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On Time-Series Analysis By Structured Matrix Decompositions With Applications To Signal Direction-Of-Arrival Estimation, Georgios Ierotheos Orfanidis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Modern autonomous systems operating in highly dynamic, non-stationary environments require reliable inference from short, potentially corrupted time-series measurements, where conventional statistical methods relying on large-sample support and stationarity assumptions become fundamentally inapplicable. This dissertation develops a unified, model-free theoretical framework for time-series analysis, with a particular application to signal Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) estimation, grounded in structured matrix decompositions under both the L2-norm and L1-norm formulations.

We first approach the problem from a conventional viewpoint by carrying out standard matrix analysis directly on Hankel-structured representations of time-series data. In this context, we demonstrate that L1-norm decompositions of Hankel matrices offer strong resistance …

Molecular Catalysts For Electrochemical Nitrogen Activation Toward Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis, Jin-Xiu Han, Hao Xue, Xian-Biao Fu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Homogeneous electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) provides a powerful framework to interrogate molecular nitrogen-fixation pathways under mild conditions. By tuning the metal center, ligand architecture, and reaction medium, these systems enable capturing key intermediates and delivering mechanistic insight at the molecular-level resolution. Nevertheless, advances remain constrained by highly reduced operating potentials, intense competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), limited durability in turnover, and inadequate long-term stability.

In this review, we take electron delivery to the molecular active site as the guiding principle for organizing homogeneous electrochemical N₂ activation and transformation. We classify reported systems into direct electron transfer …

Water-Driven Solid Electrolyte Interphase Governs Continuous-Flow Ammonia Electrosynthesis, Peng-Bo Liu, Sheng-Liang Zhai, Ji Huang, Zhong-Shuo Zhang, Jie Zeng, Shao-Feng Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Flow-cell architectures have emerged as a powerful platform for continuous and stable lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction (Li-NRR), enabling ambient-condition electrochemical ammonia synthesis and offering a promising alternative to Haber-Bosch processes. However, Li-NRR is exceptionally sensitive to trace water, and even minor variations in water content can profoundly alter interfacial chemistry. Here, we systematically investigate how initial water concentration affects Li-NRR performance in a continuous-flow cell. Excess water drives the formation of a thick solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which may impede nitrogen access to metallic lithium and hinder lithium-ion transport. As a result, the ammonia Faradaic efficiency collapses from ~61% to …

Electrospun Pan-Derived Carbon Nanofibers Embedded With Nicofew-Based High-Entropy Oxides For Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction, Alireza Noroozi, Mahdavi, M. Baris Yagci, Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi, Saeed Bazgir, Hadi Jahangiri, Uğur Ünal

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

High-entropy oxides composed of Ni, Co, Fe, W, and a fifth transition element (Mo, Mn, or Cu) were integrated into electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers to form porous nitrogen-doped carbon membranes for the oxygen evolution reaction. Gas-assisted electrospinning enabled uniform dispersion of high-entropy oxide nanoparticles within the polyacrylonitrile matrix, while calcination at 800°C produced conductive carbon frameworks embedding crystalline high-entropy oxides with homogeneous elemental distribution. Structural and surface analyses confirmed the preservation of high-entropy oxide phases, catalytic graphitization of the carbon matrix, and strong interfacial bonding between metal oxides and carbon. Among all compositions, Mo-HEO@NC exhibited the lowest overpotential (≈240 mV at …

Information Security Strategies To Thwart Cybersecurity Attacks In The Financial Services Industry, Donovan Anthony Miles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Financial markets and industries are vulnerable to ransomware attacks. Information technology (IT) security subject matter experts (SMEs) are concerned about ransomware cyberattacks on critical infrastructure that threaten their customers’ financial privacy and the institution’s reputation, causing severe financial losses and diminishing productivity. Grounded in the diffusion of innovation theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore strategies IT security SMEs use to increase the implementation of existing solutions to thwart cybersecurity attacks in the financial services sector. The participants were six IT security SMEs in the financial industry in the Northeast United States who were responsible for …

Theoretical Study Of Electronic Properties Of Functionalized Monolayers: Cu, Ag, Au, And Pt Atomic Wires On Graphene, H-Bn Monolayer, Silicene, And Phosphorene, Mythreyee T. Aasuri, Mukesh K. Choudhary, Narender Kumar, Ravindra Pandey

Michigan Tech Publications

The structural and electronic properties of graphene, h-BN monolayer, silicene, and phosphorene monolayers functionalized with Cu, Ag, Au, and Pt atomic wires were investigated using van der Waals─corrected density functional theory. These atomic wires form stable, functionalized monolayers that exhibit physisorption on planar monolayers and chemisorption on nonplanar ones. This results in either linear or bent configurations of the atomic wires, depending on the interface strength, leading to distinct electronic states. A weaker interface induces metal-induced gap states near the Fermi level, whereas a stronger interface results in covalently hybridized states farther from the Fermi level. Analysis of the electron …

Histological Analysis Of Six Atlantic Scleractinian Coral Species Exposed To Three Hydrocarbons, 1-Methylnapthalene, Phenanthrene, And Toluene, Jalyn R. Lee

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Coral reefs are biologically diverse marine ecosystems that provide numerous goods and ecosystem services. These sessile organisms are vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, habitat degradation, climate change, and pollution, particularly Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Previous research has characterized coral species' sensitivity to hydrocarbons, using a continuous passive dosing system, but the specific histological impacts of petroleum hydrocarbons remain underexplored. This study investigates the histological effects of three petroleum hydrocarbons, 1-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, and toluene, on six Atlantic scleractinian coral species: Acropora cervicornis, Porites astreoides, Porites divaricata, Solenastrea bournoni, Stephanocoenia intersepta, and Siderastrea siderea. Coral fragments were exposed to species-specific hydrocarbon concentrations, and …

Forget-Me-Not: Facilitating Social Vibrancy In Spaces Designed For Alzheimer's Disease, Torilyn Mossner

Honors Theses

The objective of this capstone project is to create a foundation for vibrant community interactions and connections that support those living with Alzheimer’s disease, their loved ones, and the broader members of the community through interior design. This work is relevant because Alzheimer’s disease affects 1 in 9 people over the age of sixty-five worldwide. Without a cure, as people continue to age, there is going to be a constant need for development of care. Additionally, design should go a step further than healthy living and begin to prioritize creating a vibrant life and community integration for those living with …

Priority Research Questions To Generate Decision-Grade Data To Enable Coastal Ecosystems To Mitigate The Climate And Nutrient Crises, Gordon J. Watson, John Aldridge, Louise Anderson, Martin J. Attrill, William E.N. Austin, Keisha D. Bahr, Nicola Beaumont, Stefanie Broszeit, Annette Burden, Estela Delgado-Gargiulo, Evangelia G. Drakou, Mike Elliott, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Robinson W. Fulweiler, Angus Garbutt, Boze Hancock, Joerg D. Hardege, Joanna Harley, Ian W. Hendy, Jenny R. Hillman, Tim D. Jickells, Ana I. Lillebø, Mariana D.A.C. Lima, Peter I. Macreadie, Paulina Martinetto, Jackie Mellan, Alf Norkko, Ruth Parker, Michael P. Perring, Bernadette Pogoda

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Nature-Based Solutions, green-finance instruments and policies are now routinely constructed around carbon sequestration/storage (CSS) and nutrient bioremediation (NB). This integration builds on how Market-Based Instruments (e.g. payments-for-ecosystem-services) are regularly used in policies focused on terrestrial ecosystems. In marine and coastal systems poor understanding of CSS/NB biophysical processes and impacts of ecosystem quality/stressors, combined with methods and governance framework knowledge gaps, generate substantial uncertainty in outcomes. Reductions in output confidence preclude integration into Nature-Based Solutions, stifling market-based investment centred on conserving and restoring temperate coastal ecosystems. To navigate this complex, rapidly evolving area, researchers from six continents engaged in a Priority …

Utilization Of Natural Pumice Stone As A Low-Cost Ion Exchanger For Lead (Pb(Ii)) Removal: A Kinetics, Isotherms And Mechanisms Studies, Ahmad Sulaiman

Baghdad Science Journal

Pumice is one of the raw materials that is widely available, especially in the ``Middle East region and Turkey''. In this research, an ion exchanger was prepared from Syrian pumice by converting it into a low-silica ion exchanger (P_Na) for the removal of Pb²__MATH₀__⁺ uptake was 4.3 mmol/g (308.15 K). Removal efficiency was 100% at low concentrations and >80% at medium/high concentrations. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, and the equilibrium data fit well to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms (R² > 0.99).

Urgensi Keberadaan Hukum Antariksa Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia Dan Tantangan Pengembangannya, Anjar Supriadhie

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Menyambut Berlakunya Uu No. 5 Tahun 1999: Beberapa Harapan Dalam Penerapannya Oleh Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha, Hikmahanto Juwana

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

A Comparative Study Of Tin Electrorefining In Molten Licl–Kcl–Cacl₂: Experimental Two-Electrode Current Control And Theoretical Three-Electrode Potential Control, Bryant Johnson, George Ankrah, Ander Fuller, Devin Rappleye

Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)

Molten salt electrorefining is a mature technology for metal recovery, yet conventional current‑controlled, two‑electrode operation provides limited electrochemical selectivity and restricted insight into electrode‑specific behavior. In this work, a simplified model is developed to compare current‑controlled two‑electrode electrorefining data with a potential‑controlled three‑electrode electrorefining simulation using tin in molten LiCl–KCl–CaCl₂ as a surrogate for plutonium processing. The model examines anodic and cathodic limitations under fixed‑potential operation and evaluates implications for selectivity, efficiency, and runtime relative to experimentally demonstrated two‑electrode performance. Results indicate that independent potential control enables operation closer to thermodynamic selectivity limits, with the potential to suppress impurity oxidation …

Assessing Awareness, Understanding And Adoption Of Smart Buildings In Algeria: From Architects’ Perspectives, Asma Aribi, Karima Anouche

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

In recent years, smart buildings have been revolutionizing the construction industry through their potential to enhance energy efficiency, improve occupant comfort and safety, and promote sustainability in the built environment. Nevertheless, despite growing adoption in developed countries, implementation in developing nations, particularly Algeria, remains limited. A major barrier is the lack of awareness among architects regarding the benefits and technical aspects of these systems. This study aims to evaluate Algerian architects’ awareness and understanding of smart buildings. A mixed-methods approach was applied, beginning with a literature review to establish the theoretical framework, followed by a quantitative survey involving 134 practicing …

Study Of The Durability Of Mozabite Vernacular Architecture In Its Current State Through The Principle Of Contextualisation: Case Study Of The Beni-Isguen Ksar, Ghardaïa, Algeria, Samia Ouaal, Karima Anouche

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The study aims to assess how current Mozabite vernacular houses fit into their spatio-temporal context, focusing on the Beni-Isguen ksar in Ghardaïa, Algeria. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mozabite architecture once embodied ecological and sustainable housing, perfectly adapted to its environment. However, transformations intended to ensure durability have raised questions about contextualization, a core principle in sustainable development. Using a multi-method approach—comprising fieldwork, interviews, photographs, and observations of architecture and lifestyle—the study examined contextualization through a multidimensional grid that encompassed physical, environmental, social, cultural, economic, and historical aspects. Results indicate that while these dwellings preserve strong physical, cultural, …

The Role Of Functional Diversity In Urban Synergy For Placemaking In Urban Centers, Noor Hassan Khudhir, Sally Fakhry Khalaf

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Achieving urban synergy within the urban fabric is essential for building vibrant and efficient cities. Through its functional and spatial dimensions, urban synergy enhances the dynamism of urban centers and strengthens placemaking—the process of transforming ordinary spaces into lively, human-centered environments that integrate functional, social, and spatial needs. The concept of urban synergy emerged as a response to rapid urbanization, which has eroded the identity and functionality of many city centers. Understanding the relationship between urban synergy and placemaking is therefore crucial for developing integrated urban environments. This study examines how functional diversity within the urban structure influences urban synergy …

Socio-Spatial Interactions And Place Attachment: Towards Sustaining Traditional Shopping Areas, Ibrahim Abdallah Shinbira

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research examines how behavioral tendencies contribute to a sense of attachment to place in the historic shopping district of Misurata City, Libya. With urban growth transforming Misurata, preserving a deep connection to traditional zones presents a challenge. This study aims to identify elements that impact place attachment and suggests methods for improving urban environments. The research uses a qualitative methodology, integrating semi-structured interviews with 22 lifelong residents alongside systematic field observations to study behavioral tendencies, spatial interactions, and sociocultural factors. Major findings reveal that enhancing walkability and infrastructure, confronting cultural practices that create user separation, and safeguarding historic features …

Photogrammetry As A Technology For Preserving Architectural Heritage: An Applied Study Of The Al-Maqam Mosque In Basra, Armin Sarkis Markaryan, Farah Thiab, Hamed H. Samir

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Many countries aim to preserve their cultural heritage, encompassing both tangible and intangible aspects. This is achieved through various techniques, including digital methods, to record and document heritage buildings. One of the most prominent and widely used techniques is Photogrammetry, which is used for both three-dimensional and two-dimensional levels. Numerous studies have explored this technique and discussed its application to various types of buildings, including heritage and archaeological structures. The reviewed literature reveals a lack of application of this technique in architectural studies focused on preserving the built heritage of the city of Basra, particularly buildings with a religious character, …

Phenomenological Analysis Of The Interior Space Reconstructed For Post-War Traditional Houses In Old Mosul City, Abdula Alsarraf, Fawzia Irhayyim Hussein

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This study examines the lived experiences of residents of Mosul’s old city within reconstructed traditional houses following the war, addressing the gap in analyzing post-war residential spaces. It examines how reconstruction influences residents’ perceptions, sensory experiences, and attachment to place by comparing pre- and post-war conditions. Using a phenomenological approach, the study draws on concepts such as familiarity, pleasure, spirituality, human scale, natural lighting, spatial organization, functionality, color harmony, symbolism, nostalgia, decoration, and perceived height. Data were collected through a questionnaire involving 40 residents who were involved in the reconstruction of four traditional houses. Findings indicate that while renovations improve …

The Role Of Contemporary Technological Techniques In Drawing Scenarios For Future Urban Housing In Iraq, Zainab Mehdi Kzar, Ameera Jaleel Ahmed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Iraq faces major housing challenges due to the absence of strategic planning. Meanwhile, global technological advances offer new opportunities, as modern technologies prove effective in shaping future housing. These tools can offer sustainable solutions that address diverse societal needs. This research examines the role of contemporary technologies in shaping future housing scenarios in Iraq, addressing the problem: “The role of contemporary technologies in shaping future housing scenarios in Iraq.” The objective is to develop future visions for the urban housing sector by utilising technologies such as artificial intelligence, 3D printing, and robotics. An analytical methodology was adopted to examine key …

The Role Of Media Technology In The Social Sustainability Of Staged Spaces, Noora Dhyaa Al-Najjar, Enas Salim

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Multimedia technologies are effective tools for stimulating the senses and enhancing engagement in architectural spaces. By activating perception, they help transform static environments into interactive platforms that support social sustainability. This study aims to explore the role of multimedia in this process. A descriptive and analytical approach was employed, incorporating a literature review and an analysis of two case studies: one local and one global. Results showed that integrating multimedia improves vitality, visual appeal, and functional performance. It also strengthens users’ sense of identity and belonging while encouraging social interaction. Furthermore, multimedia enables the creation of immersive spaces rich in …

The Role Of City Brand Equity Effectiveness In Baghdad’S Branding, Shireen Kamil Zedan, Asmaa M. H. Al- Moqaram

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Urban branding has emerged as a contemporary strategy that significantly enhances the competitive advantage and global positioning of cities. This study examines the role of branding in attracting diverse stakeholders, such as residents, investors, and tourists, by analyzing the process of building brand equity in the context of implementing urban branding in Baghdad. The study employed a quantitative approach, focusing on data collection techniques centered around a survey directed at experts in urban design and development from various departments of architecture and engineering in Iraqi universities, as well as urban development experts from outside Iraq. The study's results demonstrated the …

Assessing The Influence Of Urban Street Network On Land Use Distribution In Historic Urban Cores, Aya Furat Alobaydi, Dhirgham Alobaydi, Sally F. K. Abdullah

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Historic urban cores are complex spatial systems where street network configuration is key to land use distribution and urban functions. In cities like Baghdad, understanding these spatial relationships is vital to balancing heritage preservation with urban needs. This research examines the impact of street network configuration on ground floor land use in the Old Rusafa historic core. Despite its cultural and historical importance, Old Rusafa faces problems of uncontrolled urban development and the decline of traditional urban forms. The study investigates how spatial accessibility, as indicated by street network morphology, is related to ground floor land use. Using a case …

Rethinking Baghdadi Coffee Shops And Their Sustainability Through Digital Technology, Vian Abd Al-Baseer M. Hasan, Enas Salim, Enas Ali Salman

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Baghdadi Coffee Shops have been a foundation for building interconnected social and cultural relationships over time and have been considered spatial behavioural patterns that express the culture of Baghdadi society. The current research focuses on integrating emerging digital technology into their physical structure to keep pace with life's developments and changes, raising the following question: "What are the transformations that Baghdadi Coffee Shops are witnessing as a result of emerging digital technology, and what is its impact on their sustainable role?" To answer this question, the research adopted an analytical approach that included revealing the architectural features of the transformations …

Revitalizing Heritage: Challenges And Opportunities For Sustainable Urban Development In Old Cities, Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi, Mufeed Ehsan Shok, Maria Abreu

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Old cities embody rich cultural and architectural heritage but face challenges in balancing preservation with sustainable urban development. This study examines common challenges and opportunities in achieving sustainability in historic cities through a comparative thematic analysis, synthesizing insights from global literature and expert interviews. A qualitative approach was employed, consisting of a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with several experts in urban planning, conservation, and policy. The findings identify four key challenges: restrictive preservation policies, financial constraints, social tensions from tourism-driven gentrification, and environmental vulnerabilities. However, opportunities include adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, community-led sustainability initiatives, and policy innovations …

Absurdity In Human Architecture Between Healing And Illness, Tuqa Mahmood Hameed, Ibrahim Jawad Al-Yousif

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Despite the evolution of architecture throughout the ages, it still exhibits a clear contrast between order and chaos, where ideas and forms intertwine to produce a diversity of outcomes between creativity and failure, healing and illness. This contrast highlights the presence of absurdity in contemporary architectural projects, serving as a rhetorical tool that challenges architectural conventions and expands the boundaries of human reason by presenting innovative solutions. Accordingly, the research problem is represented by the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the role of absurdity in shaping human architecture. The aim of the research was to reveal the role of …

Sustainable Heritage Tourism And Its Role In Achieving Urban Development In Historical Sites (The Historical City Center Of Erbil As A Case Study), Ghassan Hasan Hmmoud, Younis Saleem, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Sustainable heritage tourism has emerged as an important driver of growth. It emphasizes communication and sustainability and plays a pivotal role in the protection of these historical areas. This research aims to highlight the significant role of sustainable heritage tourism in urban development. The research problem was identified as: What role does sustainable heritage tourism play in the urban development of historical areas, and how is it highlighted at the local level? The historical centre of Erbil will serve as a case study. The findings reveal that tourism significantly influences the urban characteristics of the sites through integration and balance …

Games In Ludic Architecture: Outdoor Spaces Of School Buildings As A Case Study, Adel Kareem Hamel, Zainab Hussein Rauof, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research examines the application of game design principles, which enhance user enjoyment during gameplay, in creating engaging educational architectural environments. It focuses on analyzing game components and spatial characteristics that influence user experience. The primary aim is to explore how the relationship between architecture and games can be utilized to design a joyful and interactive school environment, particularly in outdoor spaces. The study highlights the importance of gamification in school architecture, specifically in its external spaces. Through a review of global and local studies, the research identifies the issue of limited understanding regarding the role of game design tools …

The Impact Of Smart Living On The Efficiency Of The Residential Neighbourhood Al-Narjess Residential City In Basra As A Case Study, Sabaa Mujtaba Abdulwahid, Safaaaldeen Ali, Mohammed Salih Alquraishi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Smart living is one of the key factors directly linked to the efficiency and effectiveness of residential neighbourhoods. This study reviewed previous literature examining the relationship between smart living and neighbourhood efficiency to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework. The research problem was identified as the knowledge gap regarding the impact of smart living on enhancing neighbourhood efficiency and increasing its value within the urban fabric. The study aimed to identify key indicators for achieving smart living, including safety, security, digital supervision, control mechanisms, and the main indicators for neighbourhood efficiency, such as efficient spatial orientation and a pedestrian-oriented smart transportation …

Ethical Considerations Of Technical Sustainability In Architectural Production, Bilal Hussien Salim, Laheib Ali Abdulhussain Al-Sayigh, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research explores the ethical considerations in architecture related to sustainable technologies, focusing on their integration with architectural practice. It identifies the research problem as the limited cognitive perception of ethical roles in sustainable architecture amidst technological advancements. The study aims to clarify both deep and superficial ethical structures in sustainable architectural practice under the use of sustainable technologies. The hypothesis posits that these ethical considerations, alongside their material and intellectual principles, significantly influence architectural outcomes. To address this, a conceptual framework was developed based on previous studies, which outlines two key indicators: deep and superficial ethical structures of technological …