Digital Commons Network^™

Tariffs And Trade Deficits, Lorenzo Caliendo, Samuel Kortum, Fernando Parro

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We develop a dynamic multi-country Ricardian trade model with aggregate uncertainty, where trade imbalances emerge as countries exchange goods and assets. We introduce a method for computing counterfactuals in this setting, which doesn't require specifying the stochastic process of shocks or solving for asset prices. Applying the model to tariff shocks, we quantify their effects on prices, income, spending, and trade imbalances. We find that higher U.S. tariffs reduce the U.S. trade deficit through general equilibrium adjustments, but raise domestic prices and lower real consumption. Our findings highlight that movements in trade imbalances are shaped by the structure of global …

Hepcidin, Incident Heart Failure, And Cardiac Dysfunction In Older Adults: The Aric Study, Iman A F Aboelsaad, Brian L Claggett, Victoria Lamberson, Pranav Dorbala, Kunihiro Matsushita, Pamela Lutsey, Bing Yu, Brandon W Lennep, Youssef M K Farag, Amil M Shah, Leo F Buckley

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Aims: Hepcidin regulates plasma and tissue iron levels. We studied the association of hepcidin levels with the risk of incident heart failure (HF) and cardiac dysfunction in older adults.

Methods and results: We included adults from the ongoing, longitudinal Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, who were free from prevalent anaemia and HF at Visit 5 (2011-13) and had available hepcidin and covariate data. Associations of plasma hepcidin levels with overall adjudicated incident HF, HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Cross-sectional associations of hepcidin …

Inaction As Nonformal Reaction: Rethinking Crime Perception In The Era Of Data Breaches, Irnasya Shafira Hadi

Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia

This study analyses the Indonesian public’s response to government data breaches and advocates for an expanded defintion of nonformal reactions to crime in the digital context. It argues that existing criminological frameworks, particularly Mustofa’s (2021) model—which views nonformal reactions as active and confrontational behaviours such as demonstrations or vigilantism—should also acknowledge inaction, apathy, and emotional disengagement as valid public reactions. This paper employs a conceptual-qualitative approach, combining an interdisciplinary literature review, interpretive policy analysis of the Personal Data Protection Law, and triangulation with digital behaviour data to develop its analysis. This paper reframes apathy as a significant criminological indicator of …

Is Poverty The Root Of All Crime? Rethinking Criminality Amid Institutional Failure In Madagascar, Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra

Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia

Madagascar continues to grapple with high levels of poverty and weak institutional capacity, creating conditions conducive to widespread and persistent criminality. This paper aims to examine how structural poverty, institutional failure, and state fragility interact to shape patterns of crime through the lens of criminological theories such as strain theory, social disorganisation, and state-centred criminology. Using a qualitative methodology based on a comprehensive literature review of empirical studies, policy documents, and international reports, the paper explores the socio-economic and institutional dynamics underpinning crime in Madagascar. The findings reveal that poverty-driven crime often arises as a rational response to unmet needs, …

Intersectionality In The Maze Of Oppression: A Feminist Criminology Analysis Of Systematic Vulnerability And Exploitation Of Indonesian Women Trafficked To Cambodia, Reza Anugrah, Lifiana Alanisya Mutaharina

Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia

This study explores the vulnerability of Indonesian women to the crime of human trafficking in Cambodia, analyzing its structural and patriarchal roots. Employing a qualitative methodology through literature review, the paper delineates how socio-economic disparities and limited employment opportunities in Indonesia drive women toward illegal job offers that ultimately result in exploitation. Human trafficking syndicates exploit traditional gender constructs and manipulate identities to entrap victims, even involving women as alleged perpetrators. Criminological and legal analyses reveal a shift toward more complex forms of transnational crime, exacerbated by the use of digital technology. Although the Law of the Republic of Indonesia …

High-Risk Terrorism Inmate Deradicalization: A Complex And Paradoxical Issue In Nusakambangan, Rahmat Amin Siregar

Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia

Deradicalizing high-risk terrorism inmates is a multifaceted and paradoxical challenge that has not been comprehensively addressed in criminological studies. This research seeks to fill the gaps in previous studies by focusing on the security challenges, personnel difficulties, and prison culture dynamics within super-maximum security facilities in their efforts to deradicalize terrorism inmates. The findings highlight three critical aspects of this complexity. First, the security measures in super-maximum security facilities emphasize the strict implementation of a one-inmate-per-cell system, which minimizes inmate interactions, adheres to high-security standards, and utilizes advanced technological systems. Second, correctional officers face significant challenges, including verbal confrontations from …

Implementation Of Public-Private Partnership Model Towards Ideal Operationalization Of Correctional Institution In Indonesia, Sani Siti Aisyah -

Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia

The increasing popularity of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in prison or correctional institution development and management is currently often studied from an economic perspective that prioritizes state budget efficiency and is rarely studied from a social perspective that prioritizes benefits for the community in the context of social control. Realizing that PPP has positive potential in the ideal operationalization of correctional institution amidst limited human resources and budget, this study examines various correctional institution PPP models using the correction theory framework. This study was designed as an exploratory qualitative study using interview, document studies, field observations and FGD. This study successfully …

Rising Costs Of Higher Education In United States And Student Debt, Mona Muzammil, Muzammil Arshad, Washain Muzammil

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

100 years ago, college tuition at prestigious Ivy League colleges such as Harvard and Brown was about $130 per year. Even when adjusted for inflation, today's cost of higher education has increased dramatically to the point where a college education is shifting further out of reach for many Americans. This book explains the essential concepts in the debate regarding the staggering costs of higher education, supplying ten original essays by higher education policy experts, a lively historical narrative that provides context to current issues, and systematic guides to find additional sources of information on the subject.

Written from a historian's …

"The Cake Is A Lie:" Locating Loot Boxes In Indian Gaming Framework, Aman Gupta, Samriddh Sharma

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Lootboxes have become endemic in modern video games. These microtransactions allow users to purchase virtual containers without knowing their content, which is determined by chance. There have been increasing concerns about the negative impact of loot-box purchases on mental health and whether these amount to gambling under various laws. In response, several countries have started applying existing gambling laws or legislating new measures to regulate lootboxes. This raises questions about the present state of regulations in the Indian context and whether they are adequate in meeting the risks posed by lootboxes. In the present article, the authors explain the concept …

Steering Indian Financial Services Towards Digital Operational Resilience: A Cross-Sectoral Approach, Vaibhav Vijay Nishad, Smruti Kulkarni

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

In India, among the three financial regulators, RBI’s recent focus on creating a robust ICT risk management framework has been at the forefront of the country’s digital operational resilience strategy. The continuous cyber threats and recent digital operational failures have highlighted the need for further enhancements to strategies that establish strong ICT risk management. Addressing these cybersecurity vulnerabilities requires more than prescriptive rules; it demands holistic, flexible, adaptive, and coordinated regulatory approaches to strengthen digital operational resilience. This paper analyses the key issues that need resolution to advance these efforts. We identify the misalignment of economic incentives for compliance as …

Centring Marginalisation In The Development Of Digital Courts: Reflections From Argentina, India, Kenya, And Malaysia, Siddharth Peter De Souza, Varsha Aithala, Francisco Mignaquy, Mercy Muendo, Anisha Nadkarni

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

This paper presents a multi-jurisdictional analysis of digitalisation of justice and the perceived role of courts as public institutions upholding the rule of law and ensuring access to justice to all. Using selected examples from Argentina, India, Kenya and Malaysia, it examines the impact of digitalisation efforts of these countries on their citizens, marginalised populations, the State and private sector. We propose to design an approach to digital justice that centres people on the margins of digital transformation of courts. This includes three elements – first, engagement with people centered perspectives; second, focus on disadvantage and addressing socio-technical factors; and …

From ‘Gig Work’ To Algorithmically Mediated Work: Shifting The Focus To Technological Control In Work Regulation, Jasoon Chelat

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Platform-based work is finding a place in legislative instruments in India in recent years, under the Code on Social Security, 2020, as well as state-level legislations. In this paper, I argue that these efforts to extend protections to gig or platform work are limited in their understanding of the way work is shaped by digital technologies both within and outside of platforms. Platform-based work regulation seems to have skipped a step: the regulatory discourse has moved on to a welfare-focused model present in informal work, without examining existing jurisprudence on worker rights relevant to digitally mediated work. These legislative instruments …

In The Pursuance Of A Robust Legal Framework To Address Deepfake Harms: An Analysis Of The Indian Legal Discourse, Jyothsna Gurumurthy

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

A common issue we face in the field of law and technology is the constant game of catch-up that the law is required to play to keep up with advances in technology. Deepfake Technology (primarily based on generative adversarial networks, as explored in this article) exemplifies this game of catch-up and provides a fertile ground for academics and regulators/law makers to explore and understand what it means for a technology regulating law or rule to be robust and enforceable. By examining the judicial handling of deepfake claims within a publicity rights discourse in India, this article suggests the adoption of …

Trans* Student Experiences In Higher Education, Megan Chaffee, Deborah King

New York Journal of Student Affairs

This paper reviews literature on trans* students' experiences in higher education, examining their obstacles and institutional approaches to inclusion. The study investigates challenges regarding chosen names and pronouns, access to facilities, extracurricular involvement, and the impact of increasing anti-trans* legislation. Despite growing visibility, trans* students continue to report harassment, discrimination, and a decreased sense of belonging. The paper explores current Title IX interpretations and recommends that higher education administrators develop inclusive policies, enhance professional development, and create supportive campus environments that foster trans* students' academic success and overall well-being.

The German Press's Coverage Of The Bavarian Freikorps, Chase Kinder

Research from the Berry Summer Thesis Institute, 2025

The Freikorps (Free Corps) was a German paramilitary group that primarily consisted of former World War I soldiers who experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and continued their military combat by suppressing communist revolutions in Germany throughout the early Weimar Republic. My research investigates how the German press in Munich covered the Bavarian Freikorps’ swift removal of armed communists and their violence against German civilians during the suppression of the Bavarian Soviet Republic in May 1919. This news coverage influenced how a large portion of German civilians viewed and interacted with German veterans of World War I and the Freikorps after …

Can Correction Messages Reduce The Spread Of Fake News On Social Media? The Impact Of Information Updates On The Effectiveness Of Corrections, Kelvin K. King, Diego Escobari

Economics and Finance Faculty Publications

Although government agencies and fact-checking organizations issue correction messages to mitigate misinformation dissemination on social media, their efforts have been largely ineffective. Drawing on Information Manipulation Theory (IMT) and information extracted from over 84 million tweets, we examine the impact of correction messages and explore how different information updates affect their effectiveness. Our empirical approach differentiates between subpopulations of correction messages. The results support the existence of two distinct types: correction messages that significantly mitigate the spread of fake news—a 1 percent increase in “effective” messages decreases the spread of fake news by 0.89 percent; and those that amplify the …

Merger Remedies Unbound, Dhruv Aggarwal, Albert H. Choi, Geeyoung Min

Law & Economics Working Papers

How should foundational contract law doctrines apply to corporate mergers? This Article argues that recent changes in Delaware law grant parties expansive contractual freedom to define their preferred remedies in merger agreements, untethered from the limits imposed by traditional contract law. A new provision in the Delaware corporate code permits penalty clauses in merger agreements, departing from the traditional “anti-penalty doctrine” that forbids punitive liquidated damages in contract. Delaware courts have also shown deference to specific performance provisions, treating them as presumptively enforceable commitments instead of retaining their traditional judicial discretion over the choice of remedies. Given that Delaware law …

The Potential Of Protection System Of Curator And Administrator Profession In Indonesia (Comparative Analysis Of Curator And Notary Profession In Indonesia), Banat Aghniya Ghassani Yudistira

Technology and Economics Law Journal

This thesis explores the potential need for a protection system for curators and administrators in Indonesia’s bankruptcy proceedings, highlighting their vulnerability to criminalization despite fulfilling roles mandated by law. The study begins by outlining the duties and responsibilities of curators and administrator under Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (UU KPKPU), emphasizing their legal obligation to manage and settle bankrupt assets independently and without conflict of interest. However in practice, curators and administrators often face legal threats and being criminalized, including police reports and criminal charges, merely for executing duties outlined in the …

Comparative Analysis Between The United States And Indonesia Regarding Product Liability Of Food And Beverage Tenants Within The Tourism Industry, Shadrina R. T. Utomo, Henny Marlyna, Ayu Galuh Anggraini

Technology and Economics Law Journal

This research analyzes on how the laws in Indonesia and Florida, United States (U.S.) regulate the product liability of tourism entrepreneurs, whether as the food and beverage tenant within the tourism area or as the tourism operator, who have caused tourists to suffer from food poisoning. The Law Number 10 Year 2009 concerning Tourism the obligation for tourism entrepreneurs in providing insurance is only for high-risk tourism businesses. Tourism entrepreneurs in Indonesia have made various safety measures by fulfilling the sanitation and hygiene requirements, and preparing medical protocols. Meanwhile in Florida, tourism entrepreneurs have added accessibility efforts for tourists with …

Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting Based On Conventional And Artificial Intelligence Methods: A Comparison, Haya H. Binsalim, Jana Kamal, Salma Badaam, Danah Milyani, Ghadah S. Alyami, Aziza I. Hussein

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based models have been widely applied for energy consumption forecasting over the past decades. The purpose of this paper is to review and compare the classical techniques and the emerging new AI-based techniques used for forecasting electrical energy consumption in buildings. The findings revealed that the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model achieved the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.928%. AI-based techniques have many advantages over classical techniques, such as their ability to handle a large amount of data and provide accurate and fast results.

Analysis Of Linguistic Issues In Audiovisual Translation - Subtitling, Marwah Abdullah Hilabi, Ahmad Khuddro Dr

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is a term used for the translation which appears on screen. This product can be written in the form of subtitles, or spoken as in dubbing and it could be also done as a voiceover. This study discusses the AVT with subtitling as an example. Due to the massive growth of media, the need for professional translators and good translation is high. This study used an animated TV series called Fruits Basket as the main example of subtitling. This TV show is an English dubbed version of the Japanese series consisting of 26 episodes. Therefore, the first …

The Effects Of Exercise Training In A Novel Full-Body Compression Garment On Anaerobic Performance In Healthy Men, Benjamin W. Cunningham, Mikayla M. Reese, Jesse M. Jansen, Benjamin S. Minier, Curtis A. Cornell, Faith C. Benedict, Joshua T. Mayne, Justin A. O'Dell, Gabriel M. Lysak, James R. Sackett

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 836-851, 2025. Although acutely donning compression garments improves several markers of athletic performance, the effects of training in compression garments remains largely unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of exercise training while donning a novel full-body compression garment on multiple measures of anaerobic performance. Sixteen sedentary males (age: 21±3 y; BMI: 25±3 kg/m²) completed 4 weeks of training with (CG; n=8) or without (CON; n=8) a novel full-body compression garment. Subjects performed a 40m sprint (time and velocity), a 5-repetition maximum barbell back squat (barbell weight and serratus anterior …

Swahili And English Sell, But What About Iraqw And Sukuma? Tanzanian Native Languages And Ethnic Affiliations In Bottom-Up Commercial Signage, Adventina Buberwa

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Policy statements in Tanzania forbid the use of ethnic community languages but permits Swahili and English in the public space. In this paper, we question the total absence of ethnic community languages in signposts in which previous studies of linguistic landscape attested the presence of unpermitted languages of Arabic, Chinese and Hindi. Under the auspices of the social identity theory, we envisaged the investigation and analysis of personal and place names on privately-owned commercial signposts. It has come out clearly that owners of the businesses represented would no doubt hope that the names they include in their signage would appeal …

Synthesis Of Some New Sulfonamide Derivatives From Acetanilide And Amino Acids And Confirmation Of Their Structures By Spectroscopic Techniques, Ayman Ahmad Ramadan

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

A convenient, mild, eco-friendly, economical and efficient one-step synthesis of new sulfonamides derived from acetanilide by Hinsberg's reaction between p-acetamido benzene sulfonyl chloride (resulted by chlorosulfonation of acetanilide) and some amino acids (Glycine, Alanine, Phenylalanine, Valine) is described in the presence of sodium carbonate as an acid scavenger and water as a solvent at room temperature. The intermediate compound (of p-acetamido benzene sulfonyl chloride) was initially prepared in a yield of 83.1% by reacting chlorosulfonic acid with acetanilide. Four new sulfonamides were then prepared: the first compound was 2-(4′-acetamidophenyl sulfonamido) Acetic acid in a yield of 89.7% by …

Harmonizing Technological Advancement With Ethical And Safe Ai Deployment By Bridging The Innovation–Regulation Divide, Majd A. Ali, Wadii Ali, Hussein Abbas Hameed

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

The development of technology, especially artificial intelligence (AI), has revolutionized various fields like business, healthcare, and even security. Unfortunately, examining the ethical and legal ramifications associated with such sophisticated technology is often left behind. This paper delves into the most pressing issues related to AI and its innovation; specifically, it covers issues such as governance frameworks, the legal gap of coordination, international relations, and ethical problems like discrimination by algorithms, lack of clarity on who is being held responsible, and transparency deficiency. The study focuses on the global strategies for AI governance, from the stringent AI regulations of the European …

Battery Energy Storage Overview : Applications, Potential Challenges And Future Perspective, Haider Jouma Touma, Muhamadm Mansor, Ahmad Skaiky

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

In recent years, there has been a notable global increase in the adoption of Battery Energy Storage (BES). This trend is driven by significant reductions in battery manufacturing costs, improved battery performance, and the growing importance of sustainable energy generation systems, alongside global efforts to reduce harmful emissions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and independent overview of BES, including battery classification. It also explores the diverse applications of BES across generation, transmission, and distribution levels. While emphasizing the significant benefits of BES, the article identifies a number of potential challenges, particularly those related to cost reduction for manufacturers, …

Conservative Management Of An Iatrogenic Left Ventricular Pseudo Aneurysm After Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery, Wiem Feki, Amal Kchaou, Rania Gargouri, Hichem Denguir

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Left ventricular pseudo aneurysm a rare but potentially fatal complication after surgery for type A aortic dissection, due to the fragile nature of the pseudo aneurysm wall. We present the case of a 69-year-old man who developed a pseudo aneurysm at the apex of the left ventricle following surgical repair of a type A aortic dissection. Initially under diagnosed on trans thoracic echocardiography , the lesion was clearly characterized by CMR . Given the patient’s stable clinical status and morbidities , a conservative approach was adopted. The patient showed favorable evolution over time.

Sleep, Emotion Regulation, And Relationship Satisfaction: A Moderation Analysis, Lakyn Boone

Doctoral Dissertations

Sleep plays a pivotal role in overall health and well-being, influencing mental health, cognitive abilities, memory, emotional balance, and physical well-being (Luyster et al., 2012; Mukherjee et al., 2015). Emotions constitute a natural and indispensable element of human existence but necessitate proper regulation, as any disruption in emotion control has been associated with various mental health disorders (Gross & Jazaieri, 2014; Kring & Gordon, 1998; Phelps, 2006). Furthermore, human connections and relationships are fundamental aspects of the human experience, contributing to emotional support, personal growth, a sense of belonging, and even influencing one's physical health outcomes (Baumeister & Leary, 1995; …

Assessing The Role Of Employees' Esg Perception On Turnover Intention: A Moderation Analysis, Michelle Leong

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the relationship between employees’ perceptions of their organization’s ESG performance and turnover intentions by drawing upon Social Identity Theory (SIT). SIT suggests that individuals internalize organizational values and beliefs through organizational socialization, which strengthens their identification with the organizations, leading to support for organizations that embody those values. This study also investigated whether ESG awareness is a better predictor than ESG perception. The research employed a cross-sectional survey design to examine whether age and political affiliation moderate the relationship between ESG perception and turnover intention. The findings suggest that employees’ perceptions of their organization’s ESG performance are …

Hardiness, Coping, And Well-Being In Trauma-Exposed College Student-Athletes, Kiara Scott

Doctoral Dissertations

College student-athletes (CS-As) face many stressors, such as adjusting to a university setting, academic pressures, and the demands of an elite athlete (e.g., battling at a high level during training and competition and managing mental struggles in their sport) (Barbayannis et al., 2022; Barnard, 2016). Some individuals are exposed to events that may be classified as traumatic, such as physical and sexual assault, natural disasters, and other related forms of human suffering (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Around 50%-80% of college students have been exposed to at least one traumatic event throughout their lifetime (Frazier et al., 2009; Read et al., …