Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Law (362298)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (129594)
- Arts and Humanities (102140)
- Education (62350)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (40003)
-
- History (35351)
- Life Sciences (35233)
- Constitutional Law (35103)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (32537)
- Business (29898)
- Engineering (26632)
- Sociology (24342)
- Communication (23006)
- International Law (22863)
- Religion (21832)
- Criminal Law (20657)
- Higher Education (20124)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (17593)
- Political Science (17373)
- United States History (15478)
- Psychology (14040)
- Courts (12608)
- Intellectual Property Law (12273)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (12001)
- Library and Information Science (11554)
- State and Local Government Law (11283)
- Accounting (11261)
- Journalism Studies (11102)
- Environmental Law (10871)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (10811)
- Institution
-
- University of New Mexico (37085)
- Brigham Young University Law School (30303)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (28437)
- University of Mississippi (21463)
- University of South Florida (19011)
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (18997)
- University of Colorado Law School (16871)
- University of Michigan Law School (16370)
- University of Montana (16150)
- Fordham Law School (13109)
- UC Law SF (12012)
- University of New Hampshire (11550)
- University of Kentucky (11455)
- University of Chicago Law School (10186)
- Southern Methodist University (10150)
- Brigham Young University (9890)
- San Jose State University (9637)
- Louisiana State University (9557)
- Duke Law (9478)
- University of Central Florida (9394)
- UIdaho Law (9228)
- University of Denver (9122)
- University of South Carolina (9044)
- William & Mary Law School (9044)
- Eastern Illinois University (9035)
- University of North Dakota (8918)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (8662)
- Murray State University (8351)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (8092)
- Yeshiva University, Cardozo School of Law (7839)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (16162)
- Student newspaper (7458)
- Education (7069)
- History (6825)
- Newspapers (6049)
-
- EIU (5441)
- United States (5398)
- Law (5293)
- Spartan Daily (4490)
- Latin America (4437)
- Humans (4180)
- Bowling Green State University (4046)
- Spanish (4021)
- Constitutional law (3891)
- Pennsylvania (3891)
- University of New Mexico (3841)
- Eastern Illinois University (3831)
- Higher education (3818)
- UNM (3794)
- LADB (3792)
- LAII (3792)
- Latin American and Iberian Institute (3792)
- Daily Eastern News (3758)
- BG News (3691)
- Collegeville (3643)
- Politics (3324)
- Supreme Court (3269)
- N.M. (3259)
- Student newspapers (3190)
- Periodicals (3185)
- Publication Year
-
- 2026 (22783)
- 2025 (30313)
- 2024 (32702)
- 2023 (29225)
- 2022 (32379)
-
- 2021 (32082)
- 2020 (31251)
- 2019 (30725)
- 2018 (31175)
- 2017 (32224)
- 2016 (32930)
- 2015 (32860)
- 2014 (31680)
- 2013 (31605)
- 2012 (33112)
- 2011 (27175)
- 2010 (25838)
- 2009 (24430)
- 2008 (22488)
- 2007 (20267)
- 2006 (20516)
- 2005 (18705)
- 2004 (17710)
- 2003 (15837)
- 2002 (14560)
- 2001 (14542)
- 2000 (13875)
- 1999 (12641)
- 1998 (12791)
- 1992 (12440)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (18297)
- Faculty Scholarship (15961)
- Faculty Publications (12452)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (10297)
- Articles (10018)
-
- Michigan Law Review (8430)
- Dissertations (7322)
- Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All (5567)
- Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006) (5390)
- Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (through 1995) (5275)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (5177)
- Santa Fe New Mexican, 1883-1913 (5005)
- Utah Supreme Court Briefs (1965 –) (4915)
- Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues) (4788)
- North Carolina Law Review (4554)
- Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications) (4297)
- Fordham Law Review (4293)
- Theses (4252)
- Louisiana Law Review (4178)
- Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (4145)
- Masters Theses (4116)
- St. John's Law Review (4050)
- Session Laws 2001-Present (4038)
- Montana Kaimin, 1898-present (4027)
- Master's Theses (3979)
- University of Chicago Law Review (3957)
- Denver Law Review (3842)
- BG News (Student Newspaper) (3708)
- Indiana Law Journal (3615)
- Faculty Articles (3484)
- Publication Type
Articles 19621 - 19650 of 1194894
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Dammed If You Do: Should The Government Be Liable For Hurricane Flooding And Other Natural Disasters?, Lior Jacob Strahilevitz
Dammed If You Do: Should The Government Be Liable For Hurricane Flooding And Other Natural Disasters?, Lior Jacob Strahilevitz
Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series
When hurricanes, wildfires, and other natural disasters strike, government officials must make difficult decisions under time pressure and amidst uncertainty over how best to save lives and mitigate the resulting damage to private property. Sometimes landowners who do not second-guess the appropriateness of those decisions made in exigent circumstances nonetheless insist that the government should foot the bill for the resulting destruction. In a 2025 opinion (Ablan) and a 2022 decision (Milton), both involving flooding damage resulting from Hurricane Harvey, the Federal Circuit articulated an expansive vision of government liability under the Takings Clause that can be squared with neither …
The Effects Of Tax Evasion On Inequality, David A. Weisbach, Thomas Coleman
The Effects Of Tax Evasion On Inequality, David A. Weisbach, Thomas Coleman
Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series
To estimate inequality from tax data, researchers must allocate misreported income (e.g., evasion) to individuals. Misreported income, however, is not directly observed. Recovering true income therefore requires identifying assumptions about the joint distribution of true income and reporting, and these assumptions can substantially change estimated top income shares. A central reason is that membership in the reported top group is selected on compliance, an unobservable, so the composition of the reported top depends on assumptions the data alone cannot settle. We develop a computational framework that makes these assumptions explicit and clarifies how they shape estimates of inequality.We show that …
Performing Within Performance: Gender Nonconformity In Drama, Eliana Lazzaro
Performing Within Performance: Gender Nonconformity In Drama, Eliana Lazzaro
Student Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Technology, Capabilities, And Power In The Indian Political Economy: A History Of Growth Without Development, Apremeya Sudarshan
Technology, Capabilities, And Power In The Indian Political Economy: A History Of Growth Without Development, Apremeya Sudarshan
Student Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Economics Of Marriage, Sofia Vuong
Heidegger And Eco-Anxiety: Constructing Ways To Deal With Eco-Anxiety Through Interpretations Of Heidegger, Leif Gajkowski
Heidegger And Eco-Anxiety: Constructing Ways To Deal With Eco-Anxiety Through Interpretations Of Heidegger, Leif Gajkowski
Student Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Trade Composition And Economic Growth In Vietnam: Evidence From Sectoral Bilateral Trade With The United States And China, Truc Hoang
Student Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Women Redefining Leadership In Sport, Violet Mitchell
Women Redefining Leadership In Sport, Violet Mitchell
Student Scholarship
Food Sovereignty In Urban And Ex-Urban Communities, Ravyn Jones
Food Sovereignty In Urban And Ex-Urban Communities, Ravyn Jones
Student Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Imagining The Midwest Online: Place, Belonging, And The Rhetoric Of Official City Websites, Minh Chau Anh Nguyen
Imagining The Midwest Online: Place, Belonging, And The Rhetoric Of Official City Websites, Minh Chau Anh Nguyen
Student Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Tax Evasion On Inequality, Thomas S. Coleman, David Weisbach
The Effects Of Tax Evasion On Inequality, Thomas S. Coleman, David Weisbach
Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers
To estimate inequality from tax data, researchers must allocate misreported income (e.g., evasion) to individuals. Misreported income, however, is not di- rectly observed. Recovering true income therefore requires identifying assump- tions about the joint distribution of true income and reporting, and these assump- tions can substantially change estimated top income shares. A central reason is that membership in the reported top group is selected on compliance, an un- observable, so the composition of the reported top depends on assumptions the data alone cannot settle. We develop a computational framework that makes these assumptions explicit and clarifies how they shape estimates …
Design Principles For Customer-Engaging Digital Service Systems: An Action Research Study, Keng Leng Siau, Xiaofeng Chen, Xin Tan
Design Principles For Customer-Engaging Digital Service Systems: An Action Research Study, Keng Leng Siau, Xiaofeng Chen, Xin Tan
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Digital services represent a business approach employed by organizations to operate in the digital environment. However, systematic development guidelines for developing quality digital service systems are lacking in the literature. The authors identified four general challenges for developing and implementing customer-engaging digital service systems (CEDSS). By employing the method of canonical action research in a digital service system project, they derived 10 design principles for developing high-quality CEDSS. They empirically evaluated the design principles in the development project and through follow-up focus group sessions. The design principles provide applicable and actionable guidelines for the development of CEDSS.
Freedom Of Expression Protection And Corporate Concealment Of Bad News: Evidence From State Anti-Slapp Laws, Jimmy Lee, Shaphan Ng, Il Sun Yoo, Liandong Zhang
Freedom Of Expression Protection And Corporate Concealment Of Bad News: Evidence From State Anti-Slapp Laws, Jimmy Lee, Shaphan Ng, Il Sun Yoo, Liandong Zhang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
The protection of free speech enhances the ability of various public stakeholders to disseminate privately observed adverse information about public firms, making it difficult for corporate managers to conceal negative information about their companies. Using the staggered enactment of anti strategic lawsuit against public participation (anti-SLAPP) laws across U.S. states as a shock that strengthens free speech protection, we show that stronger protection is associated with less concealment of bad news. This is evidenced by a lower likelihood of stock price crashes, a decreased probability of accounting fraud, and an increased frequency of firm-initiated negative press releases. These results are …
Does Auditor Quality Enhance Csr Disclosure?, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo, Yanping Xu
Does Auditor Quality Enhance Csr Disclosure?, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo, Yanping Xu
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We investigate the relation between auditor quality and client firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. Using an international sample of firms from 36 countries over the period 2009–2018 and a measure of the extent of CSR disclosure from Bloomberg, we find strong evidence that client firms with higher quality auditors provide more CSR disclosure. In cross-sectional analyses, we show that the relation between auditor quality and CSR disclosure is accentuated when the information environment is poorer and when the financial reporting environment and the legal institutions are weaker. Lastly, we document that firms with higher quality auditors also exhibit better …
A Meaningful Theory: 25 Years Of Relational Dialectics Theory In The Journal Of Family Communication, Lindsey J. Thomas, Kristina M. Scharp
A Meaningful Theory: 25 Years Of Relational Dialectics Theory In The Journal Of Family Communication, Lindsey J. Thomas, Kristina M. Scharp
Faculty Publications - Communications
In commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the Journal of Family Communication (JFC), the present essay celebrates two and a half decades of relational dialectics theory (RDT) in JFC, highlighting the reciprocal relationship between theory and journal. The authors, both of whom have a breadth of experience in conducting RDT research, first provide a history of RDT and an overview of key terms and assumptions. The essay then traces the history of RDT through the first 25 volumes of JFC. A review of the RDT-based original research articles in JFC turns an eye toward the family …
Does It Matter Who Tells The Story? Newspaper Coverage Of Immigration Across Three Latin American Countries, Fernando Severino, Sebastian Rivera
Does It Matter Who Tells The Story? Newspaper Coverage Of Immigration Across Three Latin American Countries, Fernando Severino, Sebastian Rivera
Faculty Publications - Communications
This study examines the news media’s coverage of intraregional immigration issues in three Latin American countries –Colombia, Chile, and Mexico– from 2014 to 2018, when immigration became a salient political issue in these nations. We examine the news coverage by utilizing a novel sample of approximately 20,000 news articles and relying on a Structure Topic Modelling (STM) analysis to detect the most prevalent topics in the news. Our findings reveal that policy issues and stories related to human rights constitute the primary focus of news media coverage on immigration in those countries. We also investigate whether there are differences in …
Understanding Parents’ Information Seeking About Adolescents’ Use Of Social Apps Using Theory Of Motivated Information Management, Aimee E. Miller-Ott, Lynne Kelly, Caleb T. Carr
Understanding Parents’ Information Seeking About Adolescents’ Use Of Social Apps Using Theory Of Motivated Information Management, Aimee E. Miller-Ott, Lynne Kelly, Caleb T. Carr
Faculty Publications - Communications
Many parents have concerns about what their adolescent children are doing online, including potential risks of their tweens and teens encountering people who may want to harm them. Some fear they do not know what their children are doing online and may be motivated to seek information to alleviate their uncertainty. This study applied the theory of motivated information management (TMIM) to examine parents’ information management process amid feelings of uncertainty surrounding their adolescent children’s use of social apps. Respondents (N =146) were parents/caregivers of adolescent children recruited using Prolific to complete a survey measuring the components of TMIM …
The Ruse Of Reconstruction; Or Notes On America’S Perpetual Abdication Of Racial Equality, Stephen E. Rahko, Byron B. Craig
The Ruse Of Reconstruction; Or Notes On America’S Perpetual Abdication Of Racial Equality, Stephen E. Rahko, Byron B. Craig
Faculty Publications - Communications
A central component of American inequality has been the persistence of the racial wealth gap between White and Black Americans. In this essay we seek to understand how the racial wealth gap has been rhetorically framed as an unsolvable problem by examining the arguments opponents of structural reforms in the pursuit of racial equality have advanced. We argue that opponents of racial equality and justice have relied on a two-part rhetorical strategy that, first, frames the racial wealth gap as natural and thus no problem at all and, second, derides the pursuit of racial equality as a zero-sum competition wherein …
Bodies, Bottles, And Emotions: Emotional–Material Tensions In Exclusive Pumping, Jessica M. Rick
Bodies, Bottles, And Emotions: Emotional–Material Tensions In Exclusive Pumping, Jessica M. Rick
Faculty Publications - Communications
Exclusive pumping (i.e., providing breast milk solely via pumping) is increasingly common in the United States, yet remains largely invisible in public discourse. This study uses photo-elicitation interviews to examine how exclusive pumping mothers narrate the emotional and material tensions of their feeding journeys. Participants’ photographs revealed profound pride in sustaining breast milk for their children, alongside frustration at not nursing “naturally.” Participants also documented the substantial responsibilities, financial costs, and emotional labor inherent in exclusive pumping. Despite these challenges, mothers framed their experiences through cultural narratives of intensive and total motherhood, positioning exclusive pumping as a morally and socially …
Netflix And Feel: Cultivating Fandom And Identity Through Sports Docuseries, Jessica L. Payne
Netflix And Feel: Cultivating Fandom And Identity Through Sports Docuseries, Jessica L. Payne
Faculty Publications - Communications
This work investigated how parasocial relationships (PSRs), audience behaviors, and sports docuseries consumption jointly shape today’s sports fandom. The research utilized a combination of social identity theory (SIT) with PSR, conducting a survey of 277 participants to test a moderated mediation model (Hayes PROCESS Model 7). This model examined the relationships between PSRs, docuseries consumption, fandom, and behavioral engagement outcomes such as intent to recommend, cross-platform engagement, multi-platform viewing habits and brand engagement, live engagement and event intentions, intent to continue viewing, and fan conversion. This research contributed to SIT by demonstrating how streaming platforms and docuseries offer a different …
“I Know How To Identify And Communicate My Needs”: A Qualitative Study Of The Self-Perceived Strengths Of People In Polyamorous Relationships, Alexander K. Tatum, Sharon M. Flicker, Nawar Albarak, Jessi M. Schroeder, Ash Moomaw, Idil Ugurluoglu, Alex Whitman, Alysse Wiggins, Danielle Davis, Robyn Fisher
“I Know How To Identify And Communicate My Needs”: A Qualitative Study Of The Self-Perceived Strengths Of People In Polyamorous Relationships, Alexander K. Tatum, Sharon M. Flicker, Nawar Albarak, Jessi M. Schroeder, Ash Moomaw, Idil Ugurluoglu, Alex Whitman, Alysse Wiggins, Danielle Davis, Robyn Fisher
Faculty Publications – Psychology
Little empirical research has adopted a strength-based approach to examine strategies that help offset challenges (e.g., discrimination, internalized stigma) faced by people in polyamorous relationships. The current qualitative study assessed the self-perceived strengths of 63 US-based, adult participants who reported present or former engagement in at least one polyamorous relationship. Participants' responded to the open-ended question, “What particular characteristics do you have that help you navigate the challenges of polyamory?” A thematic analysis identified strengths across eight broad themes: personality traits, a willingness to challenge mononormative socialization, ability to manage difficult emotions, experiencing compersion and/or low levels of/well-managed jealousy, strong …
Adolescent Daily Critical Action During The 2024 Us Election, Jacqueline Cerda-Smith, Sholeh Najafian, Shevaun D. Neupert, Kelly Lynn Mulvey
Adolescent Daily Critical Action During The 2024 Us Election, Jacqueline Cerda-Smith, Sholeh Najafian, Shevaun D. Neupert, Kelly Lynn Mulvey
Faculty Publications – Psychology
The 2024 US election was stressful. Taking critical actions (i.e., behaviors that address social or economic inequality) may reduce or exacerbate election stress and negative emotions. This daily diary study, spanning 20 consecutive days throughout the 2024 election, takes an exploratory and descriptive approach to understand adolescents’ daily critical action and its association with political stress and emotions. Participants (N = 32, Mage = 15.53, SD = 1.19), most of whom were White (59.4%), female (62.5%) and Democrat (71.9%), reported taking critical action frequently, especially before and a few days following the election. Participants were more likely to …
Standing's Fourth Prong, F. Andrew Hessick
Standing's Fourth Prong, F. Andrew Hessick
Faculty Publications
This response argues that the Supreme Court’s familiar three-part test for Article III standing fails to capture an important principle underlying the Court’s actual decisions: that the cause of a plaintiff’s injury matters, not merely the existence, traceability, and redressability of that injury. Responding to Ernest A. Young’s proposal, in Uncertain Enforcement and Standing to Sue, 106 B.U. L. Rev. 915 (2026), to broaden standing for pre-enforcement challenges by treating behavioral changes caused by an allegedly unconstitutional law as cognizable injuries, this response agrees that Young’s approach satisfies standing doctrine as formally articulated but doubts that the Supreme Court …
Beyond Access: Black Women Alumnae’S Perspectives On Navigating Russell Group Universities As Undergraduates In The United Kingdom, Varaidzo Felistus Kativhu
Beyond Access: Black Women Alumnae’S Perspectives On Navigating Russell Group Universities As Undergraduates In The United Kingdom, Varaidzo Felistus Kativhu
CGU Theses & Dissertations
This qualitative study examines the lived experiences of Black British women who attended Russell Group universities, investigating how they navigated identity, belonging, racism, and institutional support within elite higher education. The study was guided by three research questions: how Black women experienced identity and belonging in these environments; what survival and resistance strategies they developed in response; and what institutional changes they recommend to better support Black women students. Drawing on Black Feminist Thought (Collins, 2000), Strayhorn’s (2018) sense of belonging framework, and Tuck’s (2009) desire-based research framework, the study employed a phenomenological methodology adapted from Seidman (2019). The research …
Shaping Shakespeare: How American Shakespeare Festivals Adapt Shakespeare’S Texts In The Twenty-First Century, Paul Jacques
Shaping Shakespeare: How American Shakespeare Festivals Adapt Shakespeare’S Texts In The Twenty-First Century, Paul Jacques
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Shakespeare’s continued importance in American festival settings stems from adaptive and collaborative processes. In this study, adaptation refers to any reinterpretation of Shakespeare's works for contemporary contexts, while collaboration refers to the combined creative efforts among artists and institutions. These processes, including reinterpretation, modernization, and partnership, propel performance and underpin Shakespeare festivals. Such festivals play a central role, balancing cultural prestige with institutional sustainability by prioritizing long-term viability and financial health. At the same time, festivals respond to local audiences' beliefs and interests. Instead of presenting static versions, these institutions continually interpret, revise, and adapt the canon, the authoritative collection …
Strategies That Work: Lessons From Women In Mid- And Senior-Level Information Technology Leadership For Building Inclusive Organizational Cultures, Kashalett Y. Foster
Strategies That Work: Lessons From Women In Mid- And Senior-Level Information Technology Leadership For Building Inclusive Organizational Cultures, Kashalett Y. Foster
Doctor of Education Dissertations
This mixed methods convergent parallel study explored the leadership experiences of women in mid-level and senior-level roles within the information technology (IT) industry in the United States. Grounded in the Feminist Theory and Glass Ceiling Theory, the study examined workplace factors influencing professional growth, organizational environments, coping mechanisms, and retention strategies. Quantitative data were collected using the Gender Bias in the Workplace Scale (GBWS) and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square goodness-of-fit tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings revealed that mentorship, sponsorship, informal networks, and self-advocacy …
Theology Of Moosa’S Significance In The Quran From A Unique Perspective Of A Muslim Student In The United States, Kashif J. Farooqi
Theology Of Moosa’S Significance In The Quran From A Unique Perspective Of A Muslim Student In The United States, Kashif J. Farooqi
CGU Theses & Dissertations
As a Muslim studying Islam in the United States of America, I want my paper to focus on the holy book of Muslims, the Quran. Specifically, my focus will be to discuss the significance of Moosa or Moses in the Quran, with a theological perspective. I will answer the following question regarding Moosa in the Quran. Is the mention of Moosa in the Quran linked to the Jewish influence on Muhammad and if not, what is the reason of Moosa being mentioned so many times in the Quran? To answer the above question, I will explore two aspects of Moosa …
Rethinking The Fund Termination Sanction, Samuel R. Bagenstos
Rethinking The Fund Termination Sanction, Samuel R. Bagenstos
Articles
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is often referred to as the “sleeping giant” of civil rights law. It is a “giant” because it prohibits any form of race discrimination engaged in by any recipient of federal financial assistance, and because the remedy set forth in the statute for a violation is the termination of federal funds. And it is “sleeping” because, except for a brief moment during the desegregation era, the federal government had never seriously attempted to terminate a recipient’s federal grants for a violation of the statute. Nor had the federal government seriously attempted …
Reverse Discrimination And Other Racial Projects, Osamudia James
Reverse Discrimination And Other Racial Projects, Osamudia James
Faculty Publications
The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Ames v. Ohio Department of Youth Services abandoned historical context when assessing discrimination allegations, thus clearing remaining obstacles to reverse discrimination lawsuits. Reverse discrimination claims challenge equal protection jurisprudence, presenting whites as victims of racial subordination in claims that can be difficult to adjudicate if historical context is no longer a litmus test. Reverse discrimination claims also function as a white racial project—an attempt to represent and explain white racial identity in ways that redistribute societal resources to reflect a racial hierarchy that still benefits whites. A white racial project, however, is not unique. …
"For Their Benefit": The Lost History Of Parental Consent And Minors' Rights, Naomi Cahn, Maxine Eichner, Mary Ziegler
"For Their Benefit": The Lost History Of Parental Consent And Minors' Rights, Naomi Cahn, Maxine Eichner, Mary Ziegler
Faculty Publications
The principle of parental involvement is nonpartisan: Red and blue states agree that parents should generally be involved in the lives of their children. Meanwhile, the goal of children’s well-being—which may sometimes be at odds with parental involvement—has become a touchstone for legal reform efforts across a variety of domains. The embrace of both the goals of children’s well-being and parents’ rights to be involved in decision-making regarding their children conceals deeply contested questions about when, why, and how the law should require parental consent of minors’ decisions.
Drawing on archival material housed at six different universities, we make sense …