Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Loading Age And Transverse Reinforcement Ratio On Collapse Resistance Of Rc Frame Beams Under High Sustained Loads, Taiga Cibulka

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Catastrophic progressive collapses of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings can be triggered by column failure. In such a scenario, the beams supported by the failed column shall be able to form an alternative load path guarding the building against collapse. The compressive arch action passively generated after losing a column has been identified as an effective load-resisting mechanism for axially restrained RC frame beams. However, the beams need to continuously carry the redistributed gravity loads sustaining in the structural system. Past research predominantly focused on the short-time collapse resistance of RC beams and little is known about their time-dependent response …

Travel Time Theory For Traffic Conservation Laws With Applications, Sergio Contreras

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Travel time is an important concept in various intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. The concept is used in a wide array of applications, such as system planning, system performance, and optimization. Reducing the time required to travel between different points on a network is an important goal. Benefits include reducing time wasted in traveling, and keeping travelers satisfied. Thus, studying and reducing travel time in ITS is beneficial in different applications.

The classic density-based Lighthill Whitman Richards (LWR) equation for modeling traffic flow is the starting point in this dissertation. A more recent travel time dynamics function built on top …

Scalable Algorithm Design And Performance Analysis For Graph Motifs Discovery, Md Abdul Motaleb Faysal

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Discovering motifs or structural patterns, such as communities, is a significant graph application utilized for classifying groups in social and business networks, identifying similar proteins, detecting anomalous behavior in the cybersecurity domain, and finding critical entities in rumor propagation or infectious disease spreading. Existing state-of-the-art techniques for community discovery face challenges related to scalability, performance limitations, and methodological inaccuracies. The objective of this doctoral dissertation is to introduce novel parallel algorithms and propose high-performance computing architecture designs to address the performance constraints of current community detection approaches when processing large-scale social and biological data. This research focuses on two main …

The Risk Index As A Basis For Risk/Benefit Analyses And Protocol Optimization In Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Juan C Ocampo Ramos, Lukas M Carter, Justin L Brown, Harry Marquis, Carlos F Uribe, Pat B Zanzonico, Wesley E Bolch, Adam L Kesner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Potential risk associated with low-dose radiation exposures is often expressed using the effective dose (E) quantity. Other risk-related quantities have been proposed as alternatives. The recently introduced risk index (RI) shares similarities with E but expands the metric to incorporate medical imaging-appropriate risks factors including patient-specific size, age, and sex.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to examine the RI metric for quantifying stochastic radiation risk and demonstrate its applications in nuclear imaging. The advantages in this improved metric may help the field progress toward stratified risk consideration in the course of patient management, improve efforts for procedure …

Exploring Illness Perceptions Of Multimorbidity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Mixed Methods Study, Ayomide Okanlawon Bankole, Rozmin B Jiwani, Forgive Avorgbedor, Jing Wang, Onome H Osokpo, Sara L Gill, Carrie Jo Braden

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Illness perceptions are individual beliefs or experiences about the nature and treatment of their illness. Although extensive research exists about illness perceptions, little is known about illness perceptions of multimorbidity.

Methods: The purpose of this parallel-convergent mixed-methods study was to comprehensively explore illness perception of multimorbidity among community dwelling older adults. Data was collected using one-on-one semi-structured interviews (n=17) and the Multimorbidity Illness Perception Scale (MULTIPleS) (n=116). Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis while quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Both qualitative and quantitative findings were integrated to identify differences in illness perceptions of multimorbidity …

Investigating A Passive Treatment System For The Removal Of Nutrients From Urban Runoff, Jasminn Gray

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Environmental Protection Agency recognizes urban runoff as a major contributor of surface water pollution with nutrients as the second largest cause of surface water impairment in the United States. While a water quality standard of 100 lbs/day total phosphorus load allocation for all nonpoint sources is permitted for the Las Vegas Valley (LVV) under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, currently there is not a counterpart standard for nitrogen. With the continued development of the LVV and the depletion of the quantity of water in Lake Mead due to the ongoing drought, the concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen species …

Virus Removal And Characterization During Secondary Treatment At A Full-Scale Plant, Tyler Hill

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Virus removal is paramount to water reuse applications and nearly all water reuse applications require extensive pathogen reduction because of high influent concentration, difficulty of detection and distinguishing infectivity. Typically, regulations stipulate virus attenuation that require the implementation of multi-barrier advanced treatment trains and award these reductions in log notation called log reduction values (LRVs). Reduction of virus concentrations are not awarded for virus removal that may occur in wastewater treatment steps which precede water reuse units such as activated sludge secondary biological treatment.

A systematic literature review was performed and virus reduction at full-scale wastewater treatment plan was monitored …

Improving Multi-Crane Planning On Construction Sites, Ali Khodabandelu

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Designing the configuration of tower cranes, managing their operations, and coordinating material logistics are intricate processes that wield significant influence over the time, cost, productivity, and safety of construction projects. This complexity stems from the multitude of layout configurations, diverse crane types, varied tasks, and material supply points, all interacting within a dynamic environment. Collisions pose a heightened risk due to overlapping crane areas, further adding complexity to the planning of crane layouts and operations. Optimizing crane layout and operational planning while ensuring safety requires establishing effective connections between tasks, cranes, and material supply locations. Traditionally, research and industry practices …

Optimized Indoor Temperature In Office Buildings Through Personalized Thermal Comfort Modeling, Raviteja Patchava

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Building occupants experience varying thermal comforts at static indoor set-point temperatures due to variances in preferences, needs, and activities, both within and among individuals. Despite advancement in smart building control systems, many building occupants remain dissatisfied with indoor temperatures. This study developed and created an optimization model to predict the optimized indoor temperature preferences in multiple-occupancy settings. To achieve this, personalized thermal comfort models for each occupant in a multiple occupancy space were developed. The personal comfort models serve as the foundation for predicting their individual thermal preference and developing indoor temperature optimization model. When predicting the individual thermal preference, …

Compassion, Oxytocin, And Simulation Experiences Among Prelicensure Nursing Students, Shelley L. Price

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background: Compassion is a core competency and the philosophical foundation of nursing. Previous studies demonstrated that uncompassionate nursing care was associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality, prolonged illness and recovery, and missed care opportunities. However, it is unknown whether prelicensure nursing education contributes to greater compassion levels among prelicensure nursing students (PNSs). Aims: These studies addressed three research aims: (1) Describe and compare levels of compassion in first-term and last-term PNSs, (2) Determine the effects of a compassion-inducing simulation event on compassion in PNSs, as measured through a survey and biological measurement, and lastly, (3) Investigate the relationship between …

Engineered Biomass-Derived Carbon Adsorbents For Targeted Contaminant Remediation From Aqueous Environments, Suraj Venkat Pochampally

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Porous carbon adsorbents like biochar (BC) are produced from waste biomasses like wood chips, animal litter, nut shells, dried grass, etc. to be used in a multitude of applications like gas capture, soil amendment, water treatment, electrode materials, etc. In water treatment, carbon-based adsorbents have been mainly used to physically or chemically adsorb contaminants depending on the adsorption mechanism. However, BCs in their raw state do not have the capability of absorbing high amounts of contaminants and need to be activated/ modified for the pore network to broaden and adsorb the contaminants with better efficiency.

The scope of this dissertation …

Numerical Investigations Of Sco2 Compressor Aerothermodynamics Using A Streamline Curvature Based Throughflow Method, Victor Quintanilla

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) has emerged as a promising working fluid for the Brayton power cycle, offering enhanced efficiency due to the high density and low viscosity of carbon dioxide (CO₂) near the critical point. A critical component of the sCO₂ Brayton cycle is the turbomachinery, namely the compressor, which significantly contributes to the efficiency enhancement in the sCO₂ Brayton cycle owing to reduced compression work requirements. Its primary function involves elevating the fluid's pressure, effectively priming it for the subsequent heat addition process from a thermal energy source. However, despite its advantages, challenges …

Implementation Of Adas And Autonomy On Unlv Campus, Zillur Rahman

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The integration of Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving functionalities into contemporary vehicles has notably surged, driven by the remarkable progress in artificial intelligence (AI). These AI systems, capable of learning from real-world data, now exhibit the capability to perceive their surroundings via a suite of sensors, create optimal routes from source to destination, and execute vehicle control akin to a human driver.

Within the context of this thesis, we undertake a comprehensive exploration of three distinct yet interrelated ADAS and Autonomy projects. Our central objective is the implementation of autonomous driving(AD) technology at UNLV campus, culminating in …

Treatment Of Oxyanion Contaminants From Waste Brine Streams Using Halophilic/Halotolerant Microorganisms, Yasaman Saedi

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Brine waste streams are a current environmental issue given their high concentrations of contaminants and total dissolved solids (TDS), specifically sodium and chloride. Developing technologies that address brine treatment challenges is an essential need for water and wastewater industries. In addition to high salinity industrial wastes, there are several water treatment technologies producing brine waste streams in high volumes including reverse osmosis (RO), membranes, and Ion-exchange. With rising water demands and decreasing water supply, RO membranes will be extensively employed for potable water reuse and water desalination. Reusable ion exchange resins are also widely used to remove oxyanions contaminants from …

Actinide Behavior In Soft Ligand Environments And Higher Oxidation States Of Neptunium In Aqueous Media With Solid-State Synthesis Of Np(Vii) Compounds, Kelly Floyd Seeley

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The fundamental properties of Uranium and Neptunium were investigated with Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) to study the behavior or 5f electrons with chalcogen, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals. Two novel compounds were generated: NaCuUS₃ and NaCuNpS₃. There are several crystal structures that form in the family of AMM’Q (A = s-block, M = d-block, M’ = d-block or f-block, and Q = chalcogen), with oxidation states of A¹⁺, M¹⁺, M’⁴⁺, and Q^2- ions from the family of type I compounds. Work was continued to …

Performance Comparison Of Design-Bid-Build (Dbb), Design-Build (Db) And Construction Management-At-Risk (Cmar) Methods, And Identification Of Critical Success Factors For Db And Cmar In Water And Wastewater Projects, Shrijan Shrestha

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The United States encounters numerous challenges within the water and wastewater sectors. The American Water Works Association mandates a capital investment of $1.3 trillion over the next 25 years for the restoration and renewal of water infrastructures throughout the United States. (AWWA). To design and construct cost-effective and time-efficient water and wastewater facilities without compromising the infrastructure quality, owners are adopting alternative approaches to project delivery like Construction Management-at-Risk (CMAR) and Design-Build (DB). These approaches introduce innovation and integration into project delivery, addressing specific limitations inherent in the traditional Design-Bid-Build (DBB) method. The rise in utilization of alternative delivery methodologies …

A Dynamic Scoring Methodology For Morphing Airfoil Designs With Application To A Stalling Scenario, Stone Wachs

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Shape Changing Airfoils (SCAs) are a developing technology with potential aircraft applications. Leading aerospace corporations are actively researching SCA capabilities. The necessity for this technology stems from the requirement of control surfaces for safe aircraft control. However, the process of testing and determining optimal SCA designs can be costly and time-consuming. While methodologies exist, they often require specific scenario examples and lack a standard approach. To address this issue, a standardized methodology is needed that can be applied to various applications and scenarios. This methodology consists of computational/experimentally produced data for airfoils, a subjective and strategic scoring equation, an algorithmic …

Numerical Investigation Of Physical Parameters In Cardiac Vessels As A New Medical Support Science For Complex Blood Flow Characteristics, Defrianto, Toto Saktioto, Yan Soerbakti, Andika Thoibah, Bunga Meyzia, Romi Fadli Syahputra, Okfalisa, Syamsudhuha, Dedi Irawan, Haryana Hairi

Baghdad Science Journal

This study proposes a mathematical approach and numerical experiment for a simple solution of cardiac blood flow to the heart's blood vessels. A mathematical model of human blood flow through arterial branches was studied and calculated using the Navier-Stokes partial differential equation with finite element analysis (FEA) approach. Furthermore, FEA is applied to the steady flow of two-dimensional viscous liquids through different geometries. The validity of the computational method is determined by comparing numerical experiments with the results of the analysis of different functions. Numerical analysis showed that the highest blood flow velocity of 1.22 cm/s occurred in the center …

Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes Using Modified Hummers Method For Cathode Electrodes In Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, Mazin Hasan Raheema, Ghufran S. Jaber

Baghdad Science Journal

In this research, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is prepared through the Hummers method with a slight change in some of the work steps, thus, a new method has been created for preparing carbon nanotubes which is similar to the original Hummers method that is used to prepare graphene oxide. Then, the suspension carbon nanotubes is transferred to a simple electrode position platform consisting of two electrodes and the cell body for the coating and reduction of the carbon nanotubes on ITO glass which represents the cathode electrode while platinum represents the anode electrode. The deposited layer of carbon nanotubes is examined …

Heat Production Rate And Radiation Hazard Indices From Radioactive Elements In Different Types Of Natural Water In Nineveh Governorate, Iraq., Danya Saleh Mustafa Al-Sofy, Firas Mohammed Ali Al-Jomaily

Baghdad Science Journal

The current study sheds light on the measurement and estimation of the radioactivity of radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40k) in natural waters of different regions of Nineveh Governorate in Iraq.15 samples were collected from different sources of natural waters, where gamma-ray spectroscopy was used using NaI)TI) sodium iodide detector to determine the concentration of radioactivity in the samples. According to the results, the radioactivity concentration in the tested water sample were ​​ranged from 0.36 ± 0.04-1.57 ± 0.09with an average value of 0.69 ± 0.06 Bq/l for 238U, and 2.9 ± 0.02-0.88 ± 0.03 with an average value of …

Building A Statistical Model To Detect Foreground Objects And Using It In Video Steganography, Mithal Hadi Jebur, Fanar Ali Joda, Mohammed Abdullah Naser

Baghdad Science Journal

Video steganography has become a popular option for protecting secret data from hacking attempts and common attacks on the internet. However, when the whole video frame(s) are used to embed secret data, this may lead to visual distortion. This work is an attempt to hide sensitive secret image inside the moving objects in a video based on separating the object from the background of the frame, selecting and arranging them according to object's size for embedding secret image. The XOR technique is used with reverse bits between the secret image bits and the detected moving object bits for embedding. The …

Solving The Hotdog Problem By Using The Joint Zero-Order Finite Hankel - Elzaki Transform, Roqia Khaled Rdwan, Mohammed Mahmoud Amer

Baghdad Science Journal

This paper is concerned with combining two different transforms to present a new joint transform FHET and its inverse transform IFHET. Also, the most important property of FHET was concluded and proved, which is called the finite Hankel – Elzaki transforms of the Bessel differential operator property, this property was discussed for two different boundary conditions, Dirichlet and Robin. Where the importance of this property is shown by solving axisymmetric partial differential equations and transitioning to an algebraic equation directly. Also, the joint Finite Hankel-Elzaki transform method was applied in solving a mathematical-physical problem, which is the Hotdog Problem. A …

Impactful Interactivity Within Video Games, Luke Robert Maeser

Theses

Despite half a century of existence and dedicated academic programs educating next generations of game developers, conclusive evidence does not exist as to if video games are beneficial to learning or costly. Examining the notion of benefit versus cost, it is important to assess the value of video games when leveraged as tools for learning as traditional educational methodologies are not infallible. This paper explores how video games can generate psychological responses; and therefore, one must conclude learning has occurred. The following is encompassed: meaningful interactivity within video games (regarding narrative and gameplay), video games as educational tools, video game …

The Importance Of Female Bass Players: How They Have Influenced And Shaped Our Conception Of Music, Jessica Sacks

Theses

Music allows us to think creatively, dream, and create a soundtrack for our lives. When we think of female artists, most people recognize singers, but I want to describe how women have shaped music for over sixty years with their fantastic playing abilities. This project will analyze how female bass players have contributed to American music and society.

Maximising Captured Power And Battery Management For Heaving Wave Energy Converters, Omsalama Mubarak Mohamed

Dissertations

Sea waves are considered the most potent energy carriers among all sources of renewable energy. This research work is concerned with developingtechnologies to enhance performance and improve power capturing and conversion capabilities of a single heaving wave energy converter (WEC) actuated by a PMLG (Permanent Magnet Linear Generator). The objective of this dissertation is achieved by three techniques. The first one considers maximizing conversion between the mechanical and electrical powers. It is implemented by designing intrinsic resistance using a rapid procedure involving the mechanical and electrical models of the converter and considering its operating constraints. A robust PID (proportional – …

Supporting A More Equitable Learning Environment: Implications Of Person-Centered Practices On Teacher Self-Efficacy, Angela Menchaca

Masters Theses (Archived)

No abstract provided.

Perception Of Bias In Chatgpt: Analysis Of Social Media Data, Abdullah Wahbeh, Mohammad A. Al-Ramahi, Omar El-Gayar, Ahmed El Noshokaty, Tareq Nasralah

Computer Information Systems Faculty Publications (Archived)

In this study, we aim to analyze the public perception of Twitter users with respect to the use of ChatGPT and the potential bias in its responses. Sentiment and emotion analysis were also analyzed. Analysis of 5,962 English tweets showed that Twitter users were concerned about six main types of biases, namely: political, ideological, data & algorithmic, gender, racial, cultural, and confirmation biases. Sentiment analysis showed that most of the users reflected a neutral sentiment, followed by negative and positive sentiment. Emotion analysis mainly reflected anger, disgust, and sadness with respect to bias concerns with ChatGPT use.

Static Binary Rewriting For Rop Gadget Removal, Hans Verhoeven

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) is an exploitation technique that is commonly used by malicious users. It works by leveraging return statements in binaries to gain control over the execution of programs. Some mitigations for ROP include changing the binary during compilation time, rewriting the binary after compilation, and adding runtime checks to the binary. The focus of this study was rewriting the binary after compilation. Rewriting during compilation time requires end users to have access to source code, which, in most cases, they will not. Adding runtime checks adds additional overhead to the target binary.

The areas this study aimed to …

Should State Land In Southern California Be Allocated To Warehousing Goods Or Housing People? Analyzing Transportation, Climate, And Unintended Consequences Of Supply Chain Solutions, Tianjun Lu, Jian-Yu Ke, Azure Fisher, Mahmoud Salari, Patricia Valladolid, Fynnwin Prager

Mineta Transportation Institute

In response to COVID-19 pandemic supply chain issues, the State of California issued Executive Order (EO) N-19-21 to use state land to increase warehousing capacity. This highlights a land-use paradox between economic and environmental goals: adding warehouse capacity increases climate pollution and traffic congestion around the ports and warehouses, while there is a deficit of affordable housing and high homeless rates in port-adjacent underserved communities. This study aims to inform regional policymakers and community stakeholders about these trade-offs by identifying current and future supply of and demand for warehousing and housing in Southern California through 2040. The study uses statistical …

Influence Of Pavement Conditions On Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes, Stephen Arhin, Babin Manandhar, Adam Gatiba

Mineta Transportation Institute

Commercial motor vehicle (CMV) safety is a major concern in the United States, including the District of Columbia (DC), where CMVs make up 15% of traffic. This research uses a comprehensive approach, combining statistical analysis and machine learning techniques, to investigate the impact of road pavement conditions on CMV accidents. The study integrates traffic crash data from the Traffic Accident Reporting and Analysis Systems Version 2.0 (TARAS2) database with pavement condition data provided by the District Department of Transportation (DDOT). Data spanning from 2016 to 2020 was collected and analyzed, focusing on CMV routes in DC. The analysis employs binary …