Digital Commons Network^™

Tensions, Funding, And Sustainability: Young Feminist Organizing’S Relations With Donors And Key Stakeholders, Anel Bobadilla, Paulina Márquez, Esperanza Basurto, Natalia Tenorio, Sonia Cruz, Ricardo Regules

Adolescents and Young People

Although young feminist women are an important part of the feminist movement in Mexico, there is very little information written from their perspective about their relationship with larger organizations, foundations, and national and international donor organizations, and with key actors at the institutional level, as shown by the results of the Rapid Evidence Assessment on the panorama and impact of young feminist organizing in Mexico.

This brief highlights the complexity of the relationships between young feminist organizations (YFOs) and collectives in Mexico and foundations and donor organizations as well as government institutions, while recognizing good practices. We analyze and synthesize …

Legal Models For Public-Private City Greening Partnerships, Daniel J. Metzger

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

Cities are significantly hotter than their surrounding areas. That difference, known as the “urban heat island” effect, is driven in significant part by the dark-colored buildings, sidewalks, roadways, and similar surfaces that dominate urban spaces, absorbing solar energy and later radiating it outward as thermal energy that heats the nearby air. This Comment suggests and describes one avenue through which cities and local community-based organizations (CBOs) could tackle extreme heat: partnering with one another to transform paved surfaces into green or reflective ones. Partnerships of this kind could combine the resources and desire to create green spaces that nongovernmental groups …

Bsc Owner Llc V. Johnson

All Decisions

The landlord moved to restore a holdover proceeding seeking a final judgment of possession based on the tenant's alleged breach of a 2019 probationary stipulation. The stipulation required the tenant to permanently exclude her son from the premises and remove him from the household composition. The landlord's motion relied on "information and belief" that the tenant changed the head of household to her son and that the tenant may reside in Pennsylvania. The court denied the motion, finding the landlord's affirmations and documentation insufficient, lacking personal knowledge and corroborating evidence, and failing to demonstrate a breach, particularly that the son …

Understanding Output-Based Pricing Systems, Wei Cui

All Faculty Publications

In recent years, Canada has implemented a distinctive carbon pricing regime, known as “output-based pricing systems” (OBPS), to incentivize emission reductions for large industrial facilities. This regime has come un-der heightened scrutiny as a more general carbon tax, the federal fuel charge, was cancelled in 2025 due to political controversy. However, OBPS regimes have received no prior economic analysis; commentators have mostly criticized the weakness of the emission trading markets within them. This article argues that OBPS should be viewed as primarily implementing a carbon tax with an intensity-based exemption. OBPS further introduces emissions trading into this carbon tax regime, …

Criminal Court's Disability, Zohra Ahmed

Faculty Scholarship

Do criminal courts meaningfully accommodate psychiatric disability? A review of competency proceedings across the United States suggests not. In competency to stand trial proceedings, criminal court actors offer a narrow vision of psychiatric disability that excludes many defendants. Ultimately, the institutional context of criminal court undermines even the meagre accommodations that the competency framework provides.

Competency proceedings are the constitutional accommodations available to disabled defendants if they can establish that they are unable to consult with their lawyers or if they do not have a rational or factual understanding of the proceedings against them. After a finding of incompetency, the …

De Minimis Copying: An Empirical Study, Jessica Silbey, Samantha Zyontz

Faculty Scholarship

In the internet age, the copyright de minimis defense has increased in relevance as copyright lawsuits (and IP generally) are more mainstream and infringement liability more widespread. This Article is the first empirical analysis of copyright de minimis defense cases, collecting and analyzing all such decisions since the mid-19th century. It traces the doctrine’s development over the past century and its evolution in the digital era, when copying has become even more ubiquitous but its triviality remains widely disputed. The Article’s aim is not only to map the de minimis defense to learn more about it doctrinally—asking when is copying …

Gender And Party Polarization In The Us Congress: Hypervisibility And Invisibility, Rosalyn Cooperman

Political Science & International Affairs Articles

The history and practice of party polarization in Congress is a gendered concept. Men have comprised the overwhelming majority of legislators from both parties, served as their party’s leaders, and dominated the party caucuses. As women and women of color have increased their presence in the institution, particularly among Democrats, gender and race have emerged as important themes in understanding party polarization in contemporary congresses. In an analysis of legislative activity of members in the 104th to the 117th Congresses, I find the two most distinct groups of partisans, Democratic women and Republican men, are prominently featured in the opposing …

Advancing Cybersecurity Assurance: A Novel Outcome-Based Approach For Evaluating Cybersecurity Controls, Yousuf M. Muhammad

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

The growing frequency and complexity of cyberattacks pose a serious and escalating risk to both individuals and organizations. Current cybersecurity assurance approaches often fall short in effectively measuring the adequacy of cybersecurity controls in terms of mitigating risks and providing measurable value to organizations. The current approaches are often focused on measuring compliance with predetermined requirements as defined in government regulation or an industry standard, thereby overlooking the need for a holistic approach that incorporates all aspects of security. This dissertation is an attempt to address this gap by developing a novel outcome-based cybersecurity assurance approach.

The research problem focused …

“Toward A World Where Many Worlds Fit”: Thinking-Feeling Our Way In The Pluriverse, Michael Burns

Sustainability Research & Practice Seminar Presentations

Dr. Michael Burns, English, shares "Toward a 'World Where Many Worlds Fit': Thinking-Feeling Our Way into the Pluriverse" Recording shares the lecture portion. Following the lecture participants shared their thoughts with one another.

Melting Behavior Of Direct Reduced Iron Pellets With Different Carbon Content In Molten Steel And Molten Slag, Fabian Andres Calderon Hurtado, Joseph Govro, Arezoo Emdadi, Ronald J. O'Malley

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the melting behavior of direct reduced iron (DRI) pellets in molten slag and steel baths, focusing on how the carbon content influences the melting rate through the stirring effects of gas evolution on heat transfer. A computational model using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 is developed to simulate the temperature profile at the pellet's core and the gas evolution resulting from the reaction between FeO and carbon within the pellet. The model is validated using experimental data from this study as well as literature on the DRI pellet–molten slag system. Results indicate that, despite the increased enthalpy demand associated …

Decolonizing Community Re-Entry: Effective Case Studies Of Community-Led Programs And Services To Support Formerly Incarcerated Individuals In Canada, Ardavan Eizadirad, Rai Reece

Education Faculty Publications

Decolonizing re-entry programs require rethinking traditional approaches in supporting formerly incarcerated individuals and challenging colonial and deficit frameworks embedded in the criminal legal system, which often has an exclusive focus on punishment. This article names the risk factors and systemic barriers faced by equity-denied individuals during reintegration with a focus on the Canadian context. Two community-led programs in Ontario are highlighted as innovative case studies for effectively supporting reintegration of individuals exiting carceral institutions. Key characteristics of these programs which are offered by the Youth Association for Academics, Athletics, and Character Education (YAAACE) and Walls to Bridges (W2B) are outlined. …

Logging And Telemetry Gap Identification Of Remote Vulnerability Exploitation, Ryan Holeman

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

This research study conducts an analysis and provides a method for the measurement of the effectiveness of various logging standards through a design science methodology with an applied experimentation evaluation. The design science method of this research introduces a purpose-created tool, the Security Exploit Telemetry Collection (SETC) framework, to provide a robust lab environment that records rich, repeatable, and highly configurable security telemetry of attacks against vulnerable services. The framework achieves the collection of security telemetry by hosting and exploiting vulnerable services in a controlled container environment. The applied experimentation component of this research utilizes data produced by SETC to …

C2prober: A Framework To Identify And Label C2 Frameworks, Subash Adhikari

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

Fingerprinting refers to the process of identifying detailed information about a system, a technique employed by both defenders and attackers. Active fingerprinting is crucial for identifying dynamic and short-lived Command and Control (C2) infrastructure. Although passive fingerprinting techniques are widely used in security, active fingerprinting enhances visibility by directly interacting with target systems and servers. Existing detection methods, whether passive monitoring or active probing, identify servers as malicious but rarely attribute them to a specific framework. This study aimed to design and validate an active fingerprinting artifact, C2PROBER, capable of identifying and labeling open-source C2 frameworks through HTTP and TLS …

Detection Of Malicious Office Document Macros Using Large Language Models, Mahesh Kalappattil

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

Microsoft office document malwares are prevalent today even though some of the macros were developed 30 years ago. The office macros are used as droppers or downloaders for emerging malwares. Though various models have been developed to detect the office document macros, the interpretability and attribution of the model results are not gained attention. Also, even though the models provide high accuracy, the probabilistic uncertainty the models are not addressed either.

This research provides a novel method to classify malicious office document macros measuring interpretability, attribution and probabilistic uncertainty. Our approach combines the function semantics and keyword contexts to leverage …

Adaptive And Scalable Edge-Based Weed Classification Through Distilled Mixture Of Experts And Metric Learning, Abderrezak Allalen

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

Modern agricultural vision systems must identify weeds reliably while working with very little labeled data and under strict limits on compute and memory. This dissertation introduces a few-shot weed recognition framework that combines a mixture of experts student with a strong teacher through knowledge distillation and task-conditioned routing. The teacher is a partially fine-tuned EfficientNet-B7 that produces high-quality embeddings. The student consists of lightweight expert backbones drawn from MobileNetV3, ShuffleNetV2, and EfficientNet-B0. A routing gate summarizes the support set of each episode into a compact context vector and uses that context together with image features to select the most suitable …

Improving Regulatory Notice, Joshua Ulan Galperin, E. Donald Elliott

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Effective notice of law is the cornerstone of any legal system, and yet many federal administrative agencies do not give small businesses, NGOs, and interested citizens notice of the vast amount of new or modified law they produce. They merely publish the text in the Federal Register, which works tolerably well for larger enterprises but not their smaller competitors and citizens' groups. Despite these facts, few scholars have explored how agencies provide notice of the law. Even fewer have proposed ways that agencies could improve the methods they use for giving more effective notice of significant regulatory changes and thereby …

Remorse For Discrimination: The Role Of Group Dominance In Judging Hate Crimes Against Subordinate Group Members, Andrés Gvirtz, Patrick F. Kotzur, Andrew Stewart, Felicia Pratto

Psychology

Power, especially in the court system, is a potent determinant of intergroup relationships. Blind justice being only an ideal, public opinion can influence whether harm to low power groups is considered criminal and should be prosecuted. Our experiments investigated the impact of social dominance orientation (SDO) on the perceived appropriateness of punishment for harm to subordinate group members by dominant group members. Further, we examined the moderating role of a remorseful apology. We argue that perpetrators who do not show remorse towards their less powerful victim might be judged less harshly by those scoring high in SDO. Apologizing for the …

Acosta V. State, 141 Nev. Adv. Op. (Sept. 2025), Natalie D'Ambrosia

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

No abstract provided.

Clinicopathological Significance Of Immunohistochemical Expression Of Sox2 Protein In Urothelial Carcinoma Of Urinary Bladder In A Sample Of Iraqi Patients, Zainab Raheem, Ali Naji

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

AbstractBackground:Bladder carcinoma is the tenth most common carcinoma worldwide. It is one of the most common ten malignancies in Iraq. Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor. It plays an essential role in cell fate determination. Aberrant expression of SOX2 has been reported in many types of carcinomas SOX2 expression is said to be associated with tumor progression.Objective:To evaluate the prognostic impact of SOX2 immunohistochemical expression in the urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.Materials and methods:This is a retrospective study of fifty patients with urothelial carcinoma of bladder carried out in the Babylon Training Center for Histopathology …

Citizen Led Initiatives - Constitutional Amendments & Statutes, Priya Baskaran

Research Reports & White Papers

50-state survey of provisions for amending state constitutions.

A Descriptive-Correlational Analysis Of Environmental Awareness And Practices Among College Students Of Occidental Mindoro State College, Rica Abigail T. Dagos, Rizzi Angelica D. Cleofe

Journal Article

Higher education institutions have an essential role in developing environmental awareness and increasing the environmental practices of tertiary education students. As a state college in Occidental Mindoro, OMSC aims to produce graduates that are locally responsive to societal concerns, including environmental issues. This study aimed to provide relevant information about the environmental education of tertiary education students by analyzing the environmental awareness and practices of the students at Occidental Mindoro State College (OMSC). Using a descriptive-correlational design, the data was obtained from 259 students from various colleges. A four-part online survey questionnaire was used to determine the demographic profile, environmental …

2025-10-01 Caudill Connection, Morehead State University. Caudill College Of Arts, Humanities And Social Sciences.

Caudill Connection

Caudill Connection newsletter for October of 2025.

Full Issue, Volume 13, Number 2, James S. Bates, Donna J. Peterson Dr., Scott Cummings, Erin L. Martinez

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

No abstract provided.

The Future Of Virtual Proceedings In The Federal Courts, Jeremy Fogel, Mary S. Hoopes

Indiana Law Journal

The federal courts are notoriously hesitant to modify their procedures and policies. Much of this “small c” conservatism is driven by a concern that their rules be “trans-substantive” and suited to a wide range of circumstances. For years, they stubbornly resisted allowing remote proceedings and similar uses of technology in the courtroom because of concerns that permitting them could affect the quality of lawyering and decision-making, compromise the safety of jurors and witnesses, and diminish the public’s perception of the courts. The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly changed this, forcing judges to alter radically the way they conducted proceedings.

Nearly five years …

The Siren Song Of Territoriality, Robin J. Effron, Alan M. Trammell

Indiana Law Journal

Territoriality—the theory that a state’s physical borders determine its power and sovereignty—boasts a long, venerable history. For centuries, it served as the dominant political theory for myriad ideas. It defined a wide range of doctrines, including personal jurisdiction, choice of law, and prescriptive jurisdiction. By the middle of the twentieth century, though, this rigid territoriality no longer described or responded to the challenges of a society that had grown increasingly mobile and interconnected. Courts replaced inflexible territorial theories with more functional theories rooted in fairness and state regulatory interests.

In recent years, territoriality has seen a curious resurgence. The Supreme …

A Municipal Finance Theory Of Local Government, Michael A. Francus

Indiana Law Journal

The United States is awash in local governments. Not only does every state create local governments, but every state relies on those local governments to carry out the day-to-day functions of government. These local governments, though, are not the state. They are distinct legal entities vested with their own legal personhood. That is, they sue and are sued, they own property, and they enter into contracts—all in their own names.

Many rich accounts detail the historical reasons why local governments arose. But a different, theoretical question remains: What can a state achieve with local governments that it cannot achieve without …

Uni Schedule Of Classes: Policies And Procedures, Fall 2025, University Of Northern Iowa

UNI Schedule of Classes

A listing and schedule of the courses being taught as well as policies and procedures concerning attending classes at the University of Northern Iowa.

Discovering An Effective Disciple-Making Method For Men, Clifton J. Hefley

Doctor of Ministry (DMin)

This dissertation explores the development of an effective disciple-making method for men by integrating insights from early church discipleship practices and modern missional strategies such as Disciple Making Movements (DMM) and Church Planting Movements (CPM). Rooted in biblical theology and the teachings of the Patristic Fathers, the study evaluates how obediencebased, relational discipleship shaped early Christianity and compares it with contemporary missional frameworks promoted by leaders like David Garrison, Alan Hirsch, and Steve Addison. Against the backdrop of a sharp decline in church attendance and male engagement in Western Christianity, this research identifies the need for a reproducible, movement-oriented model …

Freshman Comp Ii Eng 24xx, Joao M. Da Silva

Open Educational Resources

This course uses a memoir to elicit themes related to addiction, family and interpersonal relationships. Additionally, it invites students to develop their own voices as they engage with academic discourse in the disciplines of psychology and addiction studies.

Investigation Of Its-Cvo Technologies, Mallory Brown, Andrew Martin, Valerie Keathley-Helil, Jennifer Walton

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Staff shortages and reduced budgets have made transportation agencies increasingly reliant on intelligent transportation systems (ITS) for commercial motor (CMV) vehicle enforcement activities. Technologies such as license plate readers, US Department of Transportation (USDOT) number readers, weigh-in-motion scales, static scales, and preclearance systems like PrePass and Drivewyze help automate enforcement and free up personnel to focus on inspecting those vehicles most likely to pose compliance and/or safety risks. To document adoption rates of different technologies, researchers surveyed transportation agencies, vendors, and law enforcement agencies. Surveys responses provided useful insights into how jurisdictions are approaching the use of advanced technologies to …