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Study The Efficiency And Availability Of Glonass In Total Electron Content Mapping Over Egypt, Ahmed Wageeh, Mohamed Doma, Ahmed Sedeek, Alaa Elghazouly Nov 2023

Study The Efficiency And Availability Of Glonass In Total Electron Content Mapping Over Egypt, Ahmed Wageeh, Mohamed Doma, Ahmed Sedeek, Alaa Elghazouly

Journal of Engineering Research

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are used for positioning and navigation, so the precision of its observations are crucial. The ionosphere has a significant impact on GNSS observations causing the biggest error. The free electrons in the ionosphere affect the navigation signals having electromagnetic properties. The ionosphere error can be eliminated by calculating Total Electron Content (TEC) using dual frequency receivers. On estimating TEC, a systematic error which is device (satellite and receiver) dependent is found called differential code bias (DCB). This article provides an overview of two GNSS systems: the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the GLObal NAvigation Satellite …

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Regression-Based Models For Predicting Discharge Coefficient Of Triangular Side Orifice, Mohamed Elshaarawy, A. K. Hamed, Saad Hamed Nov 2023

Regression-Based Models For Predicting Discharge Coefficient Of Triangular Side Orifice, Mohamed Elshaarawy, A. K. Hamed, Saad Hamed

Journal of Engineering Research

- This study introduced another technique to predict the discharge coefficient (Cd) of the triangular side orifice (TSO). This technique is based on the SPSS software as multiple linear regression (MLR) and multiple nonlinear regression (MNLR) models. These models were established using 570 experimental datasets, 70 and 30% for calibration and testing stages, respectively. These sets considered five non-dimensional parameters, including (orifice crest height, orifice length, orifice height, upstream flow depth, and Froude number of the main channel). Results showed that the MLR and MNLR models in the calibrating stage had higher determination coefficients and lower errors. In addition, the …

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A Developed Iot Technique And P&O-Mppt To Enhance The Output Power Of Solar Cell Systems, Ahmed Ali, Raafat A. El-Kammar El-Kammar, Hesham F. A. Hamed, Adel A. Elbaset, Aya Hossam Nov 2023

A Developed Iot Technique And P&O-Mppt To Enhance The Output Power Of Solar Cell Systems, Ahmed Ali, Raafat A. El-Kammar El-Kammar, Hesham F. A. Hamed, Adel A. Elbaset, Aya Hossam

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- Given the urgent need for continuous development in solar cell systems to increase their efficiency, in this study, a developed IoT technique was built to monitor the solar irradiance fluctuation around the solar cell systems, and a Perturbation and observation algorithm (P&O) was developed to increase the output power from the PV systems. In order to save energy, the IoT technique has been supported with a light-dependent resistor to operate and shut down with sunlight. The whole IoT technique was fed from the PV system to save energy and avoid a power outage. The measured solar irradiance profile was …

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Hema: A Proposed Robot For Improving Healthcare Access In Underserved Communities, Ahmed Elshafey, Mohamed Hassan Nov 2023

Hema: A Proposed Robot For Improving Healthcare Access In Underserved Communities, Ahmed Elshafey, Mohamed Hassan

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- Healthcare access is a major challenge in underserved communities, where people often face barriers such as distance, cost, and lack of transportation. HEMA (Horus Expert Medical Assistant Robot) is a new technology with the potential to revolutionize healthcare access in underserved communities by providing basic healthcare services on-site. HEMA is a mobile, affordable, and easy-to-use robot that can collect patient data, diagnose common diseases, and provide basic treatment.HEMA can address the challenges of healthcare access in underserved communities in a number of ways. First, HEMA can provide healthcare services to people who live in remote areas and who may …

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Zero Energy Building Strategy In New Cities Using Revit Software Powered By An Ai Feature (Case Study: Coastal Villa In New Damietta), Huda M Albaz Nov 2023

Zero Energy Building Strategy In New Cities Using Revit Software Powered By An Ai Feature (Case Study: Coastal Villa In New Damietta), Huda M Albaz

Journal of Engineering Research

In the past ten years, the field of green architecture has been developed to create zero-energy buildings, which can produce the necessary energy for them in the year, in addition to not causing any damage to the surrounding environment . In other words, these buildings are able to achieve energy self-sufficiency, and also do not negatively affect the surrounding environment, as they have become a productive element and not only a consumer element [1]. The problem of research came in increasing the consumption of non-renewable energy in new cities, especially coastal cities in Egypt, with the increasing global climate change …

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Winds Of Power: Data Analysis For The Relationship Between Wind Speed, Gust, And Power Output, Samah A. Gamel, Yara Sultan Nov 2023

Winds Of Power: Data Analysis For The Relationship Between Wind Speed, Gust, And Power Output, Samah A. Gamel, Yara Sultan

Journal of Engineering Research

Wind turbines are the most cost-effective and quickly evolving renewable energy technology. Benefits of this technology include no carbon emissions, resource conservation, job creation, flexible applications, modularity, fast installation, rural power grid improvement, and potential for agricultural or industrial use.

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Sustainable Waste Management Through The Lens Of Artificial Intelligence: An In-Depth Review, Noha Emad El-Sayad, Shereen Zakaria Nov 2023

Sustainable Waste Management Through The Lens Of Artificial Intelligence: An In-Depth Review, Noha Emad El-Sayad, Shereen Zakaria

Journal of Engineering Research

One of the major issues facing the world, particularly developing countries, is waste management. “Waste” is any material that is not needed or has no intended use. Neglecting this waste endangers the safety of the public and causes harm, as it emits dangerous gases that have negative effects on human health. Egypt has made distinguished efforts to achieve the goals of Egypt Vision 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. These efforts, which have been implemented through massive government projects throughout the past few years and are set to be followed by more in the future, still require a lot of …

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Modelling And Simulation Of Drone’S Airfoil, Asmaa Elbahloul, Abdullah Elshenawy Nov 2023

Modelling And Simulation Of Drone’S Airfoil, Asmaa Elbahloul, Abdullah Elshenawy

Journal of Engineering Research

This paper proposes a different innovative design of airfoils used in drones. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is built to model and simulate velocity and pressure profiles of the airfoil. Simulation is carried out by COMSOL Multiphysics. Airfoil design no. A is simulated at different normal inflow velocity. Resulted lift and drag forces are 12.04 N and 2.27 N at a normal inflow velocity of 7 m/s. For the simulation of different airfoil design thickness, airfoil no. B achieved a total lift force of 22.83 N and a total drag force of 1.29 N.

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Path Planning For A 6 Dof Robotic Arm Based On Whale Optimization Algorithm And Genetic Algorithm, Mahmoud A. A. Mousa, Abdelrahman Tarek Elgohr, Hatem Khater Nov 2023

Path Planning For A 6 Dof Robotic Arm Based On Whale Optimization Algorithm And Genetic Algorithm, Mahmoud A. A. Mousa, Abdelrahman Tarek Elgohr, Hatem Khater

Journal of Engineering Research

The trajectory planning for robotic arms is a significant area of research, given its role in facilitating seamless trajectory execution and enhancing movement efficiency and accuracy. This paper focuses on the development of path planning algorithms for a robotic arm with six degrees of freedom. Specifically, three alternative approaches are explored: polynomial (cubic and quantic), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The comparison of outcomes between different methods revealed that polynomial methods were found to be more straightforward to implement, albeit constrained by the intricacy of the pathway. Upon examining the functioning of the WOA, it has been …

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Modelling Of The Outdoor And Indoor Parameters Affecting The Thermal Performance Of A Trombe Wall With Different Spaces, Moataz M. Abdel-Aziz, Reham Al-Sayad, Basma M. Ibrahim Nov 2023

Modelling Of The Outdoor And Indoor Parameters Affecting The Thermal Performance Of A Trombe Wall With Different Spaces, Moataz M. Abdel-Aziz, Reham Al-Sayad, Basma M. Ibrahim

Journal of Engineering Research

Passive solar technologies (PSTs) can have several positive effects on the environment and future energy-efficient when incorporated into building design and urban planning. A Trombe wall (TW) is a type of passive solar heating system that is used in building design and architecture to collect and store solar heat for later use in heating a structure. Moreover, TW plays an important role in the reduction of a building's cooling load. This paper uses a CFD ANSYS model to conduct a 3D numerical analysis of a TW to investigate the outdoor and indoor parameters that affect the TW. Additionally, the ideal …

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Contactless Heart Rate Detection Using Mm-Wave Radar Systems Advancements, Amr Hussein, Mustafa M. Abd Elnaby, Ahmed M. Elkhawaga, Nessim M. Mahmoud Nov 2023

Contactless Heart Rate Detection Using Mm-Wave Radar Systems Advancements, Amr Hussein, Mustafa M. Abd Elnaby, Ahmed M. Elkhawaga, Nessim M. Mahmoud

Journal of Engineering Research

In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the development of non-contact methods for detecting heart and breathing rates. Various Millimeter-wave (MM-wave) radar systems, operating at different frequency bands like 10 GHz, 24 GHz, 77 GHz, and 122 GHz, have been effectively deployed for this purpose. This paper explores the vital application of contactless systems in the medical field, particularly during disasters and epidemics. These systems are crucial for detecting the heart and breathing rates of individuals trapped under debris, in military operations, long-term vital sign monitoring in hospitals, and aiding the elderly in public spaces. Consequently, our …

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Design Of A Circular Concentric Microstrip Patch Antenna Array For Wi-Fi Band Energy Harvesting, Ahmed A. Kabeel, Amr Hussein, Ahmed E. Elmaghrabi, Rania H. Elabd Nov 2023

Design Of A Circular Concentric Microstrip Patch Antenna Array For Wi-Fi Band Energy Harvesting, Ahmed A. Kabeel, Amr Hussein, Ahmed E. Elmaghrabi, Rania H. Elabd

Journal of Engineering Research

Wireless networks have gone through unprecedented changes in the last decade owing to the rise in the number of users. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) (termed as RF-EH) can be a potential solution to exploit this traffic in communication systems, one of the key issues is designing a compact antenna array while providing reliable capturing characteristics over the operating band. In energy harvesting systems, printed slot antennas have received much attention owing to their matching characteristics. In addition, they present really appealing physical features, such as simple structure, small size, and low cost. In this paper, a small circular …

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A Review Paper: Electromagnetic Threats And The Protection, Hossam Elsheikh Nov 2023

A Review Paper: Electromagnetic Threats And The Protection, Hossam Elsheikh

Journal of Engineering Research

A review is given for the different aspects of Electromagnetic threats. The threats include the nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) and the high power microwave weapons (HEMP) These waves produce a high intensity electromagnetic field in a time up to few microseconds with frequencies which may extend to several Giga Hertz. This concentrated energy is capable of destroying or causing different sorts of damage to any electronic component if it couples to it. Modes of penetration to the electronic systems take place by a direct penetration through the holes, high currents induced on cables and antennas. Results are presented for the …

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A Compact Low Frequency Vivaldi Antenna For Ground Penetrating Radar, Amr Hussein, Ahmed M. Elshenawy, Ahmed M. Elkhawaga Nov 2023

A Compact Low Frequency Vivaldi Antenna For Ground Penetrating Radar, Amr Hussein, Ahmed M. Elshenawy, Ahmed M. Elkhawaga

Journal of Engineering Research

One of the most important parts in ground penetrating radar (GPR) system is the antenna. To transmit the waves to deep depths, the operating frequency should be decreased as possible. A compact Vivaldi antenna is proposed with operating frequency of 0.4 GHz and dimensions of (0.26λ_o×0.21λ_o×0.002λ_o), where λ_o is the free-space wavelength at the operating frequency. To increase the gain of the Vivaldi antenna, the length of antenna should be increased. The conventional Vivaldi antenna length should be greater than λ_o. In order to improve the gain of the Vivaldi antenna while maintaining a compact size, a triple slot line …

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A Novel Optimized Conical Antenna Array Structure For Back Lobe Cancellation Of Uniform Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays, Alzahraa H. Nosier, Mohamed E. Nasr, Nessem M. Mahmoud, Amr Hussein Nov 2023

A Novel Optimized Conical Antenna Array Structure For Back Lobe Cancellation Of Uniform Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays, Alzahraa H. Nosier, Mohamed E. Nasr, Nessem M. Mahmoud, Amr Hussein

Journal of Engineering Research

In wireless communication systems, the existence of the antenna array back lobe represents a significant source of interference, which causes degradation of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and power loss. In this paper, a novel optimized conical antenna array (O-CONAA) structure is proposed for back lobe cancellation of concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA). Based on the CAA, It is considered to be made up Of several concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA) which are placed in the X-Y plane. Firstly a non-optimized CONAA is constructed, by arranging these concentric CAAs with uniform vertical spacing along the Z-axis. Consequently, the CONAA seems to …

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Queueing Models Performance Analysis In Optical Switching Network Nodes, Waleed Gaballah Nov 2023

Queueing Models Performance Analysis In Optical Switching Network Nodes, Waleed Gaballah

Journal of Engineering Research

In optical switching networks, queueing models are often used for modeling, analyzing, and evaluating the performance of switching nodes. These models determine the number of optical packets in the switch and how quickly the switch can serve the traffic. This paper examines the numerical performance of optical switching nodes under various queuing models and simulates a modeling system using the OPNET modeler simulation tool. The study estimates the expected average number of optical packets, the probability of packet loss, and the waiting delay time in an optical switch under different loads and wavelength channels.The study estimates the expected average number …

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Enhancing Facial Emotion Recognition With A Modified Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Samah Gamel, Hatem Khater Nov 2023

Enhancing Facial Emotion Recognition With A Modified Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Samah Gamel, Hatem Khater

Journal of Engineering Research

Understanding and predicting human character traits play a crucial role in various domains ranging from psychology to human resources. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning algorithms, researchers have explored the potential of analyzing facial images to predict human character traits accurately. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the application of AI techniques for human character recognition. We review the existing literature on facial image analysis, AI algorithms, and personality prediction. Furthermore, we propose a methodology that leverages deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract meaningful features from facial images. Our experiments …

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Numerical Simulation Of Parallel Rlc Model Using Different Fractional Derivative Operators, Ahmed Nazih, Hamdy Elminir, W. E. Raslan, I. L. El-Kalla Nov 2023

Numerical Simulation Of Parallel Rlc Model Using Different Fractional Derivative Operators, Ahmed Nazih, Hamdy Elminir, W. E. Raslan, I. L. El-Kalla

Journal of Engineering Research

In the current study, the theory of fractional calculus is applied to the electric parallel RLC circuit. The aim of this article is to alter the concept of a parallel RLC circuit by applying various fractional derivative operators. A fractional RLC circuit was investigated via Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio, and Atangana-Baleanu derivatives. The Laplace transform technique was applied to resolve the system of governing differential equations. The results for the various orders are compared to each other. When the fractional order derivative tends to be one, the system's performance is found to be very slow due to a decrease in damping capacity. …

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A Comprehensive Review On Hybridization In Sustainable Desalination Systems, M.A. Elazab, Hamouda Abueldahab, Abdelrahman Tarek Elgohr, Mohamed S. Elhadidy Nov 2023

A Comprehensive Review On Hybridization In Sustainable Desalination Systems, M.A. Elazab, Hamouda Abueldahab, Abdelrahman Tarek Elgohr, Mohamed S. Elhadidy

Journal of Engineering Research

The contemporary era underscores the paramount significance of the water sector, largely due to dwindling resources and the exponential growth of the global population. Consequently, there is a pressing need to emphasis the vital role of desalination processes in addressing these challenges. In recent times, nations worldwide have shifted their focus towards optimizing treatment facilities. This optimization is pursued through the enhancement of plant efficiency and the amalgamation of diverse desalination technologies. The latter strategy has demonstrated its efficacy in augmenting on-ground productivity. Within this context, we embark on an exploration of the world's foremost desalination facilities, delving into their …

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Environmentally Friendly Wastewater Treatment In Egypt: Opportunities And Challenges, Mohamed Gabr Nov 2023

Environmentally Friendly Wastewater Treatment In Egypt: Opportunities And Challenges, Mohamed Gabr

Journal of Engineering Research

The uncontrolled and untreated discharge of significant amounts of wastewater into water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and streams, as a result of population growth, has resulted in a number of environmental and health problems. At the local and municipal levels, many processes are traditionally used for wastewater treatment. It is essential to comprehend all accessible methods and assess their effectiveness because of the growing demand for and development of newer technology. Reusing various agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastes is a workable solution to Egypt's water needs due to the country's limited water supply and gradually rising water demand. The Egyptian …

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A Review Of Hybrid Humidification And Dehumidification Desalination Systems, M.A. Elazab, A.E. Kabeel, Maher Rashad Salem, Hamouda Abueldahab, Mohamed S. Elhadidy Nov 2023

A Review Of Hybrid Humidification And Dehumidification Desalination Systems, M.A. Elazab, A.E. Kabeel, Maher Rashad Salem, Hamouda Abueldahab, Mohamed S. Elhadidy

Journal of Engineering Research

The escalating threat of water scarcity, coupled with the inclusion of numerous countries in the list of water-scarce nations, has elevated the issue of water availability to a paramount concern in today's global landscape. Freshwater sources are becoming increasingly scarce, with their proportional decline steadily progressing. Consequently, a growing number of nations have resorted to the desalination of seawater as a viable solution. In response to this critical need, a surge of studies and research endeavors has been dedicated to the development and refinement of desalination processes. One of the most promising innovations in this field is Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH) desalination …

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Experiential Learning In Computer Engineering Using Advanced Logic Design Peripherals, Omer Alkelany Nov 2023

Experiential Learning In Computer Engineering Using Advanced Logic Design Peripherals, Omer Alkelany

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- One of the main tracks of research is about Low-cost computing devices in engineering educations. This track face the problem that conventual methods are either too trivial demonstrative educational examples, or too abstracted that it hides away the necessary details students should learn, or too complex industry grade demonstrations. This research targets to utilize lost cost computing devices, and produce multiple step-by-step, educational components for university level. It relies on the experiential learning methodology via generating multiple level educational components for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. To inspire creativity, two Advanced experiences were demonstrated using a 5 mega …

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Recurrent Neural Networks Rnns And Decision Tree Dt Machine Learning-Based Approaches For Transmission System Faults Diagnosis, Sayed Abuanwar, Mohammed Saeed, Hanan Mosalem, Hatem Khater Nov 2023

Recurrent Neural Networks Rnns And Decision Tree Dt Machine Learning-Based Approaches For Transmission System Faults Diagnosis, Sayed Abuanwar, Mohammed Saeed, Hanan Mosalem, Hatem Khater

Journal of Engineering Research

Accurate and prompt detection of system faults are crucial to maintain sufficient protection of system equipment, avoid false tripping, and cascaded failures.This paper presents a comprehensive study on the effectiveness of machine learning techniques for electrical fault detection and classification. Specifically, a comparative analysis is conducted between two prominent algorithms: Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Decision Tree (DT). The study employs a dataset comprising real-world electrical fault scenarios to evaluate the performance of RNNs and DT in identifying and categorizing faults. While DT algorithm showed slightly better accuracy in some cases, the RNN exhibited better generalization capabilities and a lower …

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Using Relational Database To Effectively Manage And Monitor Institutional Research Activities, Omer Alkelany Nov 2023

Using Relational Database To Effectively Manage And Monitor Institutional Research Activities, Omer Alkelany

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- One of the widely used database management systems is based on Relational Databases (RL). Although there are other systems to manage data, such as graph database, hierarchical databased, etc., RL has become popular due to its simplicity and intuitiveness. However, RL has challenges to model some data dependencies such as the well known Many-to-Many (M:M) relationships. This paper demonstrates the use of RL databases to effectively manage and monitor research activities in higher educational institutions. This management simplifies the generation of reports, time trends, and event tables. A comparison between RL and other database management systems is also presented …

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Experiential Learning In Computer Engineering Using Medium Complexity Logic Design Circuits, Omer Alkelany Nov 2023

Experiential Learning In Computer Engineering Using Medium Complexity Logic Design Circuits, Omer Alkelany

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- One of the main tracks of research is about Low-cost computing devices in engineering educations. This track face the problem that conventual methods are either too trivial demonstrative educational examples, or too abstracted that it hides away the necessary details students should learn, or too complex industry grade demonstrations. This research targets to utilize lost cost computing devices, and produce medium complexity educational component using analog to digital, digital to analogy circuits integrated with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. A medium level complexity example is illustrated in this paper using Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog converter …

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Preliminary Design Of Reconfigurable Logic Experiential Learning Board For Computer Engineering Research And Education, Omer Alkelany Alkelany Nov 2023

Preliminary Design Of Reconfigurable Logic Experiential Learning Board For Computer Engineering Research And Education, Omer Alkelany Alkelany

Journal of Engineering Research

Modern research tracks in computer engineering is benefiting from reconfigurable logic hardware. It allows for rapid prototyping of early-stage concepts in hardware and validate its implementation. However, their manufacturers usually offer complex boards, which may offer components not used. Thus, in this research paper, we offer a preliminary design of a basic reconfigurable logic boards, with only basic components, to minimize its cost. This research targets to utilize lost cost Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. A basic printed circuit board design is illustrated in this paper for demonstration purposes. A comparison between comparable board components, and the proposed one …

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The Effect Of Strain Rate On Electrical And Mechanical Characteristics Of Pure Aluminum Using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (Ecap), E.M. Ibrahim, I.S El-Deeb, Maher Rashad Mohamed Salem Nov 2023

The Effect Of Strain Rate On Electrical And Mechanical Characteristics Of Pure Aluminum Using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (Ecap), E.M. Ibrahim, I.S El-Deeb, Maher Rashad Mohamed Salem

Journal of Engineering Research

-During equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), the effect of severe plastic deformation (SPD) rate on both the electrical (electrical resistance, denoted as (R),Ω and The electrical resistivity denoted as (ρ), Ω.m) and mechanical characteristics (Ultimate Tensile Strength abbreviated as (UTS), MPa and Micro-Hardness measured in Vickers Hardness Number, abbreviated as VHN) of pure aluminum alloy are experimentally investigated.ECAP was used to improve the pure aluminum alloy's microstructure at room temperature, which had samples with square cross sections. The findings indicate that as the rate of strain decreases from 0.3 to 0.1 s^-1, there is a gradual increase in both Ultimate Tensile …

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Experiential Learning In Computer Engineering Using Basic Logic Design Circuits, Omer Alkelany Nov 2023

Experiential Learning In Computer Engineering Using Basic Logic Design Circuits, Omer Alkelany

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- One of the main tracks of research is about Low-cost computing devices in engineering educations. This track face the problem that conventual methods are either too trivial demonstrative educational examples, or too abstracted that it hides away the necessary details students should learn, or too complex industry grade demonstrations. This research targets to utilize lost cost computing devices, and produce multiple step-by-step, educational components for university level. It relies on on the experiential learning methodology via generating multiple level educational components for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. Two basic design circuits were illustrated in this paper for two …

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Deciphering The Nexus: Blockchain-Smart Contracts And Their Transformative Potential In The Construction Industry, Hossam Wefki, Mona Salah, Hamdy Mostafa Elsharkawi Nov 2023

Deciphering The Nexus: Blockchain-Smart Contracts And Their Transformative Potential In The Construction Industry, Hossam Wefki, Mona Salah, Hamdy Mostafa Elsharkawi

Journal of Engineering Research

The construction industry, characterized by its intricate processes and extensive stakeholder networks, stands at the cusp of a digital revolution. The adoption of blockchain-smart contract (BCSC) technology is at the heart of this transformation. This research delves deep into the BCSC within the construction arena to provide comprehensive insight into its probable applications, inherent challenges, and potential future trajectories. Leveraging the PRISMA analysis technique, a curated collection of relevant academic research articles was assembled, shedding light on the existing body of knowledge regarding the application of BCSC technology in construction. The authors developed an innovative user interface tool customized to …

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Design And Implementation Of A 2.4 Ghz Millimeter Wave Radar System For Soil Water Content Detection, Amr Hussein, Ahmed M. Elkhawaga, Hossam Mohamed Kasem, Mohamed Dabaon Nov 2023

Design And Implementation Of A 2.4 Ghz Millimeter Wave Radar System For Soil Water Content Detection, Amr Hussein, Ahmed M. Elkhawaga, Hossam Mohamed Kasem, Mohamed Dabaon

Journal of Engineering Research

Because water has the highest real permittivity value, close to 80, compared to dry soils' real permittivity, which ranges from 3 to 15, measuring a soil's permittivity is strongly reliant on its moisture content. Furthermore, increased relative permittivity leads to a larger reflectivity coefficient. According to these perspectives, adding water to dry soil generates notable changes in wet soil permittivity and modifies the reflectance and characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves (EMWs) at the soil-air interface. Thus, the soil water content (SWC) may be reliably determined by recording variations in the properties of incident EMWs compared to a reference dry soil …

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