Digital Commons Network^™

Considering Green Corridors In Road Networks: An Integrated Gray-Green Approach For Urban Development In Cairo, Egypt., Eman H Ayad, Sarah E. Abdel Rasheed

Journal of Engineering Research

Green corridors are one of the main features for sustainability, they refer to ecological qualities and are basic elements for resilient cities. Many global cities are oriented towards green construction to protect their environments from rapid urbanization and its destructive impact on nature. However, in other cities, this is extremely challenging. In Cairo, contemporary developments are directed towards constructing the ‘Gray’ road networks, whereas the ‘Green’ is nearly disappearing. This study introduces an integrated ‘Gray-Green’ approach for urban development in Cairo, where green corridors are considered to achieve a livable sustainable urban environment. First, the study discusses characteristics, benefits and …

Urban Morphology Framework; A Sustainable Approach To Heritage Contexts – Fes El-Bali: The Sacred Heart Of The Old City, Morocco., Eman H Ayad

Journal of Engineering Research

Morphologies, patterns of urban form, are outcomes of myriad decisions taken by planners, urban designers, architects, engineers, politicians and others, addressing existing problems. Many city strategies and programs focus on specific urban issues in which local improvements, designs are considered, where as a broad context vision stays unknown. The insufficiency is in taking responsibility of the whole city shape, since development is limited to a group of land uses and road networks. Instead, looking at the coherent structure originating from significant patterns and unique relations forming the existing urban product must be considered. This paper tackles heritage contexts being sites …

إدارة مخاطر الذكاء الاصطناعى فى العمارة والعمران Risk Management Of Artificial Intelligence In Architecture And Urbanism, محمد عبده محمود إدريس

Journal of Engineering Research

Artificial intelligence have invaded life activities, especially architecture and urbanism. The research addressed the definition of artificial intelligence and the classification of its levels, then reviewed what artificial intelligence provided for design, simulation and testing in architecture and urbanism. It also monitored the superior capabilities and advantages provided by these technologies, then the accompanying risks amd monitored examples of projects that were faced these risks. The research concluded a comprehensive mechanism to manage these risks.

An Evaluation Of Tools, Parameters, And Objectives In Building Facade Optimization Research, Ahmed Khader, Muhammad Hegazy

Journal of Engineering Research

This research paper presents an analysis of building facade optimization studies. The shift toward simulation-based design methods empowers architects to conduct detailed environmental performance simulations prior to construction, enabling design adjustments based on simulation outcomes. Various quantitative methods have emerged for assessing environmental factors, including daylight availability, glare mitigation, and improving thermal comfort. Moreover, combining simulation tools with optimization algorithms has enhanced the design process, facilitating the generation of multiple solutions aligned with specific performance criteria. To gain an overall perspective on the present state of building facade optimization, a comprehensive review of related peer-reviewed papers was conducted. This review …

Assessment Of Different Archaeological Digital Surveying Techniques For Heritage Buildings And Projects, Fadwa Ayman Abbas Alshareef, Rania Elghamry Ashmawy Elakab, انجي ابراهيم الدرويش

Journal of Engineering Research

-Each surveying project is unique and requires a specific surveying technique. The problem lies in that not only all techniques are not suitable for all kinds of surveying projects, but also The wrong choice of the appropriate surveying method for the building can cost a lot of time and effort or cause damage to the heritage building. Individually, any surveying project depends on many factors that describe its “nature” and affect the selection of the appropriate surveying method, These factors may vary from the cost to the required degree of accuracy, or the number of existing details required to be …

Bringing Biophilic Architecture Into Business Parks Design Towards Enhancing Users Experience, Sara Atwa, Ahmed Khader

Journal of Engineering Research

Recently, most people have spent much of their time at work, often in indoor office buildings that are designed without regard to natural elements and workers` well-being. For these reasons, Business Parks are designed to improve the whole workplace environment. Bringing fresh air, green areas, and natural elements into workspaces could enhance the work environment and increase productivity by taking care of workers` physiological needs. On other hand, Biophilic design introduces some principles to create visually beautiful and spiritual places. By merging Architecture with nature and bringing outdoors greenery through indoor areas, a healthy workplace environment could be generated. Therefore, …

Towards A Biophilic Design Methodology In Search For Health-Inducing Built Environment [Revisiting Sagrada Família: As A Case-Study And Design Checklist], Nelly Shafik Ramzy, Almoataz Bellah Gamal-Eldin Abdelazem

Journal of Engineering Research

Special attention had been recently paid to pinpoint the aspects that most affect human satisfaction within the built-environment. Experimental findings demonstrate that compositions that connect people to natural elements and configurations help to increase their sense of wellbeing, with definite and therapeutic consequences on physiology, productivity, and even on stress/pain- reduction. Hence, a set of methodical approaches emerged from diverse domains, initiating a new space of research, i.e. environmental psychology; one of the most tenable theories in this direction is “Biophilia”. This paper accentuates the underpinnings of this theory in the field of architecture, overviewing and comparing the most prominent …

The Impact Of Using Smart Windows Technique In Reducing Energy Consumption And Improving Building Performance In The Office Building, Alaa Mohamed Khalifa, Walaa Noor, Rania Elghamry

Journal of Engineering Research

With the world’s population increasing rapidly and industry modernization, building energy consumption is rising. Over 40% of the world's energy consumption is generated by buildings, and about 10% of this portion is consumed by office buildings through its uses of HVAC, office equipment, and lighting.Research Problem- In recent periods, Office buildings in Egypt have consumed a lot of energy to provide adequate lighting to occupants through windows, which is the reason for overheating and high thermal losses. It accounts for 60% of the building’s energy loss.Research Objective- I am conducting this study to determine whether utilizing Smart windows techniques can …

Virtual Reality As New Part Of The Methodology For Designing Future Cities, Mona Saleh Hassen

Journal of Engineering Research

Architecture is the art of transforming imagination into reality. This starts from drawing engineering plans to 3D drawings to executing the building and turning it into reality. With the advent of modern technology, it has become easy to bridge the gap between fantasy and reality (idea and building). Since the architect's profession is the art of persuading clients. So, the emergence of virtual reality technology will create confidence for the architect. And a great transfer in the way engineers work. Where virtual reality has become a new and powerful way of expression. It allows us to explore cities before they …

Effect Of Balcony’S Design Parameters On Energy Performance Of Residential Buildings, Bassma Talal, Ayman Hassan Mahmoud, Rania Rushdy

Journal of Engineering Research

Residential buildings have a critical role in energy consumption, contributing to produce greenhouse gases and creating urban heat island. For this reason, optimizing the building energy usage is avital issue. Balconies can be considered one of the building façade elements that have considerable thermal performance. The main aim of the paper is to assess the contribution of various balcony design parameters on indoor thermal performance and energy consumption of residential buildings.A simulation study was conducted for a residential villa located in hot climate country, Cairo Egypt. Different design parameters were investigated and 6 case studies were compared in order to …

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Space Deterrence Or Dominance?, Dwayne Liller

Space and Defense

A strategy to safeguard United States’ space assets is needed. Deterrence strategies, like Cold War nuclear deterrence, are often recommended. Nuclear deterrence history reveals that deterrence through dominance is what early strategists employed. Both Cold War adversaries attempted repeatedly to gain the lead in nuclear weapons. Seeking short term advantages activated the security dilemma and both sides responded in kind, guaranteeing an arms race. The faulty logic of the security dilemma was that the next advantage would bring security. This did not happen and illustrated how mutual vulnerability resulted from long term and determined opposition. That condition exists to this …

Operationally Responsive Space: Past, Present And Future, Stuart Eves

Space and Defense

Where did the idea of Operationally Responsive Space originate? You might imagine that the idea was born during the First Gulf War, (sometimes called the First Space War), where use was made of strategic space systems to support operations. It was apparent, though, that strategic systems with very small fields of view and long revisit times were not well suited to operational reconnaissance. Other limitations of these strategic systems included a tasking system not suited for tactical timelines; significant data downlink requirements, making it difficult to deliver data into the theatre; a large in-theatre “footprint” for intelligence analysts; and lack …

The 2010 National Space Policy: Down To Earth?, Joan Johnson-Freese

Space and Defense

The 2010 National Space Policy, intended “to express the President’s direction for the Nation’s space activities,” was released by the Obama Administration on June 28. Responses were for the most part swift and predictable. While drawing heavily from past consistent principles, all analysts agreed that the tone and emphasis differed significantly from the 2006 Bush Administration policy, which itself was a departure from past policies in terms of a greater military focus and nationalistic orientation. Views on which tone and emphasis is best has ranged along the ideological spectrum. A sampling of opinions is indicative. Baker Spring, from the conservative …

Coalitions In Space: Where Networks Are Power, James Clay Moltz

Space and Defense

This study begins with the widely recognized problem of 21st century space vulnerabilities. To address this challenge, it proposes the new concept of an “allied space network” as a possible means of both reducing risks and enhancing space power. Such a concept would move beyond realist, Cold War “balancing” in space, and instead would require new forms of technical and political cooperation in the military sector among participating states. In thinking about future space security this study argues that trans-national networks and alliances offer considerable untapped potential, with possibly significant benefits particularly for the United States, which—unlike China and Russia— …

Introduction, Roger G. Harrison

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Volume 5 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 5 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Eisenhower Center Program Summaries, Eligar Sadeh

Space and Defense

Space Situational Awareness Workshop

Summer Space Seminar

Asia, Space, and Strategy Workshop

National Space Forum

Transatlantic Space Cooperation Workshop

“Astronaut Envy?” The U.S. Military’S Quest For A Human Mission In Space, Roger D. Launius

Space and Defense

Before the beginning of the space age in 1957, the Department of Defense (DOD) of the United States sought to gain the mission and the technologies to carry out human operations in space. Even after 1958, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower made the decision to assign the human spaceflight mission to the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), DOD champions continued to argue for a role for military astronauts. The military pursued several flight projects in the 1960s, achieved flight status for military astronauts on classified missions on the Space Shuttle in the 1980s, and has continued to …

India In Space: Factors Shaping The Indian Trajectory, Harsh V. Pant, Ajey Lele

Space and Defense

By launching its space probe to the Moon, Chandrayaan-1, on 22 October 2008, India joined the United States (U.S.), Japan, Europe, Russia, and China in this accomplishment. The principal goal of the probe was to conduct mapping of the lunar surface, and among the scientific payloads it carried two were from the United States and three from the European Space Agency (ESA). This was a unique mission as it was an attempt to map highresolution, 3-D topography of entire Moon, get mineral composition of surface, and investigate the availability of water and Helium-3. Chandrayaan-1 operated until August 2009, coming to …

European Approaches To Space And Security: Implications For Transatlantic Cooperation, Michael Searway

Space and Defense

As complex security threats are increasing the need for international cooperation on Earth, the growing number of actors in space increasingly demands collaboration in space and security. This need is intensified by the unique environmental attributes of space. For example, debris from space assets can orbit the Earth for years, rendering large areas of orbital space unusable. Moreover, as space becomes more crowded, the lack of comprehensive international governance amplifies the chance of mishaps above Earth.

Multilateralism In Space: Opportunities And Challenges For Achieving Space Security, Theresa Hitchens

Space and Defense

Human activity in space has, from the dawn of the space age, been characterized by a “push me, pull you” dynamic between competition and cooperation. There is no doubt it was the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the then Soviet Union that drove initial efforts to breech the space frontier, and that military competition has long been, and continues to be, a central factor in states’ pursuit of space capabilities. At the same time, even during the height of tensions between the two superpowers, international cooperation in the space exploration and sciences was considered a high priority. …

Table Of Contents Volume 4 No. 2, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 4 No. 2, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Eisenhower Center Program Summaries, Eligar Sadeh

Space and Defense

Space Situational Awareness Workshop

Summer Space Seminar

Asia, Space, and Strategy Workshop

National Space Forum

Transatlantic Space Cooperation Workshop

Chinese Intentions In Space: A Historical Perspective For Future Cooperation, Gregory Kulacki

Space and Defense

The United States (U.S.) is opening a new dialogue with China on cooperation in space that includes human space flight. The announcement appeared in the Joint Statement issued by U.S. President Obama and Chinese President Hu in Beijing, China on 17 November 2009. The two leaders also agreed “the two countries have common interests in promoting the peaceful use of outer space and agree to take steps to enhance security in outer space.”1 These are significant shifts in U.S. civilian and military space policy. The U.S. ended cooperation in space with China more than a decade ago2 and consistently refused …

Europe And Security Issues In Space: The Institutional Setting, Frans Von Der Dunk

Space and Defense

In the current timeframe, the relevance of discussions on the existing use of space for national security purposes and the potential of it to be used for non-peaceful purposes are clearly increasing.1 As a consequence, it becomes more important to address the role of Europe as a geopolitical, albeit far from monolithic, entity in this context.