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Human Rights Concern In International Investment Law: A Study Of Indian International Investment Agreements, Varun Chhachhar, Monika Negi, Prashant Singh, Niharika Kumar Apr 2025

Human Rights Concern In International Investment Law: A Study Of Indian International Investment Agreements, Varun Chhachhar, Monika Negi, Prashant Singh, Niharika Kumar

Indonesian Journal of International Law

The interaction of human rights and investment protection obligations in international investment law is on the rise. Human rights have been cited in claims and defenses of the parties and in the reasoning of the tribunals. Since majority of international investment agreements lack clarity and do not express the use of the term ‘human rights’, experts question the legitimacy of such usage. Given the alleged backlash and ongoing reforms in international investment law, the lack of human rights concern in international investment law needs proper investigation. This paper investigates the issue in the Indian context. After the adoption of its …


Bebas-Aktif: On The Law Of Neutrality Applicable To Indonesia, Arie Afriansyah, Hitoshi Nasu Apr 2025

Bebas-Aktif: On The Law Of Neutrality Applicable To Indonesia, Arie Afriansyah, Hitoshi Nasu

Indonesian Journal of International Law

Tensions have heightened in the Indo-Pacific, with the People’s Republic of China engaging in aggressive behaviors in the South China Sea, confronting India in border disputes, and poising itself for a forcible unification of Taiwan in the midst of a great power competition with the United States. While the situation remains precarious, it is imperative for Indonesia to consider how it might position itself if a large-scale armed conflict erupted in the region. Indonesia could plausibly maintain a neutral status without taking part in hostilities, pursuant to its long-standing “free-active” foreign policy. In such a case, the law of neutrality …


Analyzing The Role Of Socio-Political And Cultural Factors In The Implementation Of Transitional Justice In Afghanistan From 2001-2021, Narwan Alawi, Tufail Ahmad Peerzada Apr 2025

Analyzing The Role Of Socio-Political And Cultural Factors In The Implementation Of Transitional Justice In Afghanistan From 2001-2021, Narwan Alawi, Tufail Ahmad Peerzada

Indonesian Journal of International Law

After the end of conflicts, countries generally try to prosecute the criminals who committed war crimes and violations of human rights during conflicts and civil wars to prevent the recurrence of such incidents. In some cases, special courts have been established to trial the perpetrators of these crimes. In post-2001 Afghanistan, as foreign forces led by the USA removed the Taliban from power and with the establishment of the Republic of Afghanistan, a new phase of transitional justice was anticipated. Although the Afghans initially hoped that justice would not be ignored, however, preference was given to establish peace, and the …


In-Depth Analysis On Strengthening Sanctions For Fisheries Violations In Indonesia: Challenges, Obstacles, And Reform, Maya Shafira, Muhammad Akib, Fx Sumarja, Ahmad Irzal Fardiansyah Apr 2025

In-Depth Analysis On Strengthening Sanctions For Fisheries Violations In Indonesia: Challenges, Obstacles, And Reform, Maya Shafira, Muhammad Akib, Fx Sumarja, Ahmad Irzal Fardiansyah

Indonesian Journal of International Law

Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing remains a significant challenge for Indonesia, posing threats to its marine resources, economic stability, and national sovereignty. This study examines the enforcement of sanctions against fisheries violations in Indonesia from an international legal perspective. It explores how Indonesia aligns its regulatory framework with global legal instruments, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA), and regional agreements within ASEAN. The research identifies key challenges, including legal inconsistencies, enforcement limitations, and jurisdictional complexities, which hinder the effective prosecution of fisheries crimes. It also analyzes …


The Tax Adviser, Volume 16, Number 3, March 1985, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants Apr 2025

The Tax Adviser, Volume 16, Number 3, March 1985, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore Apr 2025

Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Tax Implications To Exempt Organizations Of Six Income-Producing Activities, James L. Wittenbach, Lawrence G. Gallagher Apr 2025

Tax Implications To Exempt Organizations Of Six Income-Producing Activities, James L. Wittenbach, Lawrence G. Gallagher

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Compensated Versus Covered Casualty Loss Issue— Has It Finally Been Resolved?, Cherie J. O'Neil, Mary K. Thompson Apr 2025

Compensated Versus Covered Casualty Loss Issue— Has It Finally Been Resolved?, Cherie J. O'Neil, Mary K. Thompson

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Reconsidering Voluntary Employees’ Beneficiary Associations Under The Dra, Thomas M. Porcano Apr 2025

Reconsidering Voluntary Employees’ Beneficiary Associations Under The Dra, Thomas M. Porcano

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Document, Constitution Of The Family Welfare Agency Of Memphis, Tn, 1931 Apr 2025

Document, Constitution Of The Family Welfare Agency Of Memphis, Tn, 1931

Documents

Document, the Constitution of the Family Welfare Agency of Memphis, TN, 1931 April 21.


A Crucial Western Foothold: Uyghur-Americans In The Fairfax-D.C. Metro Area, Jake C. Mccauley Apr 2025

A Crucial Western Foothold: Uyghur-Americans In The Fairfax-D.C. Metro Area, Jake C. Mccauley

Young Historians Conference

Since the 1980s, the Uyghur people of East Turkestan, now known as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, have migrated from their ancestral homeland in China in search of a better life. As an ethnically, linguistically, and religiously distinct group, the Uyghurs face severe oppression, with the Chinese state targeting them economically, socially, and physically. Since 2017, mass internment efforts have escalated, leading to the establishment of labor camps that claim to transition Uyghur labor from agricultural to industrial sectors but also serve as sites of ideological indoctrination, torture, and death. As a result of these human rights violations and other …


High Ability, Hidden Gaps: Building Quantitative Reasoning Amongst Singapore’S Mathematically Literate, Rebecca M. Nichols Apr 2025

High Ability, Hidden Gaps: Building Quantitative Reasoning Amongst Singapore’S Mathematically Literate, Rebecca M. Nichols

Numeracy

In Singapore, where primary and secondary students routinely top standardized worldwide mathematics examinations, a paradox emerges: when reaching university, many struggle to apply their skills critically in real-world contexts. This commentary examines the challenges and strategies involved in teaching quantitative reasoning (QR) to mathematically literate students in a top-ranking Singaporean university. While these students arrive well-trained in computation and procedural problem-solving, they often lack confidence and flexibility in ambiguous, data-driven decision-making. This article argues that fostering QR education is crucial not only for Singapore but for education globally, as QR skills underpin evidence-based reasoning within and across disciplines. Such an …


“Through Science To Justice” Magnus Hirschfeld’S Role In Queer Liberation, Katarina L. Stoll Apr 2025

“Through Science To Justice” Magnus Hirschfeld’S Role In Queer Liberation, Katarina L. Stoll

Young Historians Conference

Magnus Hirschfeld was a scientist who researched sexuality and gender, as well as an activist for “sexual minorities.” He challenged previously held beliefs that homosexuality should be treated as an illness and is credited with being the first to view gender identity as separate from sexuality. Additionally, Hirschfeld argued that queer people simply act in accordance with their nature. Through the creation of various institutions, he worked to uplift the queer community through publishing his research, undertaking advocacy work, and creating safe spaces. Though not immune to the prejudices of his time, Hirschfeld was able to help improve the lives …


The Roots Of Ethno-Political Strife In Ceylon: The Dividing Power Of British Colonialism, Audrey Francioch Apr 2025

The Roots Of Ethno-Political Strife In Ceylon: The Dividing Power Of British Colonialism, Audrey Francioch

Young Historians Conference

A bloody civil war has rocked Sri Lanka for decades, as the Sinhalese and Tamil populations fight each other for recognition, access, and control. Since the 1950s, each group has feared domination by the other, resulting in bitter battles on the ballots and in the streets to assert or retain power and subjugate the culture of the other. Each conflict perpetuates the vicious circle of retaliation and retribution through the generations, and the roots of this divide can be directly traced to the colonial occupation of the island in the 1800s. What began with the Dutch and became refined by …


Oregon’S Compulsory Education Act: Americanism, Nativism, And Assimilation, Andrea M. Bell Apr 2025

Oregon’S Compulsory Education Act: Americanism, Nativism, And Assimilation, Andrea M. Bell

Young Historians Conference

In 1922, Oregonians voted on and passed the Compulsory Education Act. Often referred to as the Oregon School Bill, this ballot initiative mandated public school education for children aged 8 to 16, creating a de-facto ban on private education in the state. While many states considered passing compulsory public education bills, and several managed to get the issue on the ballot, including Michigan in 1920 and Washington in 1924, only one state actually managed to pass such a bill through the electorate—Oregon. This paper explores how the School Bill and similar ballot initiatives reflected the nativist and anti-immigrant sentiments prevalent …


Deconstructing The Cradle Of Literature: An Application Of Pierre Bourdieu’S “Field” Theory To The Studies Of Literary Subjectivity And Local Creative Writing, Gabriel F. Y. Tsang Apr 2025

Deconstructing The Cradle Of Literature: An Application Of Pierre Bourdieu’S “Field” Theory To The Studies Of Literary Subjectivity And Local Creative Writing, Gabriel F. Y. Tsang

Journal of Creative Writing Studies

Different from Northrop Frye, who intends to terminate literary discussions by stressing archetypical analysis, Pierre Bourdieu attracts many interdisciplinary attempts upon his scientific methodology. Although he rarely centralizes the internal value of literature, as he did in an exceptional commentary on Guillaume’s poetry by adopting conventional judgments (descriptive, rhetoric, narrative, and stylistic), his sociological delineation of the objective and habitual mechanism of the literary field and the possibility of change oriented by personal dispositions strikingly reveals a new integrative way to understand the dynamic process of literary formation. Adding Merleau-Ponty phenomenology of perception and perspective of communicative externalization to Bourdieu’s …


The Tax Adviser, Volume 16, Number 2, February 1985, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants Apr 2025

The Tax Adviser, Volume 16, Number 2, February 1985, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore Apr 2025

Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Tax Clinic, Thomas Ochsenschlager Apr 2025

Tax Clinic, Thomas Ochsenschlager

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Applicability Of Payroll Taxes To Employee Benefit Plans, Dennis R. Lasila Apr 2025

Applicability Of Payroll Taxes To Employee Benefit Plans, Dennis R. Lasila

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Estate Planning, Bernard Barnett Apr 2025

Estate Planning, Bernard Barnett

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Interest-Free Demand Loans To Trusts After Dickman And The Dra, Karl M. Johnson Apr 2025

Interest-Free Demand Loans To Trusts After Dickman And The Dra, Karl M. Johnson

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


From Prison Cells To Parliament: How The H-Block Hunger Strikes Transformed Sinn Féin To Enable Peace In Northern Ireland, Madeleine E. Wallenberg Apr 2025

From Prison Cells To Parliament: How The H-Block Hunger Strikes Transformed Sinn Féin To Enable Peace In Northern Ireland, Madeleine E. Wallenberg

Young Historians Conference

The 1988 Good Friday Agreement signed in Belfast is regarded as a landmark feat of diplomacy. Allowing for a non-violent redistribution of power, the Good Friday Agreement marked the end of a nearly thirty-year period of violence known as The Troubles. The efficacy of this agreement relied on the participation of members of the I.R.A. and Sinn Féin, something that likely would not have happened if not for a 1981 Hunger Strike that changed the public’s perception of the Irish Republican movement and launched the platform for Sinn Féin as a legitimate political organization. This paper explores the development of …


Form Follows Function: An Analysis Of De Architectura And Its Influence, Weston Klein Apr 2025

Form Follows Function: An Analysis Of De Architectura And Its Influence, Weston Klein

Young Historians Conference

Over 2000 years ago, the Roman architect and engineer, Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, scribed De Architectura, a multi-volume work unearthed in the 15th century, in St. Gallen, Switzerland. As the only surviving architectural source from antiquity, the book has been indispensable in the study of Greco-Roman architecture, positioning Vitruvian and Greco-Roman architectural concepts in many ways as one in the same. Additionally, Vitruvian ideas, as expressed in De Architectura, regarding architectural form, materials, location, and process have been foundational to the evolution of Western architecture. This paper explores De Architectura’s impact on Western architectural theory and practice spanning the Early Middle …


“His Better Half”: Hindley And Heathcliff As Social Foils In Emily Brontë’S Wuthering Heights, Bethany Rozario Steinhagen Apr 2025

“His Better Half”: Hindley And Heathcliff As Social Foils In Emily Brontë’S Wuthering Heights, Bethany Rozario Steinhagen

The Compass

Critical analyses of Emily Bronte’s Victorian classic Wuthering Heights often portray Hindley Earnshaw, Catherine’s older brother, as a mere analog to the Brontes’ own older brother Branwell. This paper claims that Hindley’s character is not only far more developed than commonly assumed, but that he is also integral to the development of Heathcliff becoming Heathcliff himself. Both men’s journeys can further be seen as parallel methods of navigating rigid Victorian social expectations. This analysis explores the foil relationship between these two men, who can both be described as each other’s ‘better half,’ shining a new light not only on the …


Archival Presence Of The Queer Experience: An Analysis Of Power In Information Management, Emmett Myers Apr 2025

Archival Presence Of The Queer Experience: An Analysis Of Power In Information Management, Emmett Myers

The Compass

“Who controls the past, controls the future; controls the present, controls the past.”1 Archives, places in which historical records are kept, play a role in controlling the past, future, and present of society. Exploring archives and their relationship with power and authority allows us to understand their impact on documenting intersectional identities, especially those of the LGBTQ+ community. In this paper, I will examine the presence of the LGBTQ+ community within archival spaces, analyze literature regarding the three main principles of archival theory, and offer a new model for a more inclusive and queer framework for archival theory. My research …


35th Annual Young Historians Conference Program, Portland State University History Department, Portland State University Challenge Program Apr 2025

35th Annual Young Historians Conference Program, Portland State University History Department, Portland State University Challenge Program

Young Historians Conference

This is the 2025 Young Historians Conference schedule and abstracts.


Author Index 12 Months Ended December 1984; Subject Index 12 Months Ended December 1984, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants Apr 2025

Author Index 12 Months Ended December 1984; Subject Index 12 Months Ended December 1984, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore Apr 2025

Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.


Thumbtax, Sandra K. Lewis Apr 2025

Thumbtax, Sandra K. Lewis

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.