Digital Commons Network^™

The Role Of Advisory Opinions In International Law In The Context Of The Climate Crisis, Maria Antonia Tigre, Armando Rocha

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

Between December 2022 and March 2023, three requests for an advisory opinion were submitted to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), and the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Furthermore, a request for an advisory opinion from the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCtHPR) is being prepared. As such, 2024–2025 marks an unprecedented moment in global climate litigation: as of November 2024, we are on the verge of having four of the world’s most important international and regional courts and tribunals answering crucial legal questions on the (ex …

Technology And The Unique Challenges Of Applying Law To The Realm Of Outer Space And Space Activities, F.G. Von Der Dunk

Chicago Journal of International Law

For better or worse, technology at heart is—except to the extent that artificial intelligence fundamentally becomes involved—not so much a creator as a facilitator and enhancer of human acts, actions and activities, allowing them to become more effective, less costly, or sometimes even just merely feasible. Perhaps nowhere that is more pertinent then when it comes to human activities in outer space, which are still overwhelmingly conducted remotely and hence crucially dependent on technology. Given that “the law” has always been geared to address humans and their acts, actions, and activities, this gives rise to a rather special approach to …

Digital Investigations Of Systematic And Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Practice And Possibilities, Alexa Koenig

Chicago Journal of International Law

This article discusses a new guide that has been developed to support the responsible use of digital open-source information to investigate systematic and conflict-related sexual violence (SCRSV). Drafted by the Institute for International Criminal Investigations and the Human Rights Center at UC Berkeley School of Law, the just-published pilot version of the Open- Source Practitioner’s Guide to the Murad Code aims to minimize the risks and maximize the potential for digital investigations into SCRSV. Part I of this article opens with a brief history of accountability for SCRSV, touching on the need to strengthen SCRSV investigations and providing a brief …

The Click-And-Commit World Order, Melissa J. Durkee

Chicago Journal of International Law

This Article explores the rise of a new model of global governance: the “click-and-commit world order,” characterized by digitally mediated pledging platforms through which a wide array of actors—states, corporations, cities, NGOs, and individuals—publicly commit to addressing global problems through non-binding promises. In contrast to traditional treaty-making, these pledging platforms offer a decentralized, voluntary framework for international cooperation that relies on public declarations rather than negotiated obligations.

Within the U.N. system, this mode of governance developed within the United Nations Global Compact and the Paris Climate Agreement, where bottom-up pledges were institutionalized within formal and informal international structures. The internet …

From Human Mapping To Machine Embedding: Uncovering Key Legal Drivers And Deterrents Of Isds Filing Frequencies, Sangchul Park

Chicago Journal of International Law

International investment agreements (IIAs), while intended to prop cross-border investment, have faced persistent criticism for potentially undermining the regulatory sovereignty of developing countries. Various mechanisms have been proposed as alternatives to traditional bilateral investment treaty (BIT) models, often with the goal of curbing investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) filings. While existing research has uncovered the impact of nonlegal factors, such as macroeconomic crises, little has been done to systematically examine how legal provisions in either major model BITs or ISDS reform toolboxes influence ISDS filing patterns. To address this gap, this Article analyzes the interplay between (i) legal texts of 2,148 …

Technology And The Law Of Jus Ante Bellum, Asaf Lubin

Chicago Journal of International Law

The temporal boundaries of the international rules governing military force are myopic. By focusing only on the initiation and conduct of war, the legal dichotomy between Jus Ad Bellum and Jus In Bello fails to address the critical role of peacetime military preparations in shaping future conflicts. Disruptive military technologies, such as artificial intelligence and cyber offensive capabilities, only further underscore this deficiency. During their pre-war development, these technologies embed countless design choices, hardcoding into their software and user interfaces policy rationales, legal interpretations, and value judgments. Once deployed in battle, these choices have the potential to precondition warfighters and …

False Criminalization And The Erosion Of Community Equity, Deborah N. Archer, Daniel S. Harawa

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Facial Recognition Ai, Margaret Hu

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Multiple Collection Methodology For Studying The Connection Between Behaviour And Design In The Built Environment, María Beltrán Rodríguez

Artículos científicos

This study examines the relationship between urban design and convivial behaviour using a multipledata collection approach. By comparing two distinct urban parks—Superkilen in Copenhagen and Parc Central del Poblenou in Barcelona—the research demonstrates how different spatial configurations and design solutions influence social interactions. The methodology integrates direct observation, behavioural mapping, survey data, and graphic representation to systematically assess convivial behaviour across two diverse yet comparable environments. Both Superkilen and Parc Central del Poblenou were designed by high-profile architects with the intent of fostering interaction among diverse urban populations. While both parks were conceived as highly designed, convivial spaces, fieldwork reveals …

Hospitality At The End Of The World: An Ideological Rhetorical Criticism Of Tactical Technical Communication In The Prepper Journal, Ryan Cheek

English and Technical Communication Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Morphological Variation And Change In The Lateral Ventricles And Caudate Nucleus Across Schizophrenia Types: A Metric Analysis, Devin Venezia

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that alters cognitive function, perception, and behavior. The disorder affects one percent of the global population and is characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, cognitive function, and emotional expression (Hany et al., 2024). While previous research involves three-dimensional (3D) renderings of subcortical structures that demonstrate schizophrenic-specific morphology (Narr et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2023), the variation expressed by different schizophrenia subtypes require greater focus. This research study explores the structural variations in the lateral ventricles and the caudate nucleus across different schizophrenia subtypes, emphasizing potential sexbased differences. This study hypothesized …

Red Sea Task Force: Assessing The Legal Implications Of The Military Response To Houthi Attacks In The Red Sea, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law

Yemen Accountability Project (YAP)

No abstract provided.

Lost And Found: The Forgotten Origins Of The “Cruel And Unusual Punishments” Prohibition, John D. Bessler

Articles

The U.S. Supreme Court and legal scholars have long traced the origins of the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against “cruel and unusual punishments” to the English Declaration of Rights, codified as the English Bill of Rights (1689). The English Declaration of Rights recited that, in King James II’s reign, “illegal and cruel punishments” had been “inflicted,” with its tenth clause then declaring in hortatory fashion: “That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” The prohibitions against excessive bail and excessive fines and the final phrase—“nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted”—were later …

Local Insights Into Global Value Chains, Pao-Li Chang

Asian Management Insights

Leveraging firm-level data to inform anticipatory economic policy decisions.

Criminal Law, Thomas D. Church, Whitney Baker

Mercer Law Review

This Article provides a brief examination of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit’s most important criminal law opinions in 2024. Rather than engage in an exhaustive review of the facts and laws in each case, we focus on the key holdings from only the most noteworthy, published decisions. Section II of this Article addresses substantive criminal offenses, such as economic crimes, drug offenses, and firearm offenses, while Section III covers criminal procedure, the rules of evidence, and constitutional issues arising in criminal prosecutions. Section IV deals with the federal sentencing guidelines and other sentencing issues, and …

Immigration Law, Bianca N. Dibella, Hannah L. Baskind

Mercer Law Review

In 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit issued only one published opinion, Green Rock LLC v. Internal Revenue Service, and a handful of unpublished opinions involving U.S. federal income tax issues. Green Rock presented an issue of first impression in the Eleventh Circuit: the validity of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Notice that designated transactions as “listed transactions” without following the notice and comment rulemaking procedures prescribed by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). This Article surveys that opinion.

From Exceptional To Accountable: Judicial Challenges To Tax Agency Procedures Under The Apa, Clay Wright

Mercer Law Review

This Comment examines the increasing scrutiny of the procedural practices of the Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in tax rulemaking, focusing on how the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) applies to their regulatory frameworks. It examines the evolving intersection of tax and administrative law, in light of courts beginning to alter long-standing notions of tax exceptionalism, where tax agencies have historically been shielded from the procedural standards that apply to other federal agencies. The Comment navigates these issues through key case law developments, highlighting how APA procedural challenges are reshaping the regulatory landscape

Barking Up The Right Tree: The Eleventh Circuit Tightens The Leash On Egregious Police Conduct In Plowright V. Miami-Dade County, Jack Chenette

Mercer Law Review

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

Mercer Law Review

No abstract provided.

To Keep Our Nation Breathing: The Impact Of State Legislation And The Prep Act On Covid-19 Liability Immunity Defenses For Healthcare Providers In The Eleventh Circuit, J. Bailey Hotard

Mercer Law Review

This Comment is not intended to patronize you with statistics related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds suggest that you or someone you love dealt with these gruesome realities in real-time. Instead, allow me to paint a picture:1 You direct hospital operations. You have built your career at a trauma hospital, so you are familiar with the stress that comes with a daily ratio of six patients to one nurse—and yet, COVID-19 brings constantly evolving challenges that no one anticipated. On a typical day, during the height of the pandemic, your consecutive twelve-hour workdays become a blur as you and …

Anything No Longer Goes: How The Eleventh Circuit Has Settled On One Standard To Determine Deliberate-Indifference Claims, Sarah Beth Scarborough

Mercer Law Review

Deliberate indifference to the medical care of a loved one, or oneself, rightly causes outrage. When such an occurrence takes place behind prison walls, inmates or loved ones on their behalf, file a deliberate indifference claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983,and they allege a violation of their Eighth Amendment right to be free of cruel and unusual punishment. However, the test for deliberate indifference has been misconstrued and misapplied for decades within the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. Such a malleable test leads to different standards of proof for a plaintiff to meet, and confusion among …

Repugnant Verdicts For $1000: Navigating The Intersection Of Double Jeopardy And Conflicting Verdicts In Mcelrath V. Georgia, Talia Levine

Mercer Law Review

“No man is to be brought into jeopardy of his life, more than once, for the same offense.” This ancient maxim, preserved in the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment, is a hallmark of the American justice system. The Double Jeopardy Clause gives a criminal defendant the constitutional right not to be tried again for the same offense after being acquitted. This guarantee stands as “[p]erhaps the most fundamental rule in the history of double jeopardy jurisprudence.”

The Supreme Court of the United States has repeatedly upheld these principles; by refusing to allow retrial following an acquittal, the Court …

Table Of Contents, Editorial Board, Law School Faculty And Administration

Nevada Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Equality And Protection: The Forgotten Meaning Of The Fourteenth Amendment, David H. Gans

Denver Law Review

At the heart of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause are two fundamental principles: equality and protection. Tragically, the Supreme Court has read one of these two principles—protection—out of our foundational charter. While the Justices repeatedly invoke the textual promise of equal protection, their precedent turns a blind eye to the constitutional command of protection and the idea that, in return for allegiance, the government owes its citizenry protection. Until the Supreme Court takes seriously the right to protection embedded in the Fourteenth Amendment, its jurisprudence will continue to be deeply flawed. As the text and history laid out in …

The Future Is In Their Care: Justice And The Washington Constitution, Steven González

Washington Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Perceived Social Support On Postpartum Depression: The Mediating Role Of Psychological Capital And Sense Of Coherence, Hana K. Aman

psychology

Background: The relationship between postpartum depression and social support is highly supported in research. However, few studies investigated the factors that could intervene with this relationship. The purpose of this research is to investigate how psychological capital (PsyCap) and sense of coherence (SOC) can mediate the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and postpartum depression. Methods: This study analysed data from 217 postpartum women with age range between 25-41(M= 30.12, SD= 3.65). The sample was recruited from public and private hospitals and obstetrics/gynaecology and paediatric clinics in Cairo, Egypt. Data was collected using Arabic versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression …

Srh Lab Case Study: Ia, Mental Models, And Website Labels, Trista Wang

Graphic Communication

This paper discusses the results of a research study investigating Cal Poly students’ mental models regarding the Sexual and Reproductive Health Lab’s (SRH Lab) website. Mental models are beliefs that the user has about a website and how it functions, which affects how users interact with the website (Chan 2024). By tailoring its website to students’ mental models through appropriate nomenclature, the SRH Lab will be able to better engage and disseminate information to students.

52 students participated in a card sorting study, in which they were asked to intuitively sort cards labeled with SRH Lab website labels into different …

Patterns Of Dermatological Emergencies At A Tertiary Hospital In Southwestern Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Study, Hamad A. Alfahaad

Saudi Medical Journal

ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine the patterns and characteristics of dermatological emergencies managed at a tertiary hospital in the Southwest Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design conducted at King Khalid Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. The study included patients who either visited the dermatology or emergency departments or were hospitalized due to dermatological conditions treated between January 2019 and December 2024. Results: The study included 126 patients, with an almost equal distribution of males (50.8%) and females (49.2%), predominantly Saudi nationals (78.6%). Most patients were aged 18-60 (65.1%) years. The most common skin lesion was …

Identification Of Genetic Variants In Patients With Primary And Secondary Amenorrhea, Flora Bai, Renjini Nambiar, Chirayu Padhiar, Wilson Aruni, Chinnadurai Veeramani, Mohammed A. Alsaif, Khalid S. Al-Numair

Saudi Medical Journal

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify the cytogenetic and molecular pattern abnormalities and early diagnose the cause of primary and secondary amenorrhea. Methods: A total of 320 patients in the age group of 14-35 years with clinically confirmed amenorrhea were screened using conventional cytogenetic methods. Patients with a normal karyotype, hypoplastic uterus, and no hormonal imbalance were extensively investigated using molecular cytogenetic platforms such as chromosomal microarrays and clinical exome sequencing (CES). Results: Of the 266 patients with primary amenorrhea and 54 with secondary amenorrhea, 66.9% and 88.9%, independently, had a normal karyotype. The 20 patients with a normal karyotype, hypoplastic uterus, …

Representations Of Residential Child Care In The Irish Times Newspaper From 1870 To 2022, Niamh Caldwell

Masters

Guided by Social Representations Theory, this study explores how representation of residential childcare in The Irish Times have changed over time. A newspaper was chosen as the data source as mass media is proposed to have power over creating and communicating representations to the public. The representations explored include those of children, the construction of childhood and children’s needs, and the role of other people/parties in the lives of children in care. Grounded in the pragmatic paradigm, quantitative and qualitative content analyses were conducted. Data was collected from ten time periods between 1870 to 2022 from The Irish Times Digital …