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Les Conditions Générales De Formation Du Contrat Dans La Jurisprudence Libanaise : L’Objet, La Cause, Les Vices Du Consentement, Samia Nassar Asmar

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The general conditions for the formation of the contract in the Lebanese case law The Lebanese lawmaker enacted the general conditions for the formation of the contract in Articles 186 and following of the Code of Obligations and Contracts. However, here as elsewhere, the legislative work had to be supplemented by case law. The analysis of the case law relating to the substantive conditions required for the formation of the contract, has allowed to identify the most significant points of litigation in this area, to list the solutions given by the courts and to infer their general guidelines. The Lebanese …

قراءة في أحكام قانون انتخاب أعضاء مجلس النواب رقم ٢٠١٧/٤٤, رزق زغيب

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

By virtue of the new law on the Election of the Members of Parliament number 44 promulgated on June 17, 2017 and for the first time in its one hundred years history, Lebanon has adopted the proportional representation electoral system with a closed list and a preferential vote according to the greatest remainders. It is not surprising to note that the adoption of a specific electoral system is never considered in general as an innocent choice. This choice is controlled by the wishes of the governing political classes which aim though a new law on elections to achieve specific goals …

Le Secret Bancaire Libanais À L’Épreuve Des Contraintes De La Coopération Internationale, Youmna Zein Hayek

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The Banking secrecy law which was promulgated in 1956 is undoubtedly one of the pillars of the Lebanese banking system. The stringent provisions of the law require banks to maintain the absolute secrecy of their clients’ information, except in some limited cases. However, Lebanon has lately joined the global community’s effort to fight money laundering and terrorism financing including tax evasion. As a result, new laws were enacted whereby new circumstances trigger the release of the banking secrecy. This article examines the impact of the new laws and regulations on the scope of the Lebanese banking secrecy system.

La Réforme Du Code De Commerce Libanais : Impact Sur Le Fonctionnement Des Sociétés Anonymes, Patrick Soumrani

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Except for specific limited amendments, the Lebanese corporate law has remained unchanged for many years. Several drafts aiming to reform and modernize such law have been prepared since the 1990s. But it is only in 2019 that a new draft has been voted hastily by the parliament, and has entered into effect on the 1st of July 2019. The reform brings numerous advantages: it facilitates the functioning of limited liability companies and joint stock companies, introduces the single partner limited liability company, provides for specific provisions governing the GDRs, as well as companies’ mergers and splits, and sanctions penalty the …

Réflexions Sur La Monnaie Et La Banque Au Liban, Antoine Merheb

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Banks and currencies have always been intimately linked and the problems suffered by one affect inevitably the other. This article which recalls the history of the contemporary national currency tries to enlighten the causes of the most serious monetary crisis that Lebanon has incurred since its independence in 1943 and the deleterious effects of this crisis on the Lebanese banking sector which is, in part, responsible for having blindly followed, not always under duress, the policy drawn up by the central bank and which only found, to escape total bankruptcy, to hang on to the unlimited liberating power of a …

L’Hypothèse D’Une Consécration Des « Familles » Naturelles Et Adoptives Par Le Droit Libanais Des Successions Non Musulmanes, Vincent Heuzé

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

The Law of 23 June 1959 has significantly reformed the non-Muslim Inheritance Law, in particular by granting inheritance rights to natural and adopted children. While the very innovative nature of this solution has long justified, by a contrario reasoning, that any inheritance rights be refused to adoptive parents as well as to ascendants and collaterals of natural children, the present article attempts to demonstrate that a reversed interpretation would not be incompatible with the legislation nor with the evolution of ideas in Lebanon.

Le Mariage Civil Au Liban : Les Enjeux Et Les Difficultés, Pierre Gannagé

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

This article highlights the difficulties associated with the introduction of civil marriage in Lebanon. It analyzes the latest developments in positive law, taking into account marriages performed before a notary and drafts codification of family law. Finally, it shows that the secularization of personal status is perfectly compatible with the essential requirements of the Lebanese multi-community regime.

Penanggulangan Masalah Preman Ditinjau Dari Sudut Politik Kriminil, M. Hamdan

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Lembaga Swadana Sebagai Suatu Model Pengelolaan Keuangan, Arifin P. Soeria Atmadja

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Constitutional Theory At A Catholic University, J. Joel Alicea

Catholic University Law Review

I argue that the study of constitutional theory is ideally suited to benefit from the intellectual climate of a Catholic university. To make that argument, I address three questions. First, in what ways does constitutional theory benefit from the intellectual disposition of a Catholic university? Second, what might be the potential drawbacks or risks involved in studying constitutional theory at a Catholic university? And finally, how can one gain the benefits of being a constitutional theorist at a Catholic university while avoiding any potential risks that attend that setting?

Aquinas, Wilson, And Continuity On Crime And Punishment, Brian M. Murray

Catholic University Law Review

This Article compares the legal thought of James Wilson, a leading jurisprudential figure during the American Founding, and Thomas Aquinas, perhaps the most well-known medieval philosopher, on crime and punishment. It argues their theories are closer than the historical gulf between them suggests would be the case. Both limit the definition of crime to morally culpable acts involving public harm. Each considers redressing the public disorder crime causes as the primary justification for punishment. While Wilson defers to the English common law to emphasize protecting certain natural rights and to prevent crime, Aquinas points to his understanding of natural law …

Reasonable, Legal, Voluntary? Grants Pass Decision Sparks Need For A Revised Fourth Amendment Search Analysis In The Context Of Homelessness, Hali R. Woods

Catholic University Law Review

On June 28, 2024 the Supreme Court decided City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Johnson.  The case addressed whether the enforcement of city ordinances regulating camping on public property against individuals including respondents, unhoused individuals residing in the city of Grants Pass, constituted cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment.  The Court upheld enforcement of the ordinances and since then approximately 150 cities across the United States have passed similar ordinances or strengthened existing similar laws.  This comment evaluates how Grants Pass is an Eighth Amendment case with Fourth Amendment consequences which sparks a need for a revised …

Endowmentball, Doron Narotzki

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

This Article presents a policy and a structural response to a national capacity failure in American higher education: the concentration of endowment wealth in a handful of elite institutions, while most colleges, those that educate the majority of Americans, including most low-income, first-generation, and underrepresented students, operate under permanent financial constraint, and remain drastically underfunded. This imbalance carries a profound social cost. It weakens equity, limits inclusion, and undermines the promise of upward mobility that higher education is supposed to deliver.

The proposed framework introduces a progressive excise tax on endowment investment returns, scaled by per-student wealth. Universities with excessive …

The Freedom To Be Bound: Anti-Discrimination Theology And The Ministerial Exception, Brooke Girley

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

The ministerial exception is generally seen as safeguarding the autonomy of religious institutions in employment decisions, but does it also serve as a roadblock to religious freedom? The recent dismissal of the gender discrimination lawsuit by Rev. Dr. Eboni Marshall Turman against the historic Abyssinian Baptist Church calls into question whether the breadth of the exception promotes religious freedom in all contexts. This article argues that the ministerial exception, although designed to protect religious autonomy, may paradoxically undermine that very autonomy when applied to faith communities, like Abyssinian, that have voluntarily embraced anti-discrimination as part of their theology and praxis. …

Teacher, Mentor, Scholar, Friend: A Tribute To Professor Len Rubinowitz, Cynthia Wilson

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

Frozen Identity: How Rigid Conceptions Of Sexuality Endanger Lesbian Asylum Claims, Mariajose De La Hoz

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

Bias, stereotypes, and antiquated conceptions of sexual orientation erect systemic barriers for lesbian women seeking asylum in the United States. Decision-makers with a limited understanding of LGBTQI+ identities impose expectations that reinforce stereotypes while discrediting applicants’ lived experiences. This results in adverse credibility determinations that distort evidentiary burdens and deny relief to applicants with legitimate claims. This Note examines how fixed conceptions of identity endanger the asylum process for lesbian women fleeing persecution based on their sexual orientation. Proposed solutions include statutory reforms, updated training for asylum officers, and a shift toward evaluating claims through the applicant’s lived experiences rather …

“As Though You Could Never Sink”: Gender Euphoria Through Aquatic Embodiment In The Sun Also Rises, Devan Edwards

Honors Theses

Recent scholarship in disability studies and queer theory (2007-2024) reveals that Jake Barnes's war wound in Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises functions as something more complex than tragic loss. This paper argues that Jake's swimming and fishing scenes constitute moments of gender euphoria, a term borrowed from contemporary transgender studies, enabled specifically by aquatic embodiment. In these scenes, water functions as the physical and symbolic medium through which Jake's war-wounded body transcends the performative demands of 1920s heteronormative masculinity. Building on Michael Anesko's provocative reading of Jake as "accidentally transgendered" (Literature and Medicine, 2015) and Martina Kübler's argument that impotence …

The Effects Of Oleuropein In Olive Leaf Extract Alone Or Combined With Calcitriol On The Viability And Migration Of Human Endometrial Cells In Vitro, Katelyn Devereaux

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-aged women worldwide and is commonly associated with pelvic pain, infertility, and reduced quality of life. Current management strategies, including hormonal therapies and surgical intervention, often provide only temporary relief and are associated with recurrence and adverse effects. These limitations highlight the need for alternative, non-hormonal therapeutic approaches that target underlying inflammatory and cellular mechanisms of disease progression.

This study evaluated the effects of oleuropein, contained within an olive leaf extract, and calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, on cellular viability and migration in immortalized human endometriotic epithelial (12Z) …

Las Vegas Review-Journal, Inc V. Eighth Judicial Dist. Ct., 142 Nev. Adv. Op. 31 (April 23, 2026), Randolph Anderson

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Prior restraints or gag orders may be imposed only if they are narrowly tailored and the least restrictive means available to prevent a clear and present danger.

Montana Kaimin, April 23, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

2025 Annual Report, University Of Maine School Of Law

Clinic Annual Report

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 2025: YEAR IN REVIEW

6 GENERAL PRACTICE CLINIC

8 PRISONER ASSISTANCE CLINIC

10 PROTECTION FROM ABUSE PROGRAM

12 REFUGEE AND HUMAN RIGHTS CLINIC

14 RURAL PRACTICE CLINIC

16 YOUTH JUSTICE CLINIC

18 CENTER FOR YOUTH POLICY & LAW

20 BUSINESS & LAW CLINIC

22 ALUMNI SPOTLIGHTS

24 DONORS AND FUNDING

26 FACULTY AND STAFF

Institutional Timidity: Reading Len Rubinowitz Toward A Structural Theory Of Civil Rights Enforcement, Sheldon Bernard Lyke

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

This Article first documents institutional timidity in fair housing enforcement through Rubinowitz’s empirical account of HUD and then extends the analysis to higher education admissions. It shows that universities defending affirmative action uniformly adopted the diversity rationale while declining to argue that race-conscious admissions correct for bias embedded in their own criteria. These choices did not merely weaken outcomes; they also helped produce the doctrinal frameworks that later constrained them. In identifying institutional timidity as a mechanism of doctrinal production, this Article extends Rubinowitz’s insights across domains and into constitutional law. It concludes by proposing strategies that shift civil rights …

“Downstream People:” Lessons From The Tar Creek Superfund Site And Quapaw Nation In Pursuit Of An Environmental Justice-Informed Cercla Regime, Leah Fitter

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

In 1983, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) designated Tar Creek, a former productive zinc and lead mining zone located in northeastern Oklahoma on land predominantly owned by the Indigenous Quapaw people, as a Superfund site. Its designation came in the wake of findings in 1980 that drainage and tailings from the site’s mining days had polluted the zone’s surface water into some of the most toxic water in the country. Tar Creek was an environmental justice disaster that disproportionately exposed the historically marginalized Quapaw Nation to hazardous mining waste and resulted in detrimental health impacts. Despite numerous demonstrations …

Kenyon Collegian - April 23, 2026

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Federalist Politics And The Elusive Original Meaning Of The Free Exercise Clause, Jack Thorlin

Catholic University Law Review

Originalism requires interpreting the Constitution by reference to a provision’s original public meaning. But there is very little evidence of original public meaning for some constitutional provisions, most notably the Free Exercise Clause. Originalists have splintered into several different methodological approaches toward the Clause. Justices Scalia and O’Connor staked out opposing originalist views on the Clause thirty years ago in Employment Division v. Smith and City of Boerne v. Flores. In the Roberts Court, some of the conservative justices have attempted to apply a simple textualist interpretation of the Clause, but those efforts have not attracted most of the …

Commonsense And Convoluted: Revisiting Scott V. Harris And Its Effect On Summary Judgment, Zachary P. Novak

Catholic University Law Review

The traditional summary judgment standard across state and federal courts has long been that facts are viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmovant; this has developed as both a baseline measure to test whether the claims are even fit for a trial, but also as a measure of fairness – it is the movant who wants to dispose of the case before trial, so this standard gives the nonmovant a more level playing field. However, the Supreme Court decision of Scott v. Harris carved out a unique exception to this standard: when there is video evidence that so …

Nasa, Japan, And The Commercial Space Industry, William D. Haddock, Anonymous

Student Contributions

This policy brief analyzes China’s growing competition with the United States in the commercial space sector. China’s state-owned enterprises are expanding their influence in space development, challenging U.S. leadership. The brief proposes reforming NASA’s acquisition and bidding policies while strengthening U.S.-Japan cooperation to enhance joint space capabilities and preserve strategic influence.

Restrain, Seclude, Repeat: Seeking Solutions To End The Troubled Teen Industry’S Cycle Of Harm, Elizabeth James

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

Although there is a consensus that children receiving mental health treatment in youth residential programs should only be restrained and secluded in emergency situations, youth residential program staff routinely restrain and seclude children in non-emergency situations, causing significant physical and psychological harm to the child and, on occasion, leading to the child’s death. Current federal and state laws do not adequately regulate this practice, nor correct a business model that wrongly prioritizes profits over a child’s well-being, but private action through 42 U.S.C. § 1983 may provide a powerful remedy to victims of the troubled teen industry and the necessary …

The Double-Edged Rhetoric Of Parental Rights: Conflicts Between Freedom And Control In Cases Concerning Transgender Youth, Susan Etta Keller

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

This Article examines the rhetorical structures courts and advocates deploy in two distinct lines of cases adjudicating parental rights claims affecting transgender youth: cases challenging state bans on gender-affirming care, and cases challenging school policies supportive of transgender students. Although the legal basis for the parental rights claims in each set of cases is the same—substantive due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment—the alignment of parental interests with those of their children diverges between the two sets. In the gender-affirming care cases, parents act in concert with their children’s expressed interests; in the school policy cases, parents seek to override …

Sb 23-25/26: Resolution Revising Fiscal Policy, Liam Edwards

Senate Resolutions, 2007-Present

SB23-25/26: Resolution Generally Revising Fiscal Policy. This resolution passed [14-0-0] on a roll call vote during the April 22, 2026 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM).