Digital Commons Network^™

Sexual And Reproductive Health Knowledge, Contraception Uptake, And Factors Associated With Unmet Need For Modern Contraception Among Adolescent Female Sex Workers In China, Megan S. C. Lim, Xu-Dong Zhang, Elissa Kennedy, Yan Li, Yin Yang, Lin Li, Yun-Xia Li, Marleen Temmerman, Stanley Luchters

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objective: In China, policy and social taboo prevent unmarried adolescents from accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Research is needed to determine the SRH needs of highly disadvantaged groups, such as adolescent female sex workers (FSWs). This study describes SRH knowledge, contraception use, pregnancy, and factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception among adolescent FSWs in Kunming, China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using a one-stage cluster sampling method was employed to recruit adolescents aged 15 to 20 years, and who self-reported having received money or gifts in exchange for sex in the past 6 months. A semi-structured questionnaire …

Inadequate Source Control And Inappropriate Antibiotics Are Key Determinants Of Mortality In Patients With Intra-Abdominal Sepsis And Associated Bacteremia, Bethany Tellor, Lee P. Skrupky, William Symons, Eric High, Scott T. Micek, John E. Mazuski

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Non-Dairy Probiotic Products, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Gaurav Rajauria

Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings

The term probiotic was technically defined as “live microorganisms which upon ingestion in certain numbers exert health benefits beyond inherent nutrition” (FAO/ WHO 2001). This definition requires that the microorganisms must be alive and present in high numbers, generally more than 109 cells per daily ingested dose. Probiotic food products are considered as functional foods which are defined to contain health-promoting components beyond traditional nutrients and the addition of probiotic cultures is one approach in which foods could be modified to become functional.

Addressing Racial Disparities In Preschool Suspension And Expulsion Rates, Amy B. Cyphert

Tennessee Law Review

In 2014, the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights published data for the first time that tracked preschool suspension and expulsion rates. The data was startling: not only were preschoolers being suspended and expelled, something that surprised many readers on its own, they were being suspended and expelled in racially disproportionate numbers, with African-American boys bearing the brunt of the discipline. Politicians, researchers and advocates quickly spoke out, noting that these numbers confirmed that the school to prison pipeline really starts in preschool, and calling for reform.

In this Article, I explore some of the policies and practices that …

Time Zones, Game Start Times, And Team Performance: Evidence From The Nba, Andrew Nutting, Joseph Price

Economics Faculty Research and Scholarship

Research has found that, controlling for team quality, NBA visiting teams win more often when playing to the east of their home time zones and less often when playing to the west. We reaffirm this finding for 1991-2002. Results show that only these seasons’ day games, and not their far more frequent night games, featured a significant relationship between time zone and visiting team win probability. We hypothesize that some of these day-game effects were biological in origin. The 2002-2013 seasons featured no significant relationship between time zones and visiting team win probability for either day or night games.

Southeast Asia’S Democratic Developmental States And Economic Growth, Michael T. Rock

Economics Faculty Research and Scholarship

How has democracy impacted growth in Southeast Asia? This question can be answered by demonstrating how political elites in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand crafted quite unique democratic developmental states that enabled them to provide the public goods and public policies to maintain high growth. Because of this, growth under democracy has been as high as it was during the heyday of these polities’ developmental autocracies. Moreover, as there was no single dominant pathway to the construction of democratic development in these polities, it looks like political elites were able to take local conditions and history into account suggesting that political …

Moving Beyond Causes: Optimality Models And Scientific Explanation, Collin Rice

Philosophy Faculty Research and Scholarship

A prominent approach to scientific explanation and modeling claims that for a model to provide an explanation it must accurately represent at least some of the actual causes in the event's causal history. In this paper, I argue that many optimality explanations present a serious challenge to this causal approach. I contend that many optimality models provide highly idealized equilibrium explanations that do not accurately represent the causes of their target system(s). Furthermore, in many contexts, it is in virtue of their independence of causes that optimality models are able to provide a better explanation than competing causal models. Consequently, …

Autonomous Statistical Explanations And Natural Selection, André Ariew, Collin Rice, Yasha Rohwer

Philosophy Faculty Research and Scholarship

Shapiro and Sober ([2007]) claim that Walsh, Ariew, Lewens, and Matthen (henceforth WALM) give a mistaken, a priori defense of natural selection and drift as epiphenomenal. Contrary to Shapiro and Sober’s claims, we first argue that WALM’s explanatory doctrine does not require a defense of epiphenomenalism. We then defend WALM’s explanatory doctrine by arguing that the explanations provided by the modern genetical theory of natural selection are ‘autonomous-statistical explanations’ analogous to Galton’s explanation of reversion to mediocrity and an explanation of the diffusion ofgases. We then argue that whereas Sober’s theory of forces is an adequate description of Darwin’s theory, …

History Of Women's Education Open Access Portal Project, Eric Pumroy, Rachel Appel, Evan Mcgonagill, Monica Mercado

Library Staff Research and Scholarship

White Paper prepared for the National Endowment for the Humanities Division of Preservation and Access, Humanities Collections and Reference Resources as part of a grant for the "History of Women's Education Open Access Portal Project."

Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Observation And Experiment, M. R. Brown, David A. Schaffner, P. J. Weck

Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship

We provide a tutorial on the paradigms and tools of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The principal paradigm is that of a turbulent cascade from large scales to small, resulting in power law behavior for the frequency power spectrum for magnetic fluctuations EB(f) . We will describe five useful statistical tools for MHD turbulence in the time domain: the temporal autocorrelation function, the frequency power spectrum, the probability distribution function of temporal increments, the temporal structure function, and the permutation entropy. Each of these tools will be illustrated with an example taken from MHD fluctuations in the solar wind. A single dataset …

Rolling Between Burial And Shrine: A Tale Of Two Chariot Processions At Chulan Tomb 2 In Eastern Han China (171 C.E.), Jie Shi

History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship

Chulan Tomb 2 (dated to 171 c.e.) in present-day Suxian, Anhui province, offers the rare opportunity to study the hitherto unknown relationship between multiple depictions of chariot processions—one of the most popular pictorial motifs in Eastern Han funerary art—at different locations in a single cemetery. Comparing this tomb’s two chariot processions in stylistic, iconographic, and positional terms, this paper draws attention to a special dragon motif that ornaments a few special chariots and argues that these “dragon chariots,” unique among stone carvings of the Eastern Han, were meant to carry the deceased couple, who were buried separately but received joint …

The Hidden Level In Space And Time: The Vertical Shaft In The Royal Tombs Of The Zhongshan Kingdom In Late Eastern Zhou (475–221 Bce) China, Jie Shi

History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship

Among the best preserved royal tombs in early China, the tombs of the Zhongshan state (dated to the late fourth to early third centuries bce) in present-day Pingshan county each featured a concealed earthen shaft in the middle of the tomb. Constructed with rammed earth, this gigantic

structure was located above the underground burial chamber, where the deceased’s casket and body were located, and below the freestanding offering hall that housed the deceased’s soul. Although this empty shaft would eventually be buried and become invisible, it was carefully embellished and sometimes even decorated with false architectural elements. What role did …

The Overseeing Mother: Revisiting The Frontal-Pose Lady In The Wu Family Shrines In Second Century China, Jie Shi

History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship

Located in present-day Jiaxiang in Shandong province, the Wu family shrines built during the second century in the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220) were among the best-known works in Chinese art history. Although for centuries scholars have exhaustively studied the pictorial programs, the frontal-pose female image situated on the second floor of the central pavilion carved at the rear wall of the shrines has remained a question. Beginning with the woman’s eyes, this article demonstrates that the image is more than a generic portrait (“hard motif ”), but rather represents “feminine overseeing from above” (“soft motif ”). This synthetic motif combines …

Germany's Green Energy Revolution: Challenging The Theory And Practice Of Institutional Change, Carol Hager

Political Science Faculty Research and Scholarship

The energy revolution poses a fundamental challenge to the German corporatist institutional model. The push for renewables in Germany arose almost entirely outside the prevailing channels of institutional power. Eventually, federal legislation helped support the boom in local energy production that was already underway, and it encouraged the further development of new forms of community investment and citizen participation in energy supply. Recently, the federal government has tried to put the genie back in the bottle by shifting support to large energy producers. But, as this article shows, the energy transition has provided a base for local power that cannot …

Clinical Encounters With Immigrants: What Matters For U.S. Psychiatrists., Carolina Hausmann-Stabile, Peter J. Guarnaccia

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

About 3.2 percent of the population across the globe are migrants. Today, unprecedented numbers of people are relocating in the U.S. and more than ever, psychiatrists find themselves caring for immigrant patients. International migration is a multilayered issue that often has implications for the mental health of migrants. Thus, there is an increasing interest in understanding how the different factors associated with migration processes affect the mental health outcomes of immigrants. We group these factors into three categories: immigrant process, clinical encounter, and mental health services. When possible, we incorporate a gendered and life span perspective and suggest avenues for …

An Exploratory Study Of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury And Suicidal Behaviors In Adolescent Latinas, Lauren E. Gulbas, Carolina Hausmann-Stabile, Susan M. De Luca, Tee R. Tyler, Luis H. Zayas

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

To date, there is little research to validate empirically differences between nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) and attempted suicide among Latina adolescents. Understanding the characteristics and contextual features of self-harmful behaviors among Latina teens is a critical public health and social justice matter given the disproportionate rates of attempted suicide and anticipated population growth of this vulnerable group. In this article, we draw on an ecodevelopmental model to focus attention on factors in the sociocultural environment that shape suicidal behaviors and NSSIs. Through analysis of qualitative interviews conducted with girls who used NSSI (n ! 18), attempted suicide (n ! 29), …

Transnational Forms, Jennifer Harford Vargas

Literatures in English Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Cherokee Freedmen And The Color Of Belonging, Lolita Buckner Inniss

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

This Article addresses the Cherokee Nation and its historic conflict with the descendants of its former black slaves, designated Cherokee Freedmen. This Article specifically addresses how historic discussions of black, red, and white skin colors, designating the African-ancestored, aboriginal (Native American), and European-ancestored people of the United States have helped to shape the contours of color-based national belonging among the Cherokee. The Cherokee past practice of black slavery and the past and continuing use of skin color-coded belonging not only undermines the coherence of Cherokee sovereignty, identity, and belonging but also problematizes the notion of an explicitly aboriginal way of …

Choosing A Court To Review The Executive, Joseph Mead, Nicholas Fromherz

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

For more than one hundred years, Congress has experimented with review of agency action by single-judge district courts, multiple-judge district courts, and direct review by circuit courts. This tinkering has not given way to a stable design. Rather than settling on a uniform scheme—or at least a scheme with a discernible organizing principle— Congress has left litigants with a jurisdictional maze that varies unpredictably across and within statutes and agencies.

In this Article, we offer a fresh look at the theoretical and empirical factors that ought to inform the allocation of the judicial power between district and circuit courts in …

King, Chevron, And The Age Of Textualism, Abigail R. Moncrieff

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

In the King v. Burwell oral arguments, Chief Justice John Roberts—usually one of the more active members of the Court—asked only one substantive question, addressed to the Solicitor General: "If you're right about Chevron [deference applying to this case], that would indicate that a subsequent administration could change [your] interpretation?" As it turns out, that question was crucial to Roberts's thinking and to the 6-3 opinion he authored, but almost all commentators either undervalued or misunderstood the question's import (myself included). The result of Roberts's actual thinking was an unfortunate outcome for Chevron—and potentially for the rule of law—despite …

Ecological Perspectives And Children’S Use Of The Internet: Exploring Micro To Macro Level Analysis, Brian O'Neill

Articles

Age-old debates on children’s encounters with media technologies reveal a long, fractured and contentious tradition within communication and media studies. Despite the fact there have been studies of e ects of media use by children since the earliest days of broadcasting, the subject remains under-theorised, poorly represented in the literature and not widely understood in media policy debates. Old debates have intensi ed in relation to the study of children and the internet. Pitted between alarmist accounts of risks, excessive use and harmful e ects on the one hand and the many accounts about „digital natives” and the transformational power …

A Critical Realist Approach To Engineering Ethics, Eddie Conlon

Conference papers

This paper is focused on the teaching of engineering ethics (EE). Through a focus on safety and the lens of what sociologists call the agency/ structure relationship it examimes various approaches to this teaching. Drawing on Critical Realism it argues there are deficiencies in both the dominant approach and a number of proposed alternatives as they suffer from various forms of conflationism . By drawing on Critical Realism (CR) a more robust agenda for teaching engineering ethics can be developed. It is argued that CR offers a basis for understanding the range of factors which lead to accidents and disasters. …

Who Wins Residential Property Tax Appeals?, Randall K. Johnson

Faculty Works

This article explains who wins residential property tax appeals in Cook County, Illinois. It does so by collecting and combining public sector data, which has been recently released by the Cook County Assessor. The article then uses this data to compute three statistics. Lastly, it contextualizes each statistic in order to determine if some townships, or groups of townships, win more appeals than expected.

Medical Malpractice Claims In Mississippi: A Preliminary Analysis, Randall K. Johnson

Faculty Works

This essay explains where medical malpractice claims are filed in Mississippi. It initially does so by collecting state circuit court data, which have been recently released by the Administrative Office of Courts. The essay, then, computes summary statistics. Lastly, it examines these statistics: in order to find out which county had the most medical malpractice claims.

The Dyslexic Issue: Resources For Parents, Teachers, And Related Professionals, Shawn D. Murphy

All Graduate Projects

This handbook and website project gives a thorough explanation of dyslexia, the history of dyslexia, and the latest resources available for parents, teachers, and related professionals who support students with dyslexia. The handbook and webpage will provide parents, teachers, and related professionals information which they may access in order to support students with dyslexia throughout their academic career. These resources will offer much-needed support for parents, teachers, and related professionals in learning how to properly identify the characteristics which are most often associated with dyslexia. Furthermore, they will provide an important myriad of resources for intervention for students with dyslexia …

Amnesty International Report On Police Use Of Force, Wesley M. Oliver

Law Faculty Publications

Amnesty International last week harshly criticized the US for not providing standards strictly limiting the use of lethal force by police to those occasions when no other options are available and such force is essential to save lives.

Constrained Choice: Mothers, The State, And Domestic Violence, Rona Kaufman

Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Due Process, Class Action Opt Outs, And The Right Not To Sue, Ryan Williams

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

New Attack On Reproductive Justice: Tennessee’S Criminalization Of Pregnancy Conduct, Samir Nadkarni

Student Works

No abstract provided.

Trinity And Its Shortcomings: Problems With Disallowing Prps That Enter Into State Consent Decrees From Bringing To Cost- Recover Actions Under Cercla, Michael Trentin

Student Works

No abstract provided.