Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 123781 - 123810 of 1114259

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Deep Transfer Learning And Image Segmentation For Fruit Recognition, Ahmad Odat, Mohammad Alodat Jul 2023

Deep Transfer Learning And Image Segmentation For Fruit Recognition, Ahmad Odat, Mohammad Alodat

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

This paper is structured in such a way that you can able to develop the fruit recognition web app from scratch with Machine Learning & Flask. The primary objective of this research is to identify plant products in order to estimate their pricing without having to rely on recollection to enabling retail market administration and enhancing the shopping experience for customers. Methods and techniques used in this research was machine learning, deep learning, data analysis, processing, and interpretation, depending on Experimental Methods, Survey Research, Meta-Analysis, and Data Mining to provide a comprehensive and robust analysis of the data. Convolutional neural …

Go to article

Binary Classification With Supervised Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis, Yassine El Aachab, Mohammed Kaicer, Youness Jouilil Jul 2023

Binary Classification With Supervised Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis, Yassine El Aachab, Mohammed Kaicer, Youness Jouilil

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

Over the past decade, Machine Learning has become a practical approach for simulating and examining social issues, notably poverty, education, and health diseases. This study compares the performance of various machine learning methods especially Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), and Logistic Regression (LR) in predicting poverty status. For this purpose, the present contribution employs a micro dataset which has been extracted from the National Survey on Household Consumption and Expenditure 2013/2014. Several evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, Cohen’s Kappa statistic, F1-score, and recall are used to evaluate the models’ outputs. The R results indicate that the three …

Go to article

New Perspectives On Predicting Economic Growth In The Presence Of Multicollinearity And Outliers, A. Ebiwonjumi, R. Chifurira, K. Chinhamu Jul 2023

New Perspectives On Predicting Economic Growth In The Presence Of Multicollinearity And Outliers, A. Ebiwonjumi, R. Chifurira, K. Chinhamu

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

Nigeria’s economic growth is a tremendous concern to policymakers, economics and scholars because of the inherent challenges of economic characteristics, consequences and contradictions. The Central Bank of Nigeria has implemented several policies such as tightening of monetary policy rate and heavy borrowing for infrastructural development to stimulate economic growth in the past few years. The prediction of economic growth from economic variables poses a challenge due to collinearity among the economic variables. In this study, we predict Nigerian economic growth using internal and external debt, interest and exchange rate as well as trade openness in the presence of multicollinearity and …

Go to article

On A Generalized Fractional Integral And Related Methodological Remarks, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Juan E. Na ́Poles Valde ́S, Shilpi Jain, Praveen Agarwal Jul 2023

On A Generalized Fractional Integral And Related Methodological Remarks, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Juan E. Na ́Poles Valde ́S, Shilpi Jain, Praveen Agarwal

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

In this paper, we define a generalized fractional integral of order α which are the natural extension of the newly defined k-fractional conformable integrals and they can be reduced to other fractional integrals. Later, the existence of such k-generalized integrals is proved. Finally, discuses some future possibilities.

Go to article

Certain Integral Inequalities Associated With The Strongly Harmonic H−Convex Functions, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Praveen Agarwal, Jorge E. Herna ́Ndez H., Shaher Momani Jul 2023

Certain Integral Inequalities Associated With The Strongly Harmonic H−Convex Functions, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Praveen Agarwal, Jorge E. Herna ́Ndez H., Shaher Momani

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

We study the concept of strongly harmonically h-convex functions and some examples and properties of them. Here, we develop few inequalities for this new class of functions, specifically these inequalities are: Hermite-Hadamard and Fejer. In addition, we establish some applications of our results to special media of non zero and non negative real numbers.

Go to article

Concerning The Inequality Of Hermite-Hadamard Generalized, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Juan E. Na ́Poles Valde ́S, Praveen Agarwal, Jorge Eliecer Herna ́Ndez Jul 2023

Concerning The Inequality Of Hermite-Hadamard Generalized, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Juan E. Na ́Poles Valde ́S, Praveen Agarwal, Jorge Eliecer Herna ́Ndez

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

n this paper, we present new extensions of the Hermite-Hadamard type generalized inequalities for convex functions, within the framework of a generalized operator integral. Results are general in nature.

Go to article

Structure A Public-Key Cryptosystem Based On Hss Algebra, Hiba Shakir Salman, Hassan Rashed Yassein Jul 2023

Structure A Public-Key Cryptosystem Based On Hss Algebra, Hiba Shakir Salman, Hassan Rashed Yassein

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

NTRU (Number theory research unit) is a public key cryptosystem that uses lattice-based cryptography. It is more resistant to assaults than other commonly used public-key cryptosystems, and its performance has been proven to be much better. This study introduces TRUHIB, a commutative variation of the NTRU, as a novel multidimensional public-key cryptosystem. It operates using a novel mathematical structure that consists of two public keys and five private keys. in a algebra called HSS algebra. This new structure has improved the security and sophistication of the public key cryptosystem.

Go to article

Assessing The Waste Management Practices In Stone And Marble Industry In Palestine: Practical Implications, Ahmad Ramahi, Yahya Saleh, Ruaa Binsaddig, Rahaf Ghozzi, Bara’ Abu Baker, Abdelraheem Khateeb Jul 2023

Assessing The Waste Management Practices In Stone And Marble Industry In Palestine: Practical Implications, Ahmad Ramahi, Yahya Saleh, Ruaa Binsaddig, Rahaf Ghozzi, Bara’ Abu Baker, Abdelraheem Khateeb

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

This paper aims at assessing the current status of solid waste management practices in stone and marble industry (SMI) facilities in Palestine. To this end, mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches have been adopted. Morse specifically, both field visits and semi-structured interviews as well as questionnaires have been employed to gather needed data from a randomly selected sample of Palestinian SMI faculties. Such data include facilities’ demographics, their infrastructure and production inputs, solid and liquid waste estimated quantities as well as the current waste management practice. Statistical analyses show that SMI facilities are highly heterogeneous in their profiles and practices. Besides, …

Go to article

Modelling And Optimal Control Strategies Of Corruption Dynamics, Temesgen Duressa Keno, Fekadu Mosisa Legesse Jul 2023

Modelling And Optimal Control Strategies Of Corruption Dynamics, Temesgen Duressa Keno, Fekadu Mosisa Legesse

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

In this study, we presented a non linear deterministic corruption transmission dynamics using optimal control analysis and cost effective strategies. To begin, we demonstrated that in a given set of initial conditions, the model solution is non-negative and bounded. A basic reproductive number is calculated using the corruption-free equilibrium point via the next generation matrix. The linearization and the Lyapunov function are then used to demonstrate how corruption-free equilibrium is both locally and globally stable. The corruption-free equilibrium point is asymptotically stable both locally and globally if the basic reproduction number is less than one; otherwise, an endemic corruption equilibrium …

Go to article

The Double Ara-Formable Transform With Applications, Rania Saadeh, Motasem M. Mustafa Jul 2023

The Double Ara-Formable Transform With Applications, Rania Saadeh, Motasem M. Mustafa

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

The main goal of this work is to introduce a new double transform named the double ARA-Formable transform (DARA- FT) we introduce the application of the new double transform to various fundamental functions and master properties. Additionally, we state and prove the convolution and existence theorems. Subsequently, by utilizing these findings, different kinds of partial differential equations (PDEs) are solved. We establish novel methods for resolving families of PDEs. With the latter, one can obtain precise answers to some well-known PDEs, including the telegraph equation, the advection-diffusion equation, the Klein-Gordon equation, and others. The results demonstrate the double ARA-Formable transform …

Go to article

Optimal Control Strategy On Mathematical Model For The Dynamics Of Mastitis, Basem Abu Izneid, Eshetu Dadi Gurmu, Legesse Lemecha Obsu, Abdisa Shiferaw Melese, Mohammad Kanan, Ahmad Al-Qerem Jul 2023

Optimal Control Strategy On Mathematical Model For The Dynamics Of Mastitis, Basem Abu Izneid, Eshetu Dadi Gurmu, Legesse Lemecha Obsu, Abdisa Shiferaw Melese, Mohammad Kanan, Ahmad Al-Qerem

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

Inthisstudy,anonlinearmathematicalmodelforthetransmissiondynamicsofmastitisdiseasesisformulatedandanalyzed. The local and global stability analysis of mastitis-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium is obtained using the stability theory of differential equation. It was established that the mastitis-free equilibrium is locally stable if the basic reproduction number is less than unity. The endemic equilibrium, which exists only when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity, is globally asymptotically stable. Sensitivity analysis of the reproduction number suggested that the concentration of bacteria in the environment has a high impact on the dynamics of mastitis. Furthermore, an optimal control problem is formulated by applying Pontryagin’s minimum principle with three control strategies, …

Go to article

Numerical Design And Optimization Of Near-Infrared Band- Pass Filter, Hafiza Syeeda Faiza, Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan, Basem A. Abu Izneid, Muhammad Azhar, Saira Riaz, Syed Sajjad Hussain, Saira Ikram, Mohsin Khan, Shahzad Naseem, Mohammad Kanan, Ibrahim M. Mansour Jul 2023

Numerical Design And Optimization Of Near-Infrared Band- Pass Filter, Hafiza Syeeda Faiza, Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan, Basem A. Abu Izneid, Muhammad Azhar, Saira Riaz, Syed Sajjad Hussain, Saira Ikram, Mohsin Khan, Shahzad Naseem, Mohammad Kanan, Ibrahim M. Mansour

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

Band-pass filters functioning in the near-infrared (IR) range are desired for laser technology, multi-photon fluorescence, and IR imaging applications. In this study, we have designed four band-pass filters in the near Infrared spectrum (900-1200 nm) by vertically stacking different high and low-index materials. The band-pass filters are modelled by Essential Macleod software with different thicknesses. The layer’s thicknesses were optimized in such a way to provide the negligible reflectance and maximum transmission on the front side. All the simulated band-pass filters exhibit high transmittance, but TiO2/Al2O3 and Ta2O5/Al2O3 outperforms other modelled structure in terms of performance due to the better …

Go to article

Ara-Sumudu Method For Solving Volterra Partial Integro-Differential Equations, Ahmad Qazza, Rania Saadeh, Shams A. Ahmed Jul 2023

Ara-Sumudu Method For Solving Volterra Partial Integro-Differential Equations, Ahmad Qazza, Rania Saadeh, Shams A. Ahmed

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

The major goal of the study, is investigate solving various kinds of Volterra integral equations via via a new method. This article presents a novel double ARA- Sumudu (ARA-S) transformation . this novel approach is implemented to handle some integral equations and partial integro-differential equations. Fundamental characteristics and results related to double ARA-S transformation are investigated including the existence, inverse derivative and the convolution property. Furthermore, to prove the applicability of the presented transform, we discuss the solution of some examples on integral equations using double ARA-S transformation.

Go to article

Prediction Of Dislocation Densities In Pure Metals And Alloys, J. Garey Weaver, Enrique Martinez Jul 2023

Prediction Of Dislocation Densities In Pure Metals And Alloys, J. Garey Weaver, Enrique Martinez

Chemistry Summer Research Program

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Polymersomes As Chemotherapeutic Agents For Non-Invasive Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Tj Fletcher, Molli Garifo, Jessica Larsen, Jessica Larsen Jul 2023

Polymersomes As Chemotherapeutic Agents For Non-Invasive Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Tj Fletcher, Molli Garifo, Jessica Larsen, Jessica Larsen

Chemistry Summer Research Program

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Federal Environmental Justice Legislation And Regulations, Nadia B. Ahmad Jul 2023

Federal Environmental Justice Legislation And Regulations, Nadia B. Ahmad

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Digital Marketing Science, Stephanie Cobian Jul 2023

Digital Marketing Science, Stephanie Cobian

Title III Professional Development Reports

Marketing involves implementing diverse strategies to promote products and services, strengthen market presence, and attain business success. It combines advertising expertise, sales proficiency, and efficient product delivery. While traditional channels like print, TV, and radio remain relevant, the internet has transformed marketing through digital approaches. Digital marketing utilizes websites, social media, search engines, and applications, enabling interactive communication and incorporating customer feedback. It revolutionizes how businesses engage with consumers in a two-way interaction.

Go to article

A Universal Unbiased Method For Classification From Aggregate Observations, Zixi Wei, Lei Feng, Bo Han, Tongliang Liu, Gang Niu, Xiaofeng Zhu, Heng Tao Shen Jul 2023

A Universal Unbiased Method For Classification From Aggregate Observations, Zixi Wei, Lei Feng, Bo Han, Tongliang Liu, Gang Niu, Xiaofeng Zhu, Heng Tao Shen

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

In conventional supervised classification, true labels are required for individual instances. However, it could be prohibitive to collect the true labels for individual instances, due to privacy concerns or unaffordable annotation costs. This motivates the study on classification from aggregate observations (CFAO), where the supervision is provided to groups of instances, instead of individual instances. CFAO is a generalized learning framework that contains various learning problems, such as multiple-instance learning and learning from label proportions. The goal of this paper is to present a novel universal method of CFAO, which holds an unbiased estimator of the classification risk for arbitrary …

Go to article

Coco: A Coupled Contrastive Framework For Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Graph Classification, Nan Yin, Li Shen, Mengzhu Wang, Long Lan, Zeyu Ma, Chong Chen, Xian Sheng Hua, Xiao Luo Jul 2023

Coco: A Coupled Contrastive Framework For Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Graph Classification, Nan Yin, Li Shen, Mengzhu Wang, Long Lan, Zeyu Ma, Chong Chen, Xian Sheng Hua, Xiao Luo

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Although graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive achievements in graph classification, they often need abundant task-specific labels, which could be extensively costly to acquire. A credible solution is to explore additional labeled graphs to enhance unsupervised learning on the target domain. However, how to apply GNNs to domain adaptation remains unsolved owing to the insufficient exploration of graph topology and the significant domain discrepancy. In this paper, we propose Coupled Contrastive Graph Representation Learning (CoCo), which extracts the topological information from coupled learning branches and reduces the domain discrepancy with coupled contrastive learning. CoCo contains a graph convolutional network …

Go to article

Issue Assignment Delay Of Early-View Articles: Impact On Subscribers Through An Aggregator Database, Benjamin L. Hockenberry Jul 2023

Issue Assignment Delay Of Early-View Articles: Impact On Subscribers Through An Aggregator Database, Benjamin L. Hockenberry

Lavery Library Faculty/Staff Publications

Journal articles are often made available prior to assignment to an issue, using labels like “early view,” “advanced online publication,” “ahead of print,” “online first,” or “in press.” While making articles available before an issue can speed up the scholarly communications cycle, a negative effect can be observed when full text is delivered through aggregator databases like EBSCO, ProQuest, or Gale products. This study assessed issue assignment delays across 18 journals which have full text aggregated in EBSCO's CINAHL Ultimate. Results show that articles published first in an early-view state are only available in the aggregator after they have been …

Go to article

Helen Friel, Katt Marshall Jul 2023

Helen Friel, Katt Marshall

Communication Design: Design Pioneers

As the foundation of design is laid down early in a designer’s career, it is the process of creatingwithin limited parameters which develops their style. Many designers begin with a broad rangeof skills that are honed as they navigate working with clients. Applying their unique approach tohe project at hand, it is at this time when design peers create a niche market. The designer’stouch becomes a recognizable signature upon their body of work. With a comprehensiveportfolio, the designer can present their approach to tackling challenging concepts. Paperengineer and illustrator Helen Friel is a designer with a diverse body of work, …

Go to article

Improving Decision Support Systems With Machine Learning: Identifying Barriers To Adoption, Skye Brugler, Maaz Gardezi, Ali Dadkhah, Donna M. Rizzo, Asim Zia, Sharon A. Clay Jul 2023

Improving Decision Support Systems With Machine Learning: Identifying Barriers To Adoption, Skye Brugler, Maaz Gardezi, Ali Dadkhah, Donna M. Rizzo, Asim Zia, Sharon A. Clay

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Precision agriculture (PA) has been defined as a “management strategy that gathers, processes and analyzes temporal, spatial and individual data and combines it with other information to support management decisions according to estimated variability for improved resource use efficiency, productivity, quality, profitability and sustainability of agricultural production.” This definition suggests that because PA should simultaneously increase food production and reduce the environmental footprint, the barriers to adoption of PA should be explored. These barriers include: 1) the financial constraints associated with adopting DSS, 2) the hesitancy of farmers to change from their trusted advisor to a computer program often behaves …

Go to article

Causal Discovery With Latent Confounders Based On Higher-Order Cumulants, Ruichu Cai, Zhiyi Huang, Wei Chen, Zhifeng Hao, Kun Zhang Jul 2023

Causal Discovery With Latent Confounders Based On Higher-Order Cumulants, Ruichu Cai, Zhiyi Huang, Wei Chen, Zhifeng Hao, Kun Zhang

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Causal discovery with latent confounders is an important but challenging task in many scientific areas. Despite the success of some overcomplete independent component analysis (OICA) based methods in certain domains, they are computationally expensive and can easily get stuck into local optima. We notice that interestingly, by making use of higher-order cumulants, there exists a closed-form solution to OICA in specific cases, e.g., when the mixing procedure follows the One-Latent-Component structure. In light of the power of the closed-form solution to OICA corresponding to the One-Latent-Component structure, we formulate a way to estimate the mixing matrix using the higher-order cumulants, …

Go to article

Team Thesyllogist At Semeval-2023 Task 3: Language-Agnostic Framing Detection In Multi-Lingual Online News: A Zero-Shot Transfer Approach, Osama Mohammed Afzal, Preslav Nakov Jul 2023

Team Thesyllogist At Semeval-2023 Task 3: Language-Agnostic Framing Detection In Multi-Lingual Online News: A Zero-Shot Transfer Approach, Osama Mohammed Afzal, Preslav Nakov

Natural Language Processing Faculty Publications

We describe our system for SemEval-2022 Task 3 subtask 2 which on detecting the frames used in a news article in a multi-lingual setup. We propose a multi-lingual approach based on machine translation of the input, followed by an English prediction model. Our system demonstrated good zero-shot transfer capability, achieving micro-F1 scores of 53% for Greek (4th on the leaderboard) and 56.1% for Georgian (3rd on the leaderboard), without any prior training on translated data for these languages. Moreover, our system achieved comparable performance on seven other languages, including German, English, French, Russian, Italian, Polish, and Spanish. Our results demonstrate …

Go to article

Semeval-2023 Task 3: Detecting The Category, The Framing, And The Persuasion Techniques In Online News In A Multi-Lingual Setup, Jakub Piskorski, Nicolas Stefanovitch, Giovanni Da San Martino, Preslav Nakov Jul 2023

Semeval-2023 Task 3: Detecting The Category, The Framing, And The Persuasion Techniques In Online News In A Multi-Lingual Setup, Jakub Piskorski, Nicolas Stefanovitch, Giovanni Da San Martino, Preslav Nakov

Natural Language Processing Faculty Publications

We describe SemEval-2023 task 3 on Detecting the Category, the Framing, and the Persuasion Techniques in Online News in a Multilingual Setup: the dataset, the task organization process, the evaluation setup, the results, and the participating systems. The task focused on news articles in nine languages (six known to the participants upfront: English, French, German, Italian, Polish, and Russian), and three additional ones revealed to the participants at the testing phase: Spanish, Greek, and Georgian). The task featured three subtasks: (1) determining the genre of the article (opinion, reporting, or satire), (2) identifying one or more frames used in an …

Go to article

Multilingual Multifaceted Understanding Of Online News In Terms Of Genre, Framing And Persuasion Techniques, Jakub Piskorski, Nicolas Stefanovitch, Nikolaos Nikolaidis, Giovanni Da San Martino, Preslav Nakov Jul 2023

Multilingual Multifaceted Understanding Of Online News In Terms Of Genre, Framing And Persuasion Techniques, Jakub Piskorski, Nicolas Stefanovitch, Nikolaos Nikolaidis, Giovanni Da San Martino, Preslav Nakov

Natural Language Processing Faculty Publications

We present a new multilingual multifacet dataset of news articles, each annotated for genre (objective news reporting vs. opinion vs. satire), framing (what key aspects are highlighted), and persuasion techniques (logical fallacies, emotional appeals, ad hominem attacks, etc.). The persuasion techniques are annotated at the span level, using a taxonomy of 23 fine-grained techniques grouped into 6 coarse categories. The dataset contains 1,612 news articles covering recent news on current topics of public interest in six European languages (English, French, German, Italian, Polish, and Russian), with more than 37k annotated spans of persuasion techniques. We describe the dataset and the …

Go to article

Model Transferability With Responsive Decision Subjects, Yatong Chen, Zeyu Tang, Kun Zhang, Yang Liu Jul 2023

Model Transferability With Responsive Decision Subjects, Yatong Chen, Zeyu Tang, Kun Zhang, Yang Liu

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Given an algorithmic predictor that is accurate on some source population consisting of strategic human decision subjects, will it remain accurate if the population respond to it? In our setting, an agent or a user corresponds to a sample (X, Y ) drawn from a distribution D and will face a model h and its classification result h(X). Agents can modify X to adapt to h, which will incur a distribution shift on (X, Y ). Our formulation is motivated by applications where the deployed machine learning models are subjected to human agents, and will ultimately face responsive and interactive …

Go to article

Detecting Out-Of-Distribution Data Through In-Distribution Class Prior, Xue Jiang, Feng Liu, Zhen Fang, Hong Chen, Tongliang Liu, Feng Zheng, Bo Han Jul 2023

Detecting Out-Of-Distribution Data Through In-Distribution Class Prior, Xue Jiang, Feng Liu, Zhen Fang, Hong Chen, Tongliang Liu, Feng Zheng, Bo Han

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Given a pre-trained in-distribution (ID) model, the inference-time out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to recognize OOD data during the inference stage. However, some representative methods share an unproven assumption that the probability that OOD data belong to every ID class should be the same, i.e., these OOD-to-ID probabilities actually form a uniform distribution. In this paper, we show that this assumption makes the above methods incapable when the ID model is trained with class-imbalanced data. Fortunately, by analyzing the causal relations between ID/OOD classes and features, we identify several common scenarios where the OOD-to-ID probabilities should be the ID-class-prior distribution and …

Go to article

Orgsp Quarterly: An Orgsp Newsletter From Lincoln Memorial University, Vol 8.2, Lincoln Memorial University, Office Of Research Grants And Sponsored Projects Jul 2023

Orgsp Quarterly: An Orgsp Newsletter From Lincoln Memorial University, Vol 8.2, Lincoln Memorial University, Office Of Research Grants And Sponsored Projects

ORGSP Quarterly

This quarter's issue focuses on summer research. Learn about the excellent work of LMU's faculty, staff, and students.

Go to article

The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly Of Us Antitrust, Maurice E. Stucke Jul 2023

The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly Of Us Antitrust, Maurice E. Stucke

Scholarly Works

This article examines the bad and ugly as the US federal agencies seek to rejuvenate competition. The bad is legislative hiatus to update the antitrust laws for the digital economy. The ugly is when courts push their own economic beliefs, without regard for the congressional intent and aims of the antitrust laws. Regardless of who wins, the rule of law (and those most dependent on the antitrust law) suffer. To correct America’s market power problem, the article proposes restoring the constitutional balance, where the courts adjudicate, the legislature legislates, and enforcers enforce.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last