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Foreword, Mark D. Janis, Jennifer D. Oliva, Alivia D. Benedict

Indiana Law Journal

In this issue we are delighted to present papers from the symposium “Law and Technology at the Crossroads: A Centennial Summit,” held in Bloomington in November 2024. The symposium originated from the collaborative efforts of the Indiana University Maurer School of Law’s law and technology faculty and the Indiana Law Journal’s editorial board, notably 2023–2024 Editor-in-Chief John Vastag and 2024–2025 Executive Articles & Symposium Editor Paige Wynkoop. The Maurer School of Law’s Center for Intellectual Property Research provided funding, as did Indiana University through its Research Conference Grant Program. Indiana University’s Ostrom Workshop and the Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, …

Multiplicity As An Ai Governance Principle, Michal Shur-Ofry

Indiana Law Journal

As AI becomes increasingly embedded in our daily lives, this Article explores one of its critical, yet overlooked, societal implications: the propensity of large language models (LLMs) to generate mainstream, standardized content, potentially narrowing their users’ worldviews.

Taking a close look at the technological underpinnings of LLMs, the analysis suggests that—due to the combination of human judgments, training datasets, and inherent features of the underlying technological paradigm—LLMs’ outputs are likely to be geared toward the popular and to project to their users concentrated, mainstream worldviews, sidelining a broader spectrum of perspectives. This Article explores the asymmetrical power relations between LLMs …

Unpacking Open Source Bio, Jorge L. Contreras

Indiana Law Journal

For at least a quarter of a century, life science researchers around the world have undertaken initiatives loosely based on principles, goals, and institutional structures derived from the open source software (OSS) movement—approaches that I term “open source bio.” Yet open source bio lacks a clear definition and set of guiding principles. Given public calls for greater openness in life science research, it is useful to understand how open source bio projects have fared over the past quarter century: how they were structured, what they hoped to achieve, and, as social and policy experiments, whether or not they were successful. …

Discord And The Pentagon's Watchdog: Countering Extremism In The U.S. Military, Amy Gaudion

Indiana Law Journal

In his 2022 book, Ward Farnsworth crafts a metaphor from the lead-pipe theory for the fall of Rome to consider how rage and misinformation traveling through today’s technology-enabled pipes are poisoning our civic engagement and threatening our governmental structures: “We have built networks for the delivery of information––the internet, and especially social media. These networks too, are a marvel. But they also carry a kind of poison with them. The mind fed from those sources learns to subsist happily on quick reactions, easy certainties, one-liners, and rage.”1 This Article carries the metaphor into a new context and considers what should …

On Software Bugs And Legal Bugs: Product Liability In The Age Of Code, Asaf Lubin

Indiana Law Journal

Despite software’s ubiquity in modern life, its classification within product liability law remains unsettled. Is software a product, a service, a good, a component, a medium, a force, or something else altogether? Under the Restatement (Third) of Torts, a product is defined as a “tangible personal property distributed commercially for use or consumption.” But has this definition been embraced by states? And how has it been applied in the courts, since its adoption some twenty-six years ago?

Through a fifty-state survey and the canvassing of all relevant case law, this Essay reveals widespread doctrinal inconsistencies within the common law. Some …

Birthright Citizenship: Its History And Continued Relevance In Modern America, Shahin Mirzaei

Immigration Law Blog

In light of recent efforts by the Trump administration to challenge birthright citizenship, this article addresses the history of the principle of jus soli in the United States and the reasoning behind its incorporation in the U.S. Constitution. The article also explores existing debates surrounding this principle, including those stemming from historical distortions and misconceptions about U.S.-born children of noncitizen parents, and ultimately highlights the importance of its preservation.

Factors Influencing Pain, Anxiety, And Comfort In Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Prospective Observational Study, Ganime E. Soysal, Seyma Demir Erbas

Saudi Medical Journal

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the factors associated with pain, anxiety and comfort in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Additionally, the relationship between pain, anxiety and comfort was examined. Methods: This observational study included 214 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital in Bolu, Turkey, between October 2022 and December 2023. Demographic information, anxiety, and pain were recorded before and after the procedure, and comfort levels were recorded after the procedure. State-Trait anxiety inventory (STAI-State and Continuous), Paranesthesia Comfort Questionnaire (PCQ), General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) scales were used for analyses. Results: The patients were mostly male (67.3%) and …

2024 – 2025 Cal Poly Wind Power Ac-Dc Rectification Subsystem For Collegiate Wind Competition 2025, Ryan Rayos, Annabella Piercey, Alex Liu

Electrical Engineering

This project focuses on the design and development of a bidirectional AC-DC rectification subsystem for a wind energy conversion system (WECS), tailored for the 2025 Collegiate Wind Competition. The subsystem is defined by its core inputs and outputs where it receives AC power from the wind turbine generator and delivers stable DC power to auxiliary electronics and variable loads. Conversely, the system can also accept DC power, such as from wall power, and output AC power to drive the permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) as a motor, overcoming cogging torque and initiating turbine blade rotation. This bidirectional functionality is enabled …

Barnette’S Robert H. Jackson: The Constitution Protects Individual Conscience When The Cost To Society Is Not Too High, John Q. Barrett

Missouri Law Review

This essay, part of a symposium on Linda McClain’s and James Fleming’s book “WHAT SHALL BE ORTHODOX” IN POLARIZED TIMES, is about Justice Robert H. Jackson’s opinion for the Supreme Court in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette. Justice Jackson explained in Barnette how the U.S. Constitution protects schoolchildren conscientious objectors from being compelled by government to salute and to pledge allegiance to the U.S. flag. But Barnette was not, as the Supreme Court recently seems to read it, an absolutist decision constitutionalizing individual conscience claims to be exempt from societal, general, significant interests in compelling speech. Barnette …

Between The Sword And A Hard Place: Systemic Solutions To The Shortcomings Of The Missouri Public Defender System, Andrew A. Bohon

Missouri Law Review

“Striving to better, oft we mar what’s well.” The attempt to solve a problem can sometimes topple a functional system entirely. The striving to improve a thing can frustrate its purpose. Limping along under the guise of functionality, however, many sociopolitical processes hinder our progress. Something works, so we cling to it in fear of making it worse. The idea has been aphorized that perfect is the enemy of good. Although a quaint and conservative philosophy, there is a countertheory: “Good is the enemy of great.”

Vol. 102, No. 4: Table Of Contents, Denver Law Review

Denver Law Review

No abstract provided.

Protesting, Cash Bail, And (Un)Equal Protection: Using Empirical Data To Prove Equal Protection Violations, Alireza Nourani-Dargiri

Denver Law Review

Despite considerable data demonstrating disparate government treatment of racially minoritized groups, recent race-based equal protection cases have met only measured success because courts often find statistical evidence of racial bias to be too attenuated. Without an explicitly racist statement, policy, or law made by government officials, many courts will not intervene in systems that have long, consistent histories of racially discriminatory impacts. But this contradicts the purpose of the Equal Protection Clause: to prevent people of color—particularly Black people—from being discriminated against and kept in a functional caste system. Courts and scholars have consistently identified this purpose, and throughout equal …

Islands Of Inequality: The Fourteenth Amendment's Reach After Vaello Madero, Sigrid Vendrell-Polanco

Denver Law Review

The Supreme Court’s 2022 decision in United States v. Vaello Madero has reignited discussions about the application of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause to residents of U.S. territories. This Article examines how the ruling, which upheld the exclusion of Puerto Rico residents from the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, reflects and reshapes the constitutional relationship between the federal government and territorial inhabitants. Although the Court said it was not “irrational” for Congress to exclude Puerto Rico (applying only “rational basis” review), that very ruling underscored a longstanding tension: U.S. citizens in the territories do not receive the same constitutional …

Vol. 102, No. 4: Full Issue, Denver Law Review

Denver Law Review

No abstract provided.

Revisiting Section 2 And The Electors Clause: On The Right Of The People To Choose Presidential Electors, Mark Bohnhorst

Denver Law Review

Recent scholarship argues that Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment protects the people’s right to elect presidential electors. This Article offers fresh perspectives both on Section 2 scholarship and on the underlying history of the Electors Clause. It begins with a review of modern interpretations of the Fourteenth Amendment. It then summarizes the author's recent research into the text and structure of the Electors Clause and its ratification. It also offers new perspectives on consequential debates over the constitutionality of legislative election that began in 1800 and ended in 1826. When Section 2 was drafted in June 1866, the popular …

Abuse Of Power In The Workplace: The New Gender Discrimination Claims, June Carbone, Nancy Levit, Naomi Cahn

University of the Pacific Law Review

No abstract provided.

Leadership And Antiracism In Legal Education, Danielle M. Conway

University of the Pacific Law Review

No abstract provided.

Centennial Talk: From Morality To #Metoo: Constructions Of Unlawful Sex In America, Aya Gruber

University of the Pacific Law Review

No abstract provided.

Introduction: Forever Criminalized?: How Collateral Consequences Advance Disparities In Criminal Justice, Jenny Roberts

Hofstra Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Tale Of Two Cities: Collateral Consequences Of Misdemeanor Non-Convictions, Elizabeth Nevins-Saunders

Hofstra Law Review

No abstract provided.

Putting A Band-Aid On A Bullet Hole: The Deaf Individual's Subdued Constitutional Right Against Self-Incrimination, Alexandra Kotowski

Hofstra Law Review

No abstract provided.

Narratives Of Jewish American Public School Educators Amid Rising Antisemitism Post October 7, 2023, Cassandra Schwartz

Dissertations

This study investigated how Jewish American public school educators are responding to rising antisemitism post-October 7, 2023. While research exists on global antisemitism, the experiences of Jewish educators within the unique context of American public schools represent a significant and under-explored gap in academic literature. A qualitative narrative research approach, grounded in critical theory, was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight Jewish American public school educators and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed participants’ experiences of a heightened sense of fear and silence from colleagues and institutions, leading to feelings of isolation and being unsupported. Critically, this study …

The ‘Double-Exposure’ Of Riverine Communities In Northeast India To Dams And Climate Change, Costanza Rampini

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Legal Personhood For Artwork, Sergio Alberto Gramitto Ricci

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Artwork is unique and irreplaceable. It is signifier and signified. The signified of a work of art is its coherent purpose. But the signified of a work of art can be altered when not protected. The ramifications of unduly altering the signified of a work of art are consequential for both living and future generations. While the law provides protection to artists and art owners, it fails to grant rights to works of art themselves. The current legal paradigm, designed around the interest of owners and artists, also falls short of protecting Indigenous art aimed at conserving traditions and cultural …

Strategized Reduction Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Predicting And Extending The Service Life Of Concrete Pavements And Bridges, Fariborz M. Tehrani

Mineta Transportation Institute

Strong, durable concrete is key to resilient, long-lasting transportation infrastructure—especially in the face of climate change. This project explores innovative strategies for predicting and enhancing the service life of concrete in pavement and bridge systems, addressing the pressing need for sustainable transportation infrastructure. As concrete is pivotal to the durability and resilience of such structures, its environmental impact demands urgent attention. This project aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions throughout their lifecycle by extending the service life of concrete pavements and bridge decks. A significant focus of the research is on the indications of chloride ion penetration in concrete, which …

Addressing Urban Traffic Congestion: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach, Tairan Liu

Mineta Transportation Institute

In an innovative venture, the research team embarked on a mission to redefine urban traffic flow by introducing an automated way to manage traffic light timings. This project integrates two critical technologies, Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Auto-encoders, into reinforcement learning, with the goal of making traffic smoother and reducing the all-too-common road congestion in simulated city environments. Deep Q-Networks (DQN) are a form of reinforcement learning algorithms that learns the best actions to take in various situations through trial and error. Auto-encoders, on the other hand, are tools that help simplify complex data, making it easier for the DQN to …

Media And Power, Bettina Fabos, Christopher R. Martin, Catherine H. Palczewski

Faculty Book Gallery

This handbook guides students through concepts, content, and exercises that help them develop media literacy by understanding media and power. The authors want students to not only gain the ability to critically analyze the languages and discourses – textual, visual, audio, and code – that people use to create and interpret media content, but also to understand the overarching context: media possess immense power in contemporary societies around the world.

Mechanisms For Oxygen Vacancy Defect Migration In Srtio3/Nio Heterostructures, Anish Rajesh More

Theses

Perovskite-based oxide heterostructures display promising properties resulting from interface phenomena, making them good candidates for next-generation solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. Amongst the different features exhibited by these interfaces, misfit dislocations play an important role in influencing ionic transport, yet their role remains poorly understood, which is the case in rock salt-perovskite interfaces too. In SrTiO3/NiO heterostructures, to comprehend interface ionic transport, we investigate oxygen vacancy migration near misfit dislocations. To this end, we developed a high-throughput framework that integrates atomistic simulations with nudged elastic band method to predict migration energy barriers across disparate interface atomic environments. By comprehensively mapping …

Table Of Contents

Washington Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Right To Repress: Ipec V Inslee And The Parental Right To Determine The Gender Of A Child, August Brown

Washington Law Review

Do parents have a constitutional right to determine their child’s gender? No court has held that they do, but that assumption was the basis of a challenge brought in August 2023 to Senate Bill 5599 (ESSB 5599)—an amendment to the Washington State Family Reconciliation Act, which protects runaway youth seeking gender-affirming treatment and reproductive health care services from immediate parental notification. Plaintiffs International Partners for Ethical Care (IPEC) and others challenged the bill before the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington. Their claims turn on parental rights, as well as several associated federal and state constitutional claims. …