aidan Pflieger Apr 2026

Marine Mammal Bone As Recorder Of Trace Element Dynamics During The Past 5500 Years In The North Pacific Ocean, Aidan Pflieger

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The North Pacific Ocean has been geologically dynamic and biologically diverse since the Last Glacial Maximum (20,000 ybp). Natural fluctuations in island arc volcanism and climate likely influence the input of essential and nonessential trace elements to the Aleutian Island Archipelago, even to present day. Accumulation of these elements in the region's marine food webs provides a measure of natural fluctuations in the environment. Ninety-eight samples of tephra-preserved marine mammal bone (primarily pinnipeds) sourced from temporally identified archeological Aleut midden sites on Unalaska Island (5500-200 ypb), were analyzed for 20 trace elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations …

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