Digital Commons Network^™

Is Panic Over E-Bike Safety Justified? A Review Of The Literature And Comparative Analysis With Conventional Bicycles And E-Scooters, Amir Ghanbari, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Kevin Fang

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The increasing popularity of e-bikes has prompted global concerns about their safety. This literature review synthesizes English-language literature on e-bike safety, focusing on publication trends, data sources, major themes, and comparisons with human-powered bicycles and e-scooters. In total, 197 studies published between 2009 and June 2024 were reviewed. Research activity has expanded rapidly in recent years, with China and the United States emerging as the leading countries. Most studies examined rider demographics, crash involvement, rider behaviors, and comparisons with other traffic modes. The most common data sources were medical records, surveys, and naturalistic designs. Among studies comparing e-bike safety with …

Impact Of Food Insecurity On The Management Of Children With Food Allergy: A Scoping Review, Kiranjit Atwal, Kate Maslin

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Child health and development are affected by food insecurity, which is an increasing phenomenon globally. The rates of food allergy are also increasing, and the multifaceted burden is well documented. The higher costs of allergen-free food, essential to food allergy management, may compound the levels of food insecurity, but evidence is still emerging. This scoping review was conducted with the aim to understand the impact of food insecurity on the management of children living with food allergy by mapping the current types of evidence, key concepts, and research gaps. Following JBI methodology, evidence about children aged ≤18 years living in …

Iron Age Ii Burials And Archaeological Investigations At Ḥorbat Menorim (El-Manara), Lower Galilee, Eliot Braun

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

Old World Ranks On A New Frontier: Noncommissioned Officer Command In The United States Military, Robert K. Whillock

History Theses and Dissertations

This paper examines the development of the United States Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) Corps and the regulatory limits placed on its authority. The early American military adopted European traditions that reserved command for commissioned officers and confined NCOs to supervisory and disciplinary roles. Regulations reinforced this hierarchy by preventing NCOs from exercising autonomous command and limiting opportunities for advancement into the officer corps through merit. Over time, however, egalitarian reformers began to question whether these rigid distinctions served the needs of the evolving American military.

The paper argues that foreign military examples and operational necessity gradually challenged the established roles of …

Optical Nuclear Spin Detection In Diamond And Varifocal Metasurface Optics, Maxwell D. Aiello

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

This dissertation presents two experimental investigations at the intersection of quantum sensing and precision optical instrumentation. The primary project demonstrates optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of ¹³C nuclear spins in diamond, using state-selective Landau-Zener transitions under microwave frequency sweeping to bidirectionally transfer spin polarization between nitrogen-vacancy (NV) electron spins and remote ¹³C nuclear spins. This enables optical polarization and readout of large ensembles of polarized nuclear spins at low magnetic fields and room temperature, with spin dephasing times limited by longitudinal relaxation of nearby NV electron spins. The secondary project reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of …

The Environmental Cost Of Artificial Intelligence, Ava G. O'Connor

Student Theses 2015-Present

This paper addresses the increasingly innovative and evolving world of artificial intelligence. As artificial intelligence becomes more integrated within global economies and infrastructures, its  environmental and economic impact has grown significantly, but still remains understudied in the conversation surrounding societal advancement and growth. This thesis delves into the history and development of artificial intelligence, AI's integration into modern life, Big Tech jumping to get ahead of AI development through investment, the cost of artificial intelligence, and the ethical and environmental implications of increasing artificial intelligence usage. Using multiple case studies, this thesis deeply explores the emergence of artificial intelligence as …

Dental Hygienists' Views On Salivary Diagnostics, Julie Justice

Dental Hygiene ETDs

This study assessed dental hygienists’ views on salivary diagnostic testing in the United States, including awareness, utilization, perceived barriers, and whether years of experience, clinical setting, or education level influenced these views. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data via an 18-item email survey distributed through the American Dental Hygienists’ Association’s mailing list. Eligible participants were licensed dental hygienists currently practicing in the United States. The survey included demographic items and Likert-scale questions on knowledge, clinical use, perceived value, and limitations of salivary diagnostic testing. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency distributions and Spearman correlations. Despite …

Evaluation Of Intracavity Electromagnetic Field Probes And Sources: Implications For Shielding Effectiveness, Joseph Anthony Ferreri

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

To measure the electric field in a reverberant cavity, a small, minimally invasive probe is required. Common solutions include electrically small surface mounted monopole antennas, B-dots, and D-dots. To obtain an accurate field measurement with a particular probe, it is necessary to characterize it to compensate for its ability to convert electric field into voltage which requires a gauge factor known as effective height. The characterization process is straight forward in open space on a ground plane but requires more insight when in situ in a reverberant cavity. This work adapts ground plane probe characterization methods for cavity measurements, facilitating …

Quantifying Co2 And Ch4 Fluxes In A Semi-Arid Floodplain: Assessing Spatial And Temporal Drivers, Miles E. Kelsey

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Rivers transport sediment and carbon across Earth’s surface, and their floodplains can store carbon over decades to millennia, making them important to terrestrial carbon management. While soil carbon can persist long term, it may be released as greenhouse gases through processes like methanogenesis and heterotrophic respiration. Environmental controls on these fluxes remain poorly constrained across floodplains in different climate and geomorphic setting, but especially in semi-arid systems where measurements are limited. To address this gap, we quantified CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes along the Middle Rio Grande (New Mexico, USA) using 227 chamber measurements collected May to November 2025 at three …

Statistical And Spectral Theory For Spatially Correlated Random Aperiodic Antenna Arrays, Thomas Edward Christian Jr

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Aperiodic phased arrays enable beam steering, interference suppression, and spectrum efficiency for 6G, radar, biomedical imaging, and distributed sensing. Minimum inter-element spacing and keep out zones induce spatial correlation, violating the i.i.d. element-position assumption behind classical probabilistic random array theory. This dissertation develops a unified probabilistic spectral framework for correlated (non-i.i.d.) arrays. Second moment power pattern analysis incorporates the pair-correlation function  and structure factor , recovering the i.i.d. limit when  and accommodating unequal excitations. Side lobe and main lobe fields deviate from Rayleigh/Exponential and are modeled by weighted Nakagami and Gamma-mixture distributions, parameterized via Monte Carlo. The blue noise spectral …

An Analytical Framework For Quantifying Urban And Community Resilience To Natural Hazards From Cell-Phone Gps-Location And Traffic-Flow Data, Georgios Chatzikyriakidis

Civil and Environmental Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Urban areas are increasingly exposed to natural hazards while accommodating a growing share of the global population, yet a consistent science-based framework for quantifying urban and community resilience remains lacking. This dissertation develops a physics-based analytical framework grounded in statistical mechanics and the quantitative theory of Brownian motion. A city is conceptualized as a complex medium in which citizens move analogously to Brownian particles within a viscoelastic environment, influenced by socioeconomic interactions and infrastructure functionality.

A central premise is that urban resilience, interpreted as engineering resilience (an outcome), can be quantified through a single metric: the mean-square displacement MSD=⟨r²(t)⟩, of …

Inherited By “Merit”: What Caste Carries Across The Indian American Diaspora, Aarushi V. Jaiswal

English Undergraduate Distinction Projects

This project traces the rhetorical formation termed “meritocratic nationalism,” a political vocabulary that makes national belonging conditional on moralized merit, converting structural advantage into the language of individual character. Meritocratic nationalism is traced across three political figures whose rhetoric represents successive moments in a single ideological trajectory. Reading Narendra Modi’s 2014 and 2018 Independence Day addresses and his 2014 Madison Square Garden speech to the Indian American diaspora as the formation’s originating texts, this project argues that Modi’s recurring moral tetrad of conduct, values, traditions, and ability translated the structurally concentrated advantages of India’s upper-caste professional class into a universalist …

Grief Journeys: A Literature Review On Integrating Expressive Arts And Play In Grief Therapy, Joanna Marcus

Expressive Therapies Theses

This literature review explores the use of expressive arts therapy and play therapy in therapeutic spaces for grieving children. The author seeks to investigate how elements of expressive arts therapy and play therapy might be integrated to offer more effective support. Research was conducted using search engines to gather literature about historical and contemporary bereavement theories, play therapy, and expressive arts therapy, with a focus on children’s experiences. Two primary insights gleaned from this review are that the cognitive understanding of death is multifaceted and changes as children mature, and that children grieve in ways unique to their developmental stages. …

Dance/Movement Therapy As A Person-Centered Treatment For Alzheimer’S Disease And Dementia Through Physical, Social, And Sensory Elements: A Literature Review, Margaret Carson Thatcher

Expressive Therapies Theses

This thesis explores the use of dance/movement therapy as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. The literature review covers dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, current and emerging approaches to treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, dance/movement therapy, and dance/movement therapy for individuals with dementia. The theme of dance/movement therapy as a person- centered treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia is explored. The efficacy and outcomes of dance/movement therapy with the population are examined. Key components of dance/movement therapy with this population emerged. These elements, social, physical, and sensory, are described and connected to person-centered outcomes for treatment. Applications for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and …

Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: Their Role In Alzheimer’S & Other Memory Disorders, Grace Terhark

Physician Assistant

Research Question

What is the potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer’s and other memory disorders?

Significance

• Current drug treatments focus on targeting one pathologic feature of the disease (Aβ plaque accumulation), which has resulted in limited efficacy in clinical trials.13A treatment to manage Alzheimer’s and other memory disorders needs to focus not just on managing symptoms but slowing the progression of the disease.
• The goal of this project is to investigate the potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer’s and other memory disorders and to educate providers on beneficial treatment options to offer their patients.

Incorporating Principles And Wisdom From Hospital Chaplaincy And Pastoral Ministry To Create A Ministry Model To Address Social Isolation And Loneliness In Black Churches, Albert A. Kemp

Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses

To address the growing and widespread epidemic of social isolation and loneliness, with special focus on Black churches, this dissertation developed a program with the following areas of application: 1) how healthcare trained chaplains can coordinate with churches to positively impact individuals identified as lonely and socially isolated with better social and physical health, 2) how principles of chaplaincy and pastoral care can mitigate and intervene competently when such people are identified, and 3) how the project’s model can be organized, taught, and incorporated into existing arenas of church ministry.

The purpose of the project was to create a ministry …

Essays On Development Economics, Environmental Economics, And Political Economy, Weihong Li

Economics Theses and Dissertations

Chapter 1 explores the strategic behavior of provincial leaders in China in response to visits by central government leaders. I find that such behavior is correlated with provincial leaders’ personal characteristics and their connections with the visitors. Meanwhile, acting strategically during these visits has a positive and significant effect on overall promotions, but a positive and insignificant effect on promotions to the most important positions in the Politburo.

Chapter 2 examines the impact of the Confucian norms on the spatial heterogeneity of fertility rates and sex-selective abortions in contemporary China. To overcome the challenge of quantifying cultural norms, I construct …

Predictive Natural Language Metrics Of Alzheimer's Disease And Cognitive Decline Trend Analysis, Zerui Ma

Computer Science and Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Inspired by Dr. David Snowden's Nun Study, which linked early-life Propositional Idea Density (PID) to later-life Alzheimer's disease, this thesis investigates two questions: whether fine-tuned Transformer-based large language models (LLM) can detect cognitive decline from patient speech transcripts with meaningful feature attribution, and whether longitudinal PID trends are observable across large-scale internet and academic text corpora. We evaluate dementia prediction on the DementiaBank Pitt Corpus and conduct an exploratory longitudinal PID analysis across seven diverse datasets spanning up to 29 years and over 12.6 million documents. This work suggests that linguistic ability metrics, traditional PID metrics and novel LLM-based analysis, …

Machine Learning And Formal Methods In Quantum Chemistry: Theory And Application, Ishna Satyarth

Computer Science and Engineering Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, the progress in inter-disciplinary application of machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) have truly transformed various fields, from weather forecasting and drug development to medical diagnostics, energy, and sustainability. Computational chemistry uses computational tools to model, predict, analyze, and explain chemical phenomena, while the Quantum chemistry specifically uses techniques based on quantum mechanics (as opposed to classical mechanics or empirical models). Quantum chemistry or Computational chemistry has also observed a momentum in application of ML techniques over the past decade significantly accelerating results and providing valuable insights into vast datasets, often surpassing traditional methods.

This dissertation explores …

Torá: A Description Of A Dormant Chapacuran Language From Legacy Materials, Akasha Synclair

Linguistics ETDs

Torá, an Amazonian language of the Chapacuran family, went dormant as the Torá people survived colonization. Yet, in the early 1920’s, over 600 Torá words, phrases, and sentences were documented. Despite interest by today’s Torá community in language revitalization, no comprehensive analysis of the data has been undertaken. This project used methods of linguistic reconstitution, cross linguistic comparison, and the creation of an open-access database to produce a phonological and morphosyntactic analysis of Torá. Phonological findings of particular interest include evidence for vowel harmony and variable oralization of nasals. In structure, Torá is very similar to related languages, displaying a …

Advanced Finite Element Modeling And Design Enhancement Of Slender Square Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Steel Tubular Columns, Mahmoud T. Nawar, Ayman El-Zohairy, Mohamed Emara, Raghda I. Halima

Faculty Publications

Limited research exists on the behavior of square CFDST slender columns, especially under the consideration of the relation global buckling and confinement effect. This study evaluates square concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate structural behavior under axial and eccentric loads until failure. Parametric analyses of extensive specimens of square CFDST pinended columns evaluate various parameters, providing design insights for engineering applications. The study was conducted over a wide range of slenderness ratios. Four concrete varieties with compressive strengths were tested: normal concrete (NC), engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), high-strength concrete (HSC), and ultra-high-strength …

Technical Advancements In Single-Molecule Spectroscopy For High-Throughput Measurement Of Long-Time Dynamics, Quyen B. Le

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique for resolving transient biomolecular dynamics and quantifying free energy landscapes, kinetics, and binding interactions. However, two fundamental limitations restrict its broader application: slow, labor-intensive data acquisition and the limited observation time imposed by fluorophore photobleaching. These limitations hinder its use in drug discovery and biomedical engineering applications that require both high-throughput and access to long-time dynamics. In this work, both challenges are addressed through technical advancements. First, a simple, generalizable approach is introduced to automate data acquisition, eliminating manual intervention during experiments. This increases the acquisition rate by more than an order of …

Nuclear Deterrence: Enhancing The Mission Through Smart Factory Predictive Solutions, Jarrod Matthew Ronquillo

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

To meet the stewardship and modernization initiatives set by the Department of Energy new technologies must enter the manufacturing facilities within the nuclear deterrent complex. Predictive solutions begin with collecting data. An equipment health monitoring device was created to streamline data collection and organization for equipment and processes. A predictive and process performance dashboard was developed for a deionized water system. The dashboard used Western Electric statistical process rules and a machine learning regression algorithm to predict when the resistivity would fall out of specification. Lastly, a remaining useful life calculation was developed for all equipment related to nuclear deterrent …

Helium Effects In High Entropy Alloys For Fusion Reactor Plasma Facing Components, Shane Evans

Nuclear Engineering ETDs

The plasma facing materials (PFMs) within fusion reactors, such as the divertor, must be able to withstand high temperature (>1000 K) for extended durations of time, in addition to extreme flux from neutrons, helium (He) ash, and neutral species such as deuterium and tritium. These materials must withstand these conditions while maintaining their selected mechanical properties, minimal sputter yield, and low fuel retention. In recent years refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) have been investigated due to their improved mechanical and irradiation-resistant properties when compared to pure W, the current material for PFMs. In this work RHEAs have undergone fusion …

Cfd Simulation Analyses Of The Blowdown Phase Of A Depressurized Loss Of Forced Cooling Accident In A Htgr, Keenan Kresl-Hotz

Nuclear Engineering ETDs

This research numerically investigates the helium-air mixing in HTGR containment cavities during the blowdown phase of a simulated DLOFC accident. The results of the performed CFD simulation analyses, using the commercial code STAR-CCM+, are compared with reported measurements from an experiment conducted at CCNY. The analyses investigate the effects of the RANS and LES turbulence models, numerical mesh refinement, time-step size, and flow rate and temperature of the injected hot helium into the scaled reactor cavity. Calculated parameters analyzed include the pressure and spatial distributions of temperature and oxygen concentration in the simulated reactor and steam generator cavities. CFD oxygen …

In-Situ Measurement Of Dynamic Deuterium Retention In Tungsten-Based Alloys Under Plasma Exposure, Ethan Gabriel Rashap

Nuclear Engineering ETDs

Nuclear fusion is a promising pathway for sustainable energy production, but the performance of plasma-facing materials remains a key challenge for reactor operation. In particular, hydrogen isotope retention in tungsten—the leading candidate material for divertor components—affects tritium inventory, fuel recycling, and overall material lifetime. In this work, the temperature-dependent deuterium retention behavior of W–Ti and W–TiTa alloys was experimentally investigated under fusion-relevant ion irradiation conditions between 400 and 700 K. In-situ nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) was used to track retention during plasma exposure and subsequent cooldown, providing depth-resolved insight into deuterium accumulation and release. The results show that deuterium retention …

Shaping Emergent Competitive And Cooperative Behaviors In Multi-Agent General-Sum Games, Ethan F. Erickson

Honors Projects

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can train agents to solve problems in environments using complex behaviors that are not explicitly programmed, known as emergent behaviors. The goal of our research is to investigate how different RL reward values influence the emergence of competitive and cooperative behaviors in games with teams of multiple agents. Specifically, we focus on general-sum games, in which the sum of gains and losses of each team may be non-zero, allowing situations for agents to mutually benefit or mutually fail. Using Unity’s ML-Agents Toolkit to train agents with RL self-play in bounded 2D environments, we identify high-level behaviors …

Novel Algorithmic Methods For Random Telegraph Noise Detection And Characterization In Electronic Devices, Victor Darie Pepel

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Random telegraph noise (RTN) produces discrete stochastic fluctuations in nanoscale semiconductor devices and increasingly limits performance and reliability as dimensions scale. This dissertation introduces three algorithmic contributions enabling automated and accurate RTN characterization across diverse devices and operating conditions. First, a computationally efficient histogram-based detection algorithm enables rapid identification of RTN in large focal plane array datasets for statistically robust defect analysis. Second, a frequency decomposition framework separates slow and fast RTN components, extending the range of extractable time constants and reducing estimation error in multi-trap signals obscured by background noise. Third, to address the lack of standardized RTN metrics, …

Beyond Brain Drain: H-1b Visas, Innovation, And Human Flourishing, Joel Wong

Honors Projects

High-skilled migration has become one of the defining features of the modern global economy, especially in technology, engineering, and research-intensive industries. While public debate surrounding the H-1B visa program often centers on its effects within the United States, less attention has been given to how these migration flows affect the countries from which workers originate. This question is important because many sending countries invest heavily in the education and development of highly skilled workers while also seeking long-term economic growth and innovation. This study examines whether increases in H-1B visa migration are associated with changes in innovation outcomes in major …

Fluid Identities: Using Seattle's Diverse Water Narratives To Shape Cultural Values And Adaptive Conservation Strategies, Brooke J. Vanden Berg

Honors Projects

This paper explores human interactions with the environment in and around Seattle, Washington, following its trajectory from the Vashon glacial episode to its present standing as a city on the frontier of future urban climate resilience. By examining the shift from indigenous stewardship to a twentieth-century settler-led industrial “taming” paradigm, ecological vulnerabilities are considered through the lens of ill-advised hydraulic regrading and the centralization and privatization of water infrastructure and rights. This history is contextualized in the 21st century as climate projections indicate that Seattle's reliance on mountain snowpack, increasing thermal extremes, sea-level rise, and hydraulic instability caused by climate …