Digital Commons Network^™

Comparative Rights To Counsel And Access To Justice: The American And Brazilian Approaches And Realities, Fernanda Antunes Marques Junqueira, Flavio Da Costa Higa, Benjamin H. Barton

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

An Imperfect War: The Legality Of The 'Soleimani Strike' And Why The Biden Administration Should Adopt Its Precedent For Future Operations In Iraq And Afghanistan, Stephen Jackson

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Democratic Accountability In Stressful Times: When Decisions Must Be Made Quickly, Letizia Gianni

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Fre 402

Civil Matter Files

No abstract provided.

Fre 704

Civil Matter Files

No abstract provided.

Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operation V. Brown

Civil Matter Files

No abstract provided.

Hertz V. Friend

Civil Matter Files

No abstract provided.

Mann V. Castiel

Civil Matter Files

No abstract provided.

Mcintyre Machinery V. Nicastro

Civil Matter Files

No abstract provided.

Usa V. Alex Melendez

2023 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Claude Townsend, Jr. V. New Jersey Transit

2023 Decisions

USDC for the District of New Jersey

Oleg Zhuiko V. Attorney General United States Of America

2023 Decisions

Agency

Usa V. Aaron Davis

2023 Decisions

USDC for the District of Delaware

Sheila Jackson V. Septa

2023 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Bazedoxifene, Parth M. Raina, Mayur Parmar

HPD Articles

No abstract provided.

Paris James V. David Varano

2023 Decisions

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

Larval Dispersal Patterns And Connectivity Of Acropora On Florida’S Coral Reef And Its Implications For Restoration, Samantha King, Antoine Saint-Amand, Brian K. Walker, Emmanuel Hanert, Joana Figueiredo

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Since the 1980s, populations of Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata have experienced severe declines due to disease and anthropogenic stressors; resulting in their listing as threatened, and their need for restoration. In this study, larval survival and competency data were collected and used to calibrate a very high-resolution hydrodynamic model (up to 100m) to determine the dispersal patterns of Acropora species along the Florida’s Coral Reef. The resulting connectivity matrices was incorporated into a metapopulation model to compare strategies for restoring Acropora populations. This study found that Florida’s Coral Reef was historically a well-connected system, and that spatially selective restoration …

Frand Royalties: Rules V Standards?, Nicolas Petit, Amandine Léonard

Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property

Royalties for intellectual property (IP) are like taxes. Everyone agrees that some limits are necessary. However, no one agrees on the levels at which the limits should be set. One way to overcome disagreement consists in asking if a legal rule or standard should govern the limits of IP royalties. This paper discusses this issue in the context of Standard Essential Patents (“SEPs”) governed by a commitment to license on Fair Reasonable and Non Discriminatory (“FRAND”) terms. The paper finds that FRAND rules generally surpass standards, but only under specific conditions.

Wvu/Netl Econometric Input-Output (Ecio) Model Documentation Update, Randall Jackson, Peter Jarosi, Amanda Harker Steele, Smriti Sharma, Justin Adder

National Energy Technology Laboratory

No abstract provided.

Exception Of Unconstitutionality’S Conditions And Procedures On The Light Of Fundamental Law 22-19 That Determines The Procedures And Modes Of Notification And Referral Before The Constitutional Court, Nawel Lasledj, Lamia Hamamda

Journal of Police and Legal Sciences

As part of enhancing and activating the oversight of the constitutionality of laws in Algeria, the constitutional legislator introduced a new mechanism for challenging the constitutionality of laws called "the referral of unconstitutionality" in the constitutional amendment of 2016. This mechanism allows individuals to challenge the constitutionality of legislative provisions that violate rights and freedoms guaranteed by the constitution before the judiciary, which in turn refers them to the Constitutional Council if the conditions set forth in the constitutional amendment of 2016 and the organic law 18-16 on the procedures and methods of referral of unconstitutionality are met. Due to …

Property And Sovereignty In America: A History Of Title Registries & Jurisdictional Power, K-Sue Park

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This Article tells an untold history of the American title registry—a colonial bureaucratic innovation that, though overlooked and understudied, constitutes one of the most fundamental elements of the U.S. property system today. Prior scholars have focused exclusively on its role in catalyzing property markets, while mostly ignoring their main sources in the colonies -- expropriated lands and enslaved people. This analysis centers the institution’s work of organizing and “proving” claims that were not only individual but collective, to affirm encroachments on tribal nations’ lands and scaffold colonies’ tenuous but growing political, jurisdictional power. In other words, American property and property …

January 17 Roundtable Update, Jeffrey M. Wice, Piper Benedict, Marissa Zanfardino, Peter Friedrichs

Elections, Census & Redistricting Updates

No abstract provided.

From Ban To Approval: What Virginia's Facial Recognition Technology Law Gets Wrong, Alison Powers, Korica Simon, Jameson Spivack

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

Face recognition technology (FRT), in the context of law enforcement, is a complex investigative technique that includes a delicate interplay between machine and human. Compared to other biometric and investigative tools, it poses unique risks to privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties. At the same time, its use is generally unregulated and opaque. Recently, state lawmakers have introduced legislation to regulate face recognition technology, but this legislation often fails to account for the complexities of the technology, or to address the unique risks it poses. Using Virginia’s recently passed face recognition law and the legislative history behind it as an …

2021 Redistricting In Virginia: Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Reforms, Alex Keena

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

The redistricting cycle that followed the 2020 census provided the first test of Virginia’s redistricting reforms that were enacted when voters approved the constitutional amendment in the 2020 General Election. The centerpiece of these reforms is the bipartisan Virginia Redistricting Commission, comprised of eight citizen and eight legislator members. This article details how the 2021 redistricting occurred under the new reforms, and it evaluates the maps that were ultimately approved.

While the selection of the commissioners unfolded successfully and in accordance with the law, the work of the commission was mired by partisan fighting and dysfunction. Nevertheless, a statistical analysis …

Progress Interrupted: Virginia's Hesitant Movement To Landlord-Tenant Reform, Martin D. Wegbreit

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

In 2018, Virginia’s eviction crisis received national attention. Over the next three legislative sessions in 2019, 2020, and 2021, more than two dozen laws were enacted—a few on a temporary basis but most on a permanent basis—to be more fair, favorable, and friendly to tenants. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the Virginia Governor declaring a State of Emergency on March 12, 2020—the final day of the Regular Session of the Virginia General Assembly. The pandemic added urgency to an already accelerating movement toward landlord-tenant reform which had mustered bipartisan support. That progress dramatically halted in the 2022 Regular Session of …

Social Capital And The Nonprofit Infrastructure; An Ecological Study Of Child Maltreatment, Duncan J. Mayer

Student Scholarship

Child maltreatment is a significant social problem that responds to neighborhood conditions, including disorder and support. Using administrative sources with the census response rate and geocoded nonprofit tax forms in a cross-sectional ecological design (N = 443), this article explores two understudied supportive factors in neighborhoods: aggregate social capital and nonprofit organizations. A series of Poisson models show aggregate social capital and nonprofit density are negatively related to child maltreatment rates, while the relationship between social capital and child maltreatment rates varies by the number of nonprofits present in the neighborhood. The results provide new insights into the ecology of …

Ending Race-Based Pretextual Stops: Strategies For Eliminating America's Most Egregious Police Practice, Bradley R. Haywood

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

Pretextual policing is the practice of stopping motorists or pedestrians for minor offenses like traffic infractions in hopes of learning that the person stopped has committed a more serious crime. Pretextual policing is also the main reason Black Americans are so much more likely than white Americans to be subjected to encounters with law enforcement. Shockingly, even in its most explicitly racist form, pretextual policing does not violate the Fourth Amendment’s proscription against unreasonable searches and seizures. In fact, police can pull a driver over merely because he is Black without violating the Fourth Amendment, so long as the officer …

The Voting Rights Act Of Virginia: Overcoming A History Of Voter Discrimination, Senator Jennifer L. Mcclellan

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

While Virginia is the birthplace of American democracy, it has struggled with ensuring the voting rights of all of its citizens for over 400 years. For most of that history, voting rights only expanded in Virginia in response to federal action in the wake of the Civil War, and contracted in response to federal inaction. This article chronicles the history of voting rights in Virginia, from the birthplace of American democracy in Jamestown and its influence on the United States Constitution, its efforts to expand and restrict voting rights, to becoming a leader in the South with the Voting Rights …

Virginia Tax Re-Structuring: 100 Years Ago, 50 Years Ago, And Now, Vivian E. Watts

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

Virginia’s state and local financing structure is under pressure. Aged schools have fallen into disrepair in localities without a tax base to back capital improvement bonds. Virginia’s commitment in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education to fund equal public education opportunity for all has eroded. As the dominate source of local government funding, the real estate tax adds to housing costs, consuming the largest share of household budgets. This article discusses current and historic Virginia debates on tax equity, economic sustainability, program ramifications, and non-resident cost-sharing. It raises questions about the widening income gap and changes in business …

Take Your Mother’S Ferry: Preimplantation Embryo Development Requires Maternal Karyopherins For Nuclear Transport, Momal Sharif, Laura Detti, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The genetic basis of preimplantation embryo arrest is slowly being unraveled. Recent discoveries point to maternally expressed proteins required for cellular functions before the embryonic genome is activated. In this issue of the JCI, Wang, Miyamoto, et al. suggest a critical role for karyopherin-mediated protein cargo transport between oocyte cytoplasm and nucleus. Defective maternal oocyte-expressed human karyopherin subunit α7 (KPNA7) and mouse KPNA2 fail to bind a critical substrate, ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1 (RSL1D1), affecting its transport to the nucleus. As shown in embryos of Kpna2-null females, the consequences are disrupted zygotic genome activation and arrest of development. These …