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Social Support And Treatment Outcomes Among Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis And Persons Living With Hiv In Nigeria, Abiodun Olusegun Hassan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An estimated 40% of people with tuberculosis (TB) are missed due to underdiagnosis, and among those previously treated TB cases, about a quarter develop drug-resistant TB in Nigeria. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is stalling the effort towards TB’s control and eradication. Few studies have examined the impact of the psychosocial effect and support systems for TB, particularly for MDR-TB. In this quantitative, cross-sectional study, the predictive relationship between social support given to MDR-TB patients and their treatment outcomes was examined using secondary data of 594 MDR-TB cases enrolled between January 2018 and December 2021. The theoretical framework for …

Al-Imari V. Udot : Reply Brief, Utah Court Of Appeals

Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (2020 –)

Attorneys for Appellee and Defendant UDOT Joseph E. Minnock Anna Nelson MORGAN, MINNOCK, RICE & MINER, L.C.

Attorneys for Appellants and Plaintiffs Brad H. Bearnson Wayman M. Stodart BEARNSON & CALDWELL Attorneys for Appellee and Defendant Staker George W. Burbidge II W. Kevin Tanner CHRISTENSEN & JENSEN, P.C.

Mbj-Neutrosophic Structure Applied To Bp-Algebras: Bp-Subalgebras And Α-Ideals, Bavanari Satyanarayana, Shake Baji, Anjaneyulu Naik K.

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In this article, we introduce the concepts of MBJ-neutrosophic BP-subalgebras and MBJ-neutrosophic α-ideals in BP-algebra by applying MBJ-neutrosophic logic to algebraic structure BP-algebra. We prove that the intersection of two MBJ-neutrosophic α-ideals and the inverse image of an MBJ-neutrosophic α-ideal are also MBJ-neutrosophic α-ideals. Furthermore, we prove an MBJ-neutrosophic set is an MBJ-neutrosophic BP-subalgebra if and only if its level sets are BP-subalgebras.

Solving N-Players Continuous Differential Games Under Neutrosophic Environment, M. G. Brikaa

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Uncertainty plays a crucial role in decision-making problems, particularly in game theory. Various forms of uncertainty have been explored in the literature, including fuzzy, soft, rough, and interval-based approaches. Game theory has been extensively studied under these uncertainty models, with researchers addressing vagueness, and imprecision from multiple perspectives. More recently, neutrosophic sets have emerged as an alternative framework for handling uncertainty. Neutrosophic numbers effectively incorporate indeterminacy in decision-making by considering factors such as intuition, assumptions, judgment, behavior, evaluation, and preferences of decision-makers. This paper presents a novel approach to solving a new class of n-player continuous differential games within a …

Effect Of Cycle Coaching On Middle School Math Achievement, Lauren Wilson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed in this project study was that 96% of middle school students at the local district did not meet proficient level on the math state assessment (MSA). School leaders implemented coaching cycles grounded in the theory of action for teacher coaching to enhance teacher knowledge and practice and to improve student achievement; however, the effectiveness of this intervention was unknown. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the difference in MSA scores between middle school students whose teachers participated in cycle coaching and students whose teachers did not, while controlling for the previous year’s MSA score. …

A Qualitative Examination Of Probationary Police Candidate Success And Attrition, Joseph Eugene Roy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Law enforcement has undergone significant changes, requiring modern officers to embody a complex blend of traditional values and adaptive capabilities. Despite rigorous selection and training processes, some police recruits leave the profession prematurely, often during their probationary or field training phases. This early attrition represents a costly challenge for law enforcement agencies, with training expenses sometimes exceeding $200,000 per recruit. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of police recruits who successfully completed field training and compared them to the observations of FTOs who trained recruits who left law enforcement early. The research used Edwin Sutherland’s differential association theory and …

Formative Research For A Family Counseling-Special Education Advocacy Intervention, Rosalind C. Ceasar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Families of children with disabilities may face challenges with their children’s education which increases their risk of mental health problems. This formative, qualitative research was to explore the practices of mental health counselors who incorporate special education advocacy into counseling, to advise the development of a family counseling-special education advocacy program. The research question was: what are the special education advocacy practices of mental health counselors when they work with students who require special education and related services and their families, and how can the practices inform the formal development of a family counseling-special education advocacy intervention? Bartholemew et al.’s …

Summarization Framework For Sharing And Contextual Previews, Thomas Nont Boonsiri, Siddhartha Sivakumar, Salvador Guerrero Ramos, Lan Julia Liang, Elizabeth Martinez

Defensive Publications Series

A system is disclosed that provides a summary of web-based content. Web-based content comprising text-based content is received by a browser. A portion of the text-based content is processed through a large language model to determine a summary of the portion of the text-based content. The portion is determined according to a threshold token limit. The summary is provided for display via a user interface.

Implementations of the present disclosure are generally directed to user device generation of a summary of web-based content (webpages, text, images, media files, etc.) via a generative model, such as a large language model (LLM). …

Volume 19 Complete Issue, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 19 Complete Issue

Volume 20 Complete Issue, Robert M. Ward

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 20 Complete Issue

Suburban Land-Use Policies And. Community Pressure Groups In Southfield, Michigan, Joseph H. Kogelmann

The Geographical Bulletin

Creation and preservation of affluent suburban communities is dependent upon the existence of political expedients, whose primary function is to insure perpetuation of exclusionary socioeconomic barriers. Local land-use policies, as determined by municipal zoning regulations and building codes, have become mechanisms by which the status quo is maintained. The content of local land-use policies is particularly susceptible to political influence of community pressure groups. These groups are often a major force in the community decision-making process as they seek to mold local public policy in accordance with their own conceptions. Suburban elected officials have been extremely responsive to demands of …

Statistical Programming Package For Simplified Data Exploration, Liam Raymon, Jennifer Schon

Celebration of Research

Simple linear regression can be very helpful for exploring a dataset through identifying variable relationships and the percentage of variance in the dependent variable explained by the model. The project showcases a coding package for the statistical programming language R that I have created to provide a streamlined approach to exploring data through linear regression. Packages serve as extensions of coding languages to add features or functions. This package automates simple linear regression and outputs key values for data exploration such as p value, R^2, and independent variable coefficients in an organized and concise manner. In addition to regression, this …

White Collar Crimes, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

This Article deals with those sections of the Maine Criminal Code which criminalize certain nonviolent conduct. Many of the offenses contained in the Chapters on bribery, fraud and falsification are new to Maine law. Here, as elsewhere, the drafters of the Code have attempted to distinguish between conduct that is sufficiently detrimental to community interests to require the criminal sanction and conduct that is regarded as merely undesirable. These sections in particular represent the societal interests in preserving the integrity of documents, official statements and public offices, and in encouraging honesty in business transactions. This Article focuses on the derivation …

Sentencing, Melvyn Zarr

Maine Law Review

Once the legislature has defined the acts it will punish as criminal, it must then establish a sentencing system. There are two principal features of a sentencing system: it grades crimes according to seriousness, and it apportions sentencing discretion among the legislature, the courts, and administrative agencies. The device for apportionment between the legislature and the courts is the mandatory sentence, by which the legislature may fix a period of imprisonment for a crime and forbid judges to grant probation. Apportionment of sentencing discretion between the courts and administrative agencies, on the other hand, is governed by the choice between …

Sex Offenses, Judy R. Potter

Maine Law Review

A central theme of the Maine Criminal Code is to "distinguish behavior that is merely socially undesirable from that which is sufficiently threatening to require the specialized effort of the criminal law to prevent it." Nowhere in the Code is this distinction more apparent than in the area of sex offenses, which encompasses a wide spectrum of degrees of social harm. At one end of this spectrum are acts which clearly involve dangerous behavior, such as non-consensual sexual acts and acts of sexual imposition on minors and incompetents. At the other end of the spectrum are sexual acts done in …

Property Offenses, Peter G. Ballou

Maine Law Review

The Criminal Code has sought to accomplish three goals in the area of property crimes: consolidation, simplicity, and consistency in the treatment of similar offenses. The consolidation of a variety of previously separate crimes into the single crime of theft may be the most drastic change from prior law in the entire Code. Almost all of the ways in which a person may be deprived of his property or services to the gain of another are now included in this single crime. The consolidation under the heading of burglary of a variety of crimes involving entry of buildings in combination …

Gambling, Michael D. Seitzinger

Maine Law Review

Simplification of the laws which define criminal offenses and decriminalization of behavior no longer warranting the enforcement mechanisms of the criminal law were two principal objectives of the Criminal Code Revision Commission. Chapter 39 of the Criminal Code contains the revision of Maine's anti-gambling statutes and illustrates as well as any Code chapter the application of these objectives to the formulation of substantive criminal offenses. The substantive provisions of the prior law failed, for the most part, to define key terms. Without such definitions, the provisions of Title 17 which established the elements of an offense were often prolix and …

Homicide, Peter J. Rubin

Maine Law Review

The homicide provisions of the Maine Criminal Code break down culpable killings into six degrees. Until the line of cases beginning with State v. Wilbur, the law of Maine had always seemed to separate the various unlawful killings into separate crimes rather than degrees of the same crime. Commencing with State v. Rollins and State v. Lafferty, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court announced that there was and always had been only one crime of "felonious homicide." Murder and manslaughter were merely punishment categories or degrees of "felonious homicide." The new homicide provisions are similar to the pre-Code court interpretation in …

Prefatory Note, Robert Checkoway Editor-In-Chief

Maine Law Review

In its recent simplification and clarification of the criminal law, the Maine Criminal Law Revision Commission was also obliged to reconsider the proper breadth of the criminal sanction itself. The results of these parallel efforts are apparent throughout the Criminal Code. Those activities ordinarily considered criminal have been more precisely and comprehensively regulated, while the limits of the law controlling activities less socially damaging have been readjusted in the process of exact delineation. The Articles in this Special Issue offer an explanation and critical evaluation of the Commission's efforts.

Mens Rea And Insanity, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

Two developments in the administration of criminal law call for a closer examination of the relationship between mens rea and insanity. The first is the practice of bifurcating trials into a guilt phase and an insanity phase. The new Maine Criminal Code, for example, allows the defendant to elect such a procedure. The second development is the increasing willingness of courts to admit evidence of the accused's mental disease or defect as probative of whether he possessed the culpable state of mind, or mens rea, which must be proven as one of the elements of the crime charged. When the …

Compelled Expression: Maynard V. Wooley, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

In 1969, the New Hampshire legislature enacted a law requiring that the state motto, "Live Free or Die," be displayed on all license plates for noncommercial vehicles. Many individuals in New Hampshire objected to the motto for various religious or philosophical reasons, and several decided to obliterate the motto by placing tape or painting over it. After numerous prosecutions under the license plate defacement statute, the constitutionality of the law was challenged as it applied to the obliteration of the motto. In 1972, the New Hampshire Supreme Court in State v. Hoskin held that the law did not violate the …

Nineteenth Century Dams And Twentieth Century Problems: Commentary On A Statutory Solution, G. Graham Waite

Maine Law Review

In times past streams were commonly dammed to provide water power for machinery, improve navigation, or serve some other business purpose. The dams today pose serious problems for the public and for riparian owners along the dammed streams, problems stemming from either operation of the dams or failure to maintain them properly. The dams are operated to further the business purposes for which they were built, sometimes resulting in water levels or flows detrimental to game fish in the streams and to shoreline recreational property. When the old dams cease to be economical to operate, as often has happened, the …

The Burden Of Proof And The Insanity Defense After Mullaney V. Wilbur, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

In 1970, the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of In re Winship specified an evidentiary standard of proof for criminal prosecutions as a requirement of the due process clause of the 14th amendment: "Lest there remain any doubt about the constitutional stature of the reasonable doubt-standard, we explicitly hold that the Due Process Clause protects the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged." Five years later, in Mullaney v. Wilbur, the Court extended Winship to invalidate Maine's statutory scheme of …

Trademark Rights In Patented Subject Matter And The Patent Policy Of Public Dedication, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

This Comment examines the allowance of federal trademark registration for devices that may also qualify for patent protection. A conflict between trademark recognition for patentable devices and basic patent policy inheres in the Patent Act and Supreme Court decisional law. The availability of trademark registration for patentable subject matter may needlessly derogate the public right to benefit from the free exploitation of new ideas.

Prentiss Mellen, Maine's First Chief Justice: A Legal Biography, Ellyn C. Ballou

Maine Law Review

It is in the bosoms of his contemporaries of the profession, and of his clients and personal friends, that the memory of the lawyer is embalmed . . . . [Chief Justice Mellen's] life furnishes a striking illustration of the justness of the preceding remarks, since it was that of one almost exclusively conversant with the active practice of the law. Thus wrote Simon Greenleaf shortly after Prentiss Mellen's death. Greenleaf, perhaps due to the modesty of one in a similar position, was only partially correct. True, few today, even in the legal profession, recognize the name of Maine's first …

The Encroachment Of Rule 10b-5 On State Corporation Law, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

In 1967, Santa Fe Industries undertook the acquisition of the Kirby Lumber Co. by the publication of a tender offer. By 1973, Santa Fe through its subsidiary, Santa Fe Natural Resources, had acquired ownership of 95% of Kirby's common stock. In 1974, Resources undertook the elimination of the remaining shareholders in Kirby by short form merger of Resources and Kirby. On July 11, Resources organized a shell corporation, Forest Products, Inc., under Delaware law and transferred to it its entire holdings in Kirby in return for all of Forest Products' stock. On July 30, the board of directors of Forest …

Reassessing "Confiscation" Under Section 305 Of Maine's Public Utility Law, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

On March 11, 1975, the Maine Public Utilities Commission (PUC) denied a petition by the New England Telephone and Telegraph Co. (the company) for an "interim" rate increase. The company had sought to increase its revenues by $6,582,987 per year, pending the outcome of its petition before the PUC of October 1974 for a permanent rate increase of $21 million annually. After the PUC refused the company a rehearing on its denial of the interim rate increase, the company appealed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, alleging that the PUC had acted so as to leave in effect rates which …

Constitutional And Legislative Issues Raised By The Entrapment Defense In Maine, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

In recent years the increase in undercover investigative activity by police agents has generated considerable interest in the defense of entrapment. The entrapment defense to a criminal prosecution has been recognized either judicially or legislatively in most jurisdictions in the United States. The proper formulation of the defense, however, has given rise to conflicting opinions involving various evidentiary and constitutional considerations. In raising the defense of entrapment, a defendant does not deny that he committed the acts constituting the crime, but rather asserts that, on grounds of public policy, he should not be convicted. In Maine, the defense of entrapment …

Disposition Of Life Insurance Proceeds When Owner Beneficiary Murders The Insured: Estate Of Draper V. Commissioner, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

A beneficiary of a life insurance policy who has murdered the insured generally is barred from receiving the proceeds of the policy covering the life of the deceased. This rule reflects the common law maxim that no one shall be permitted to profit from his own wrong. Some courts have also denied the beneficiary recovery on the ground that it is unreasonable to hold that the insurer assumed the risk of the beneficiary's intentional killing of the insured. Other courts rely primarily on the rationale that public policy forbids construing contracts in a manner that encourages or rewards crime. Although …

Federal Tax Immunity And The Legal Incidence Of The Maine Sales Tax: Gamage V. Halperin, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

Established constitutional doctrine grants the federal government immunity from state taxation. Application of this doctrine ordinarily depends upon the "legal incidence" of the state tax. A state tax imposed directly on the United States or on one of its instrumentalities violates the immunity of the federal government. Gamage v. Halperin raised the issue of whether a sale partly subsidized by the federal government is entitled to constitutional immunity from a state sales tax, at least to the extent of the government's share of the tax. Taxation of a federally subsidized sale presents difficult problems of federal tax immunity. The threshold …