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Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Derivatives Of Imides 1,2,4-Triazole Polymers Via Microwave And Study Biological Activities, Bahaa Fadhil Hamzah May 2025

Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Derivatives Of Imides 1,2,4-Triazole Polymers Via Microwave And Study Biological Activities, Bahaa Fadhil Hamzah

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

New derivatives of imides 1,2,4-triazole polymers as pharmaceutical compounds were prepared from the synthesis of amic acid compounds (1A-E) by reacted of benzocaine with different cyclic anhydrides. Then cyclic imide compounds (2A-E), which prepared from converted amic acid compounds by using acetic anhydrate (CH3CO)2O and anhydrous sodium acetate CH3COONa as a water drawer agent. Compounds (2A-E) were react with nucleophilic addition of hydrazine hydrate to ester cyclic imide compound to produce acid hydrazide cyclic imide compounds. Thereafter, cyclization of compounds (4A-E) and (5A-E) were prepared from react of acid hydrazide cyclic imide compounds with …

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The Tax Adviser, Volume 16, Number 5, May 1985, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants May 2025

The Tax Adviser, Volume 16, Number 5, May 1985, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore May 2025

Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Employee Benefits Under The Dra (Part Ii), Thomas G. Tracy, Deborah Walker May 2025

Employee Benefits Under The Dra (Part Ii), Thomas G. Tracy, Deborah Walker

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Analysis Ready Aerospace Wing Assembly Reconstruction Using Parameterization, Brian Shawcroft, Kendrick Shepherd May 2025

Analysis Ready Aerospace Wing Assembly Reconstruction Using Parameterization, Brian Shawcroft, Kendrick Shepherd

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Accurate analysis of structures in the design process are often labor intensive and computationally expensive. Isogeometric analysis (IGA) provides potential to better connect the design through analysis process and converge to accurate results more quickly. Here, methods are proposed to help in the goal of automating the process of converting design geometry to an analysis suitable model for IGA. This is done by using tools previously built in combination with a motorcycle graph algorithm to extract quadrilateral layouts of the intended geometry. This method will be demonstrated by reconstructing and analyzing an airplane structure.

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Regional Dimensions And Consequences Of Africa's Internal Wars: The Case Of Liberia And Sierra Leone, F. Ugboaja Ohaegbulam May 2025

Regional Dimensions And Consequences Of Africa's Internal Wars: The Case Of Liberia And Sierra Leone, F. Ugboaja Ohaegbulam

Journal of African Policy Studies

Demonstrably, internal conflicts within individual African states have tended to set off chain reactions and spillover effects in their specific regions. Indeed, this was the experience of the African continent throughout the last two decades of the twentieth century. As a result every region of Africa became a victim of several of the consequences and effects of those internal conflicts that began in specific states within it. Beyond Africa, the series of internal conflicts played into the hands of Afro-pessimists and Africa's detractors who lost faith in the continent's present and its future. This study succinctly examines the regional dynamics …

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What Model For Language Planning In Education And Development?, Raymond Mopoho May 2025

What Model For Language Planning In Education And Development?, Raymond Mopoho

Journal of African Policy Studies

The implementation of language policies by African countries after independence was very similar to what prevailed in the colonial era in that its centerpiece was the promotion of European languages, to the exclusion of native languages. The official rationale for such policies was political and economic in nature: In a multiethnic context, imposing a foreign language would promote national unity and foster the acquisition of the technical know-how necessary for development. Such a policy was characterized by several weaknesses. In its implementation, for many years, the school system seemed content with being a graduate generating machine, with little attention being …

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Nigeria, Globalization And The Development Of Underdevelopment In The Third World, Kema Lrogbe May 2025

Nigeria, Globalization And The Development Of Underdevelopment In The Third World, Kema Lrogbe

Journal of African Policy Studies

There are two contending opinions on the issue of globalization. There are some observers who believe that globalization has brought rapid prosperity to the underdeveloped countries while others argue that globalization serves the needs of the metropolitan countries at the expense of the peripheral countries. This paper posits that globalization is economic terrorism. Using a dependency theory to analyze the asymmetric relationships between the developed and the underdeveloped countries, the writer applies some economic indicators to highlight the widening gap between the two worlds. In doing so, it is argued that the socio-economic and political structure of the peripheral countries …

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Tax Clinic, Stuart R. Josephs May 2025

Tax Clinic, Stuart R. Josephs

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Assessing The Effectiveness Of A Nurse-Led Family-Focused Program On The Physical Health Domain Of Children With Congenital Heart Defects, Maha Abdul Hussein Mutasher Al-Barki, Wameedh Hamid Shaker Alzubeidi May 2025

Assessing The Effectiveness Of A Nurse-Led Family-Focused Program On The Physical Health Domain Of Children With Congenital Heart Defects, Maha Abdul Hussein Mutasher Al-Barki, Wameedh Hamid Shaker Alzubeidi

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Background: Assessing the effectiveness of a nurse-led family-focused program on the physical health domain of children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) is a critical area of research. CHDs are among the most common congenital anomalies, affecting nearly 1 in 100 live births. physical activity plays an important role in overall health and recovery congenital heart disease. Quality of life educational include specific directions to increase level of physical activity, such as walking daily or exercising regularly. Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led family-focused program in improving the physical health outcomes of children with CHDs. Methods …

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Estate Planning: Significant Recent Developments Concerning Estate Planning (Part I), Byrle M. Abbin, David K. Carlson May 2025

Estate Planning: Significant Recent Developments Concerning Estate Planning (Part I), Byrle M. Abbin, David K. Carlson

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Sudan-Ethiopia Relations And Islamization Policy, Solomon Hailu May 2025

Sudan-Ethiopia Relations And Islamization Policy, Solomon Hailu

Journal of African Policy Studies

The central focus of this paper is on Sudan's islamization policy under Al-Bashire's regime and its regional impact. In the past, some African countries have officially protested against Sudan's Muslim fundamentalism policy while other states have officially broken relations with Sudan and have come close to taking military measures against it. Ethiopia has become one of Sudan's neighbors which had her relations severely stained due to Sudan's cross-border Islamic expansionist agenda. The study will analyze the fact that the quest for Ethiopia's internal opposition have always been characterized as having fully political motives rather than religious ambitions. It would appear …

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Globalization And The Impact Of Multinational Corporations On Developing Economies: A Case Study Of Nigeria's Oil Sector, Dennis A. Ogirri May 2025

Globalization And The Impact Of Multinational Corporations On Developing Economies: A Case Study Of Nigeria's Oil Sector, Dennis A. Ogirri

Journal of African Policy Studies

This study examines the meaning and significance of globalization, especially the role and impact of multinational corporations on developing economies. Specifically, there is more emphasis on the impact of globalization and multinational corporations on Africa in general, and specific focus on Nigeria as a case study because of the large and significant role of foreign multinational corporations, such as Shell, Elf, Agip, Chevron, Mobil, Texaco, Phillips, and Ashland, in the exploration, production, refining, management, and marketing of the country's crude oil reserves. The environmental impact of the multinational oil corporations on Nigeria's oil sector receives special attention.

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National Population Policy And Fertility Decline In Senegal, Keita Ohashi May 2025

National Population Policy And Fertility Decline In Senegal, Keita Ohashi

Journal of African Policy Studies

This study reviews the relationship between population policy and fertility decline in Senegal. In 1988, Senegal officially announced a national population policy, the first such population policy declaration among Francophone sub-Saharan African countries. Shortly thereafter, in the early 1990s, Senegal's total fertility rate did in fact start to decline. The establishment of the national population policy, however, did not directly influence the current fertility decline. Rather, effective population policies in the areas of education, reproductive health, and family planning services together are likely to determine the pace of overall fertility decline in Senegal. In this study, current fertility trends are …

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Fertility Decline In Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1980-2010, Pierre Ngom, Soukeynatou Fall May 2025

Fertility Decline In Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1980-2010, Pierre Ngom, Soukeynatou Fall

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper examines fertility levels (1990-2000) and trends (1980-2000) in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, and suggests likely prospects for further decline during the 2000-2010 period. Data are from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the World Fertility Surveys (WFS), and the World Bank. Fertility levels are still high in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, but vary widely from a total fertility rate (TFR) of 4.6 children per woman in Cameroon (1998) to 7.2 in Niger (1998). Overall, fertility has been declining in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, although the pace has been much slower than the one prevailing in English-speaking countries. Age at marriage, but …

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Fertility Decline And Family Changes In Sub-Saharan Africa, Therese Locoh May 2025

Fertility Decline And Family Changes In Sub-Saharan Africa, Therese Locoh

Journal of African Policy Studies

Sub-Saharan Africa has until recently been considered a continent of steady high fertility levels. However, a consistent effort in new statistical surveys has produced a substantial body of data indicating that the continent is now entering the fertility transition stage at various paths depending on the countries, and that the transition is occurring more rapidly among the urban than rural population in each country. This paper examines the impact of these changes on nuptiality patterns, intergenerational relations, gender relations and empowerment of women. It reveals certain trends in the African family: Traditional family norms are challenged, and new types of …

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Fertility Decline In Sub-Saharan Africa: Introduction, Charles M. Becker May 2025

Fertility Decline In Sub-Saharan Africa: Introduction, Charles M. Becker

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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Treatment Wastewater Of Oil Refinery By Fe2o3 Nps Produce By The Novel Alishewanella Jeotgali Strain Haq8., Hawraa Qays Al-Assdy, Wijdan Hussein Al-Tamimi, Asia Fadhile Almansoory May 2025

Treatment Wastewater Of Oil Refinery By Fe2o3 Nps Produce By The Novel Alishewanella Jeotgali Strain Haq8., Hawraa Qays Al-Assdy, Wijdan Hussein Al-Tamimi, Asia Fadhile Almansoory

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Metal oxide nanoparticles like iron oxide (Fe2O3) exhibit strong reactivity and photolytic features in wastewater treatment and serve as an effective adsorbent for water purification due to its substantial surface area and affinity for different functionalized groups. Iron oxide nanoparticles) IONPs) are currently applied to treat oil-contaminated water. Fe₂O₃NPs were produced using an extracellular approach utilizing the Alishewanella jeotgali strain HAQ8. IONPs were characterized using UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, AFM, SEM-EDX, and Zeta potential. λ max for the synthesized nanoparticles observed at (358) nm. The bands at 485 cm⁻¹ in the FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of …

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The Effect Of Mauritania's "Human Rights Deficit" On The Political Process: A Case Against "To Forgive And Forget", Boubacar N'Diaye May 2025

The Effect Of Mauritania's "Human Rights Deficit" On The Political Process: A Case Against "To Forgive And Forget", Boubacar N'Diaye

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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The Policy Dilemmas Of Pesticides Management And Disposal In Tanzania, Paul J. Kaiser, John C. Morris May 2025

The Policy Dilemmas Of Pesticides Management And Disposal In Tanzania, Paul J. Kaiser, John C. Morris

Journal of African Policy Studies

The purpose of this paper is to systematically evaluate and analyze pesticides management and disposal in Tanzania employing a theoretical approach that emanates from current research on public policy implementation. This case demonstrates that the national and international context of public policy-making and inter-governmental agency cooperation and coordination are essential to understanding the current environmental situation in the country. Given the paucity of published, African case studies used in the theory-building process, this study also attempts to contribute to strengthening the empirical legitimacy and theoretical soundness of the comparative method of social scientific inquiry by including African realities in scholarly …

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Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore May 2025

Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Tax Clinic, Norman R. Milefsky May 2025

Tax Clinic, Norman R. Milefsky

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Zimbabwe's Land Reform And Environmental Dilemma, Smile Dube May 2025

Zimbabwe's Land Reform And Environmental Dilemma, Smile Dube

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper examines the evolution of thinking in the World Bank on development land reform in Zimbabwe. It argues that the evolving and broader definitions of land reform in Zimbabwe must consider the conditions necessary for the attainment of economic development that encompasses sustainable development, poverty alleviation, capacity building, gender equality, good governance and now conflict prevention and resolution. The paper explores an economic model of political power derived from Mancur Olson's work relating power and prosperity in both transition and developing economies. The model is applied to Zimbabwe after independence, under one ruler and one party — Robert Mugabe …

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Environmental Policy In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo, Francois N. Muyumba May 2025

Environmental Policy In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo, Francois N. Muyumba

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper explores the dynamics of environmental policy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It argues that the constituents of the policy and policy analysis itself must be judiciously and critically comprehensive in their overall scope, so as to encompass the fullness of the problem at hand. It stress that it is imperative for the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo to tighten up slackness extended to international companies operating and polluting the nation. This slackness in environmental policy enforcement is the reason why foreign companies do not observe or respect the nations' policies and laws. This paper is …

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Beyond The ‘Berlin Conference/Oau Framework’: A Pan-African Analysis Of Africa’S Security Crisis, Boubacar N'Diaye May 2025

Beyond The ‘Berlin Conference/Oau Framework’: A Pan-African Analysis Of Africa’S Security Crisis, Boubacar N'Diaye

Journal of African Policy Studies

The analysis of the security, civil-military relations, and governance crises in Africa generally takes for granted the post-colonial arrangement and uses the nation-state as the unit of analysis. Invariably, the prescriptions never go beyond the confines of what could be dubbed the "Berlin Confcrence/OAU framework." The daunting security challenges Africa faces as the 21st century gets under way necessitate bold, "off the beaten path" analysis and solution that move beyond this framework and the restrictions of the antiquated principles and notions on which it is predicated: the sacrosanct national sovereignty and the "national" army as its symbol. In light of …

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State Integrity And Democratic Governance: The Security Implications Of Liberalization Policies In Africa, Earl Conteh-Morgan May 2025

State Integrity And Democratic Governance: The Security Implications Of Liberalization Policies In Africa, Earl Conteh-Morgan

Journal of African Policy Studies

This article examines the levels of security/insecurity-related issues in Africa within the context of political and economic liberalization policies. It is argued that the interactive effects of internal and external systemic developments that characterize globalization processes have had serious "security" implications for governance in Africa. The indicators of insecurity and immiseration imply that Africa needs to reevaluate its approach to development in relation to the combined effects of national and international imperatives.

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The Tortured Road Towards Peace In The Western Sahara, Festus Ohaegbulam May 2025

The Tortured Road Towards Peace In The Western Sahara, Festus Ohaegbulam

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper attempts to provide a succinct background to the origins of the conflict in Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony, between the Kingdom of Morocco and nationalists of the territory. It identifies the broad regional and international ramifications of the continuing conflict, which began in 1975, and describes efforts made by the Organization of African Unity [OAU] and the United Nations to resolve the conflict. It focuses most of its analysis on the major obstacles to the conflict's resolution, particularly the policy of the United States. The analysis shows that the greatest obstacle to the resolution of the conflict …

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African Security In The Information Age, Uri J. Fisher, M. Shane Smith May 2025

African Security In The Information Age, Uri J. Fisher, M. Shane Smith

Journal of African Policy Studies

This article examines Africa's place in the information revolution and the security implications that flow from this relationship. All states in Africa now have Internet access, although the continent is still characterized by a lack of infrastructure, resources, and technology. We examine the many initiatives underway in Africa aimed at enhancing information and communication technologies. The African Network Initiative, the African Information Society Initiative, and UNESCO's Regional Information Network for Africa are only a few of the many that are trying to increase the continent's connectivity. Increased African security in economic and military matters will be dependent on the continent's …

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Warlords, Resources And War In Africa: Who Arms, Who Pays And Who Trains?, Rasheed Draman May 2025

Warlords, Resources And War In Africa: Who Arms, Who Pays And Who Trains?, Rasheed Draman

Journal of African Policy Studies

Since the end of the Cold War, the nature of conflict has changed. A disturbing trend that has emerged with that change is warlords/rebel movements, resources, and greed. Today most conflicts are not driven by "loud discourse of grievance" but by the "silent voice of greed." While it is evident that most warlords rely on the resources they capture, they also rely on external governments to finance their war effort. This policy-oriented paper adds to the ongoing policy and academic debate by focusing mainly on the sources of arms, financial resources, and logistics for rebel movements, particularly in Africa. The …

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Introduction To This Special Issue Of Joaps: Dynamics Of Conflict, Peace, And Security In Africa, Earl Conteh-Morgan May 2025

Introduction To This Special Issue Of Joaps: Dynamics Of Conflict, Peace, And Security In Africa, Earl Conteh-Morgan

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

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