Digital Commons Network^™

Translational Barriers To Aav And Crispr Gene Therapy In Diabetes, Abdulrahman G. Alharbi

Saudi Medical Journal

Gene therapy targets diabetes pathophysiology rather than symptoms, yet clinical translation is slower than preclinical success. This review synthesizes 143 registered trials (ClinicalTrials.gov, 2010-2025) identifying systematic implementation barriers. Despite >15 years of development, 83% of trials remain in Phase I-II. Only zimislecel achieved Phase III outcomes (83% insulin independence at 12 months, n=12, requiring immunosuppression). VM202 for diabetic neuropathy failed Phase III despite positive extension results. Three systematic barriers emerged: (1) human transduction efficiency is 6-8.7-fold lower than preclinical models; (2) pre-existing immunity excludes 58-78% of candidates; (3) manufacturing capacity serves <2.5% of target population (40-400 years to treat at maximum capacity). These constraints explain why ex vivo cell therapies advanced to efficacy trials while in vivo gene delivery remains in Phase I despite longer development timelines. Research priorities should emphasize non-viral delivery systems offering scalable manufacturing and universal hypoimmune donor cells to address access barriers.

Rehabilitation Outcomes Of Pediatric Burn Survivors In Saudi Arabia: A Thematic Narrative Review And Policy Implications, Abdulaziz Ghandurah, Mshari Alghadier

Saudi Medical Journal

Pediatric burns in Saudi Arabia are predominantly household scalds in young children, causing long-term disability from scarring, contractures, pain/itch, psychosocial distress, and disrupted schooling. This thematic narrative review (2010–2025) synthesizes global and regional evidence, appraises outcome measures with attention to Arabic availability, and translates findings into Vision 2030–aligned policy actions. Evidence supports early, multidisciplinary care anchored in standardized outcome tracking. Pressure-garment therapy remains inconclusive, whereas virtual reality reduces procedural pain and telerehabilitation serves families distant from tertiary centers. A minimum national outcome set is proposed spanning scar quality (VSS, POSAS), joint range of motion, age-appropriate pain and itch scales (FLACC/FPS-R/NRS), …

A Prosecutor’S Ethical Duty To Divert, Jordan Stevenson

Legal Writing Competition Winners

In an American courtroom, litigants are divided across an aisle, a gavel grants or divests rights, and a community takes sides. This creates a narrative of duality in the justice system, which many believe is vital to the adversarial legal system. A criminal trial is seen as perpetrator versus victim, but the legal posture is actually government versus individual. In fact, a prosecuting attorney has ethical obligations not just to victims, witnesses, and the broader community, but to defendants as well, in part due to their tremendous discretion to bring or dismiss criminal charges. A prosecutor’s power is far too …

Criminal Law Sunset Provisions As Racial Justice, Lucius T. Outlaw Iii

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

When Market Competition Becomes Fair Game: The Ftc's Non-Compete Ban And Its Legal Challenges, Kiera Stubbs

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Justice On Hold: Should Potential Innocence Unlock The Door To Compassionate Release, Luz Maria Payán

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

The Plra's Carceral Litigation Penalty, Alexander Afnán

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

May Federal Courts Create New Presumptions?, Emile J. Katz

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Pan V. Chen

All Decisions

The tenant initiated an HP proceeding alleging harassment and seeking correction of violations, which the Civil Court dismissed after a nonjury trial, determining that the incidents did not constitute harassment and the tenant's actions contributed to the hostile environment. The Appellate Term affirmed this final judgment, emphasizing that substantial deference is owed to the trial court's credibility findings and that the Civil Court's determination was adequately supported by the record. The appellate court found no basis to disturb the lower court's dismissal of the tenant's petition.

1122 Ocean Llc V. Richards

All Decisions

Court granted respondent's motion to dismiss this nonpayment petition for failure to comply with the Williams Consent Decree, which requires landlords of tenants holding NYCHA Section 8 vouchers to notify the agency of the proposed eviction proceeding and the basis for it prior to commencing the proceeding.

The Development Of Poker As A Sport In Japan: Intersections With Culture, Law And Public Administration, And Community, Masatoshi Minowa

Japanese Society and Culture

This study examines the emergence of poker as a competitive mind sport in Japan, a country where strict anti-gambling laws (Penal Code Article 185) prohibit cash wagering. Drawing on secondary materials—including newspaper and magazine reports, and online media—as well as primary data from Poker Guild Corporation and interviews with the Kamiichi Town Planning Division, the research applies established theoretical frameworks (Getz & Page’s event tourism, Putnam’s social capital, Reith’s techno-economic systems) to analyze the distinctive evolution of Japanese poker culture. Findings reveal that tournament‐focused venue operations and the innovative Poker Web Coin system have fostered a nationwide network of skill‐based …

Healthcare Decision-Making In An Ageing Society: Legal, Policy, And Ethical Challenges In Japan, Yukio Sakurai

Japanese Society and Culture

This paper examines the evolving landscape of healthcare decision-making in Japan’s rapidly ageing society, with a focus on the legal, policy, and ethical challenges it entails. It analyzes the limitations of the adult guardianship system, the risks associated with family-dependent decision-making, and the underutilization of advance care planning (ACP). The study further considers how demographic shifts, advances in medical technology, and socio-legal inertia affect end-of-life care, particularly for individuals with diminished capacity. A central theme is the inherent ethical dilemma in balancing individual autonomy with Japan's cultural context, where explicit self-assertion can be challenging, especially for older adults. Cultural dimensions …

Institutional Transitions In The Employment Of Foreign Workers In Japan’S Agriculture And Food Manufacturing: From Technical Intern Training To Employment For Skill Development And Specified Skilled Worker In Comparison With The Uk, Tomoyuki Kuwaharada

Japanese Society and Culture

This paper investigates the institutional transition in Japan’s acceptance of foreign workers in the agriculture and food manufacturing sectors, focusing on the restructuring of entry-stage training schemes and their linkage to skill-based employment. In particular, it traces the shift from the Technical Intern Training Programme (TITP) to the Employment for Skill Development (ESD) Programme as the primary entry route, and examines how these institutional changes are embedded within the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) framework.

Drawing upon official statistics from 2012 to 2024 and sector-specific case studies, the analysis demonstrates that the introduction of the SSW status in 2019 marked a …

Freedom Of Expression And The Right To Protection Against Defamation: Cf. Handling Of The Libel Of The Criminal Law And The Libel Of The Civil Law, Masumi Shizawa

Japanese Society and Culture

This study reviews natures of the Constitution, Civil Code, and Criminal Code of Japan in terms of the right to protection against defamation, and explores the foundations thereof. The point of it is to clarify the nature of the right to protection against defamation as indicated in the Constitution. 　The right to protection against defamation, along with the right to privacy, has long been recognized as a personal right. While the right to privacy relates to the private domain, the right to protection against defamation relates to one’s social reputation. The Constitution of Japan does not clearly stipulate the right …

Gray V Diamond Property Management

All Decisions

In this HP proceeding, a tenant, a co-op shareholder, sought an order compelling the landlord (managing agent) to correct Housing Maintenance Code violations for lack of electricity and water leaks. The landlord moved to dismiss, arguing the proprietary lease assigned repair responsibility for interior conditions to the tenant. The court denied the landlord's motion, holding that cooperative corporations and their agents have a non-delegable statutory duty to correct health and safety violations, irrespective of the proprietary lease. The court also found the landlord failed to conclusively prove the violations did not originate from outside the unit, and ordered the landlord …

Adversary Complaint Re: Parish Property

Catholic Dioceses in Bankruptcy

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Michi-No-Eki (Roadside Stations) On The Regional Economy: An Input–Output Analysis Of Minamiboso City In Chiba Prefecture, Ryusaku Matsuo, Takeru Aizawa, Gon Jan, Wei Yuanxin, Masaharu Uchiyama, Gento Tagami

Japanese Society and Culture

This study quantitatively examines the economic impact of Michi-no-Eki (Roadside Stations) in Minamiboso City, Chiba Prefecture, using an input–output analysis based on the Chiba Prefectural Interindustry Table. Eight Michi-no-Eki were evaluated in terms of direct, indirect, and induced effects, including employment creation. The results show that the total production-inducing effect generated by the stations amounts to ¥7.02 billion per year, and the employment-inducing effect reaches 108.7 persons annually, indicating that Michi-no-Eki function as a central engine of the local economy. Moreover, thematic diversity among stations—such as loquat, flowers, and seafood—enhances multiplier effects through inter-sectoral linkages. These findings demonstrate that Michi-no-Eki …

Employment Contracts, Working Time, And The Well-Being Of Schoolteachers In Japan, Haojun Gong, Shinpei Sano

Japanese Society and Culture

This paper quantitatively analyzes trends in the working hours of schoolteachers in Japan using Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) data from three survey waves. The analysis focuses on differences between fixed-term and permanent employment contracts and on school environment variables, and their relationships with working hours and teacher well-being. Teachers on permanent contracts tend, on average, to work longer hours than those on fixed-term contracts, largely because of greater time spent on administrative duties and extracurricular activities. School environmental characteristics and principal leadership show only weak statistical associations with total working hours. Subjective job satisfaction is lower, and workload …

A Consideration Of Food In A Diversity Society, Masayo Morofushi

Japanese Society and Culture

In recent years, the number of foreign visitors such as tourists and businesspeople, and the number of foreign residents such as workers and international students, have been steadily increasing in Japan. However, the decrease in the number of foreign residents in Japan is relatively small compared to the number of foreign visitors to Japan, due to travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding restaurants, Japan has experienced diversity, progress, and cross-cultural understanding; however, these changes have been stagnant due to a decrease in the number of foreign visitors to Japan during the pandemic. Many natural disasters have recently occurred, and …

Exploring The Definition Of Child Poverty : For Consideration Of Legal Policy, Kazuko Ikeya, Fumie Adachi, Kazutoshi Imade

Japanese Society and Culture

We explore the definition of child poverty for consideration of legal policy.

Survey of the actual situation in local governments and private organizations concerning child poverty.

① Some parents don’t know how to prioritize their spending, and there are cases where parents don’t provide for their children.

② This cannot be addressed only with financial investment.

It is inappropriate to define child poverty only by low household income. It should also be

defined as whether children are being provided for through their development.

Social Security And The International Covenant On Human Rights: A Case Seeking The Dismissal Of Public Assistance Application Denial, Hiroshi Saito

Japanese Society and Culture

Using the case of rejection of request for medical assistance made by an undocumented resident in Japan, I considered the applicability of the International Covenant on Human Rights to social security. The central issue here is whether the distinction between Japanese nationals and foreign nationals for reasons of national finances is reasonable and objective. In conclusion, determining reasonable and objective criteria requires a comprehensive approach that goes beyond legal interpretation. The process must consider broader factors, including Japan’s role in the international community and the global trend toward advancing human rights protections.

Bodies At Risk When Choice Is A Privilege: Women’S Reproductive Healthcare Accessibility And Health Outcomes Since The Dobbs (2022) Ruling, Dallas Bonnet

Undergraduate Theses

Existing literature has well-documented the disproportionate effects of abortion restrictions upon socioeconomically disadvantaged women and women of color. This thesis builds on that work by exploring the relationship between state-level abortion restrictions and women’s self-reported health, as well as state-level infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates. This project breaks these relationships down into three separate studies: Study 1 investigates the effect that abortion restrictions have on women’s self perceptions of health. Study 2 assesses the impact of abortion restrictions on infant mortality rates. Study 3 inspects the impact of abortion restrictions on maternal mortality rates. The primary independent variable …

Christina Lopez-Villeda V. Attorney General United States Of America

2026 Decisions

Agency

Stephenson V. Lucenti

All Decisions

In a nonpayment proceeding involving an unregulated month-to-month tenancy, the Civil Court dismissed the landlord's petition due to the landlord's failure to appear. The landlord moved to vacate the dismissal, arguing excusable law office failure and a meritorious claim. The Civil Court denied the motion, citing a lack of a lease. The Appellate Term reversed, holding that counsel's mis-calendaring was a reasonable excuse and that a potentially meritorious claim for unpaid rent under an oral month-to-month agreement existed. The court granted the landlord's motion to vacate and reinstated the petition.

Egbert V. Boule, Fisher V. Hollingsworth, And The Death Of Bivens:Rethinking Civil Rights Remedies For Federal Prisoners, Joseph D. Sclesky

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Due Process And Press Credentialing, Nicole J. Ligon

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Receptor-Mediated Drug Delivery: Redefining Targeted Drug Conjugates In Oncology, Keon Niles Jafari, Charlene Chai, Shelby Kim, Kamaljit Kaur

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Targeted drug delivery (TDD), specifically through targeting ligand–drug conjugates, has reshaped oncology by enabling selective delivery of cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells while minimizing uptake by normal tissues. A key approach relies on exploiting overexpressed cell surface receptors (CSRs) to enable selective uptake of drug conjugates via receptor-mediated endocytosis. This review delineates four clinically validated CSRs (HER2, Trop-2, Nectin-4, and SSTR2) with several FDA-approved drug conjugates. Furthermore, emerging CSRs (EGFR, DLL3, and keratin 1) that may support next-generation TDD platforms for cancer treatment are also highlighted. We discuss how CSR type, density on cancer cells, and its mechanism of endocytosis, …

Converting The Social Security Trust Fund Into A Sovereign Wealth Fund: A Proposal To Secure The Future, Keanu Moore

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

This thesis proposes the conversion of the Social Security Trust Fund into a sovereign wealth fund (SWF), paired with the phased creation of a mandatory retirement savings system for all working-age Americans. In response to forecasts projecting Trust Fund depletion by 2034, the proposed portfolio shift would diversify assets beyond U.S. Treasuries into global equities, real estate, alternatives, and fixed income, with the goal of enhancing long-term returns while remaining passively managed. While this reform would extend the Fund’s solvency, it is not, on its own, a permanent fix. To ensure structural sustainability beyond the exhaustion date, the thesis proposes …

Assessing Flash Drought Development And Propagation Across The Contiguous United States Using Remote Sensing, Masoud Zeraati, Alireza Farahmand, Richard Seager, Hayley J. Fowler, Nima Madani, Nicholas Parazoo, Colin Manning, Christopher J. White, Yixin Wen, Ali Mehran, Amir Aghakouchak

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Flash droughts are characterized by rapid onset and intensification, with severe impacts on agriculture and ecosystems. They often begin as meteorological droughts and, if conditions worsen, evolve into agricultural droughts. While precipitation deficit is often the primary driver, atmospheric and hydrological anomalies can exacerbate flash drought development. This study characterizes flash droughts across the Contiguous United States using remote sensing data from 2003 to 2020. A combination of satellite-derived meteorological, agricultural, and ecological variables are used to investigate large-scale flash drought development. Events are defined using root-zone soil moisture. We used the Aridity Index to assess how background aridity influences …

Study Of Full-Process Funding Mechanisms Of National Research Institutes, Baicun Li, Ruhan A, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Funding mechanism is a crucial institutional guarantee for national research institutes to achieve their goals and fulfill their roles. Against the backdrop of new global challenges, such as geopolitical shifts, these institutions shoulder even greater responsibilities. Therefore, to better leverage their roles, this study addresses two key issues. What funding challenges do national research institutes currently face? And what are the characteristics of a funding mechanism that can meet their needs? To answer these questions, firstly, this study systematically analyzes the prominent problems faced by the funding mechanisms of national research institutes in China. Subsequently, it analyzes the characteristics of …