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Analyzing The Use Of Plain Language In Brief Summaries On Clinicaltrials.Gov, Megan J. Eddington Jan 2024

Analyzing The Use Of Plain Language In Brief Summaries On Clinicaltrials.Gov, Megan J. Eddington

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

ClinicalTrials.gov is a database designed to help clinical researchers make their research publicly available. The clinical trials registered on the database each include a brief summary, which is meant to be a short description that the public can easily understand. In September 2022, ClinicalTrials.gov published a "Plain Language Checklist for Lay Brief Summaries" on their website, which identifies plain language best practices intended to help investigators craft summaries that can be readily understood by the public. This thesis assesses the impact of the checklist on the language use in the brief summaries in the year following the checklist's publication. The …

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Ua94/6/18 Stephen Flora Student / Alumni Papers, Wku Archives Jan 2024

Ua94/6/18 Stephen Flora Student / Alumni Papers, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Records created by and about Stephen Flora during his years as a student at Western Kentucky University.

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Aspen Forest Condition Assessment And Restoration Guidance, Paul C. Rogers Jan 2024

Aspen Forest Condition Assessment And Restoration Guidance, Paul C. Rogers

Aspen Bibliography

This preliminary report is the first installment of an ongoing aspen assessment at Bryce Canyon National Park (BCNP). Over a 1.5-year period beginning in 2021, I assembled available BCNP and conducted a preliminary field survey to gain a better understanding of the quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) resource within the Park. Findings suggest a long history of vegetation mapping with mixed results in terms of highlighting aspen presence a notable species of overall low coverage as well as aspen importance, at BCNP. In brief, though this species has limited presence, it is of high biodiversity conservation value. According to …

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Exploring The Physiology Of Clostridioides Difficile: Selenium-Dependent Catabolism Of Host-Derived Nutrients, Michael A. Johnstone Jan 2024

Exploring The Physiology Of Clostridioides Difficile: Selenium-Dependent Catabolism Of Host-Derived Nutrients, Michael A. Johnstone

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Clostridioides difficile is a bacterial pathogen that causes pseudomembranous colitis and the majority of antibiotic-associated diarrheal cases. Broad-spectrum antibiotic usage disrupts the normal gut microbiota and thereby compromises colonization resistance, the main defense against C. difficile infection. Treatment options are limited to vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and the fecal microbiota transplant. Addressing the scarcity of these therapeutics, we documented two explorations in C. difficile drug discovery: (i) evaluation of antibacterial and toxin-suppressing activity of (+)-puupehenone and similar derivatives, and (ii) clarification of a discrepancy in the hypothesized mechanism of auranofin against C. difficile. A better understanding of how C. difficile colonizes …

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(Plant)Ing Traditional Roots: Exploring An Impact Of Environmental Shifts On Traditional Phytotherapy Practices In The Cusco Region Of Perú, Nicole Elizabeth Wilmot Jan 2024

(Plant)Ing Traditional Roots: Exploring An Impact Of Environmental Shifts On Traditional Phytotherapy Practices In The Cusco Region Of Perú, Nicole Elizabeth Wilmot

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis investigates the potential outcomes of environmental shifts on plant-based medical practices in the Cusco region of Peru. Located in the Andes mountain range, at a high elevation, the environment varies immensely, specifically in the various types of native plants in the region. Historically, using plants as natural forms of medicine or healthcare has been deeply rooted in many indigenous communities, traditions, and cultures globally. Environmentally, there have been potential changes and shifts in temperature, water, and soil that affect the nutrition and health of plants to maintain their beneficial properties. Due to various factors, adaptations or shifts to …

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The Effects Of Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression Across Development In Rats, Margaret Agajanov, Kelcie Schatz Jan 2024

The Effects Of Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression Across Development In Rats, Margaret Agajanov, Kelcie Schatz

Research Days Posters 2024

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is an umbrella term that describes the host of symptoms that may result from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). The incidence of anxiety disorders in children exposed to moderate PAE (mPAE) is twice that seen in children exposed to low amounts. mPAE animal models demonstrate anxiety-like behaviors reflective of those seen in humans exposed to mPAE. Gestational day 12 (G12) in rats is a period during which the amygdala is undergoing significant development. Past studies suggest that mPAE during G12 is implicated in the anxiety-like behavior observed in rats. The basolateral amygdala is part of the anxiety …

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Impact Of The Western Diet On Mood, Shania Walters, Aleyna Cakirca, Maya Davis, Kelson Mcbridge, Mia Hargest Jan 2024

Impact Of The Western Diet On Mood, Shania Walters, Aleyna Cakirca, Maya Davis, Kelson Mcbridge, Mia Hargest

Research Days Posters 2024

Recent evidence points toward the effect of diet quality on mood. The purpose of this study was to contextualize the effects of individual dietary habits and their association with mental health. Specifically, we focused on the connection between Western dietary practices and symptoms of depression and anxiety. An anonymous online survey was administered through social media and in-person outreach. The survey included basic demographic questions and questions focused on dietary habits and typical states of emotion. Pearson’s Correlation Analysis was utilized using SPSS version 28.0. There is a positive correlation between the Western diet and depressive symptoms, such as feelings …

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How To Improve Indoor Air Quality (Iaq) In U.S. Schools, Nicholas Chan Jan 2024

How To Improve Indoor Air Quality (Iaq) In U.S. Schools, Nicholas Chan

Research Days Posters 2024

This project aims to determine solutions to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in U.S. school buildings that can accommodate each school’s needs. This project will compile knowledge regarding common issues school buildings face that contribute to poor IAQ and possible solutions to remedy their effects while considering the cost-efficiency of said solutions. The methods of research in this project include the review of academic literature, an online survey, and interviews of students and faculty on the Binghamton University campus. The results of this project serve as guidelines to help school districts more easily determine a cost-efficient system to improve IAQ …

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Intraspecific Variability In Neuroterus Saltatorius Populations Throughout Its Range: Unveiling Dynamics Of Anthropogenic-Driven Range Expansions, Brett Dobert Jan 2024

Intraspecific Variability In Neuroterus Saltatorius Populations Throughout Its Range: Unveiling Dynamics Of Anthropogenic-Driven Range Expansions, Brett Dobert

Research Days Posters 2024

Species are expanding their ranges in response to anthropogenic change. Neuroterus saltatorius is an oak gall wasp that is expanding its range poleward in North American western oak savannas. We aim to unravel intraspecific genetic variation in N. saltatorius along a latitudinal gradient, and in the native and expanded range to discern potential genetic differences in wasps collected from different locations, and to attempt to discern the source populations for the range-expanding populations. We performed DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing from N. saltatorius collected from sites along its range. Geneious prime was used to align sequences and create phylogenetic …

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Effect Of Hormone Concentrations On Wood Frog (Rana Sylvatica) Testicular Physiology, Audrey Warburton, Lindsey Swierk Jan 2024

Effect Of Hormone Concentrations On Wood Frog (Rana Sylvatica) Testicular Physiology, Audrey Warburton, Lindsey Swierk

Research Days Posters 2024

For over 30 years, rapid amphibian species decline and extinction has been a global phenomenon; more than 70% of the world’s amphibian species are now declining. A major cause of amphibian decline is reproductive failure, which can be due to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and subsequent hormonal and/or sex organ abnormalities. This study aims to understand the effects of varying hormone concentrations on the testicular physiology of male wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). To do so, this research examined testicular histology slides of R. sylvatica (n = 104) males collected from suburban and rural vernal ponds in southern Connecticut. Various testicular structures were …

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Variation In Gall Size Between The Native And Expanded Range Of A Range-Expanding Gall Wasp Mediates Interactions And Influences Survivorship, Sophie Tatar, Aly Milks, Kirsten Prior Jan 2024

Variation In Gall Size Between The Native And Expanded Range Of A Range-Expanding Gall Wasp Mediates Interactions And Influences Survivorship, Sophie Tatar, Aly Milks, Kirsten Prior

Research Days Posters 2024

Neuroterus saltatorius is a gall wasp that has expanded its range poleward in North American western oak ecosystems as a result of anthropogenic change and is outbreaking in its expanded range. This research compared its interactions with parasitoid wasps and its host plant between the native and expanded ranges to uncover how altered interactions contribute to outbreaks. This study investigates relationships between gall size, survivorship, and parasitism. We determined the survivorship and gall size of 2,259 galls in 12 native and expanded range sites, using R Studio to compare mean and variation of gall size and survivorship between regions. Native …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Derivatives Of Ucph-101 As Novel Inhibitors Targeting Slc1 Amino Acid Transporter Family, Minh-Hung Nguyen, Jeremiah Mulu, Yang Dong, Christof Grewer Jan 2024

Synthesis And Characterization Of Derivatives Of Ucph-101 As Novel Inhibitors Targeting Slc1 Amino Acid Transporter Family, Minh-Hung Nguyen, Jeremiah Mulu, Yang Dong, Christof Grewer

Research Days Posters 2024

Nitrogen is an important element that exists in many biological compounds essential for the cells’ survivability. Due to rapid growth and proliferation, cancer cells demand large amounts of nitrogen, specifically from glutamine. ASCT2 transporters are found to be overexpressed in many types of cancers. The inhibition of ASCT2 is proposed to induce cell starvation. EAAT1 (SLC1A3) and ASCT2 (SLC1A5) exhibit similar allosteric inhibition mechanisms. Previous experiments showed that UCPH-101 allosterically binds to EAATs and inhibits their translocation activity. While the mechanism is unknown, the molecule was shown to be a partial inhibitor of ASCT2. We hypothesized that alteration of the …

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The Effects Of Temperature On Rapid Body Color Change In Anolis Aquaticus, Lyra Lu, Allie Martin, Lindsey Swierk Jan 2024

The Effects Of Temperature On Rapid Body Color Change In Anolis Aquaticus, Lyra Lu, Allie Martin, Lindsey Swierk

Research Days Posters 2024

Rapid body color change is well documented in animals, but the variety of environmental factors that induce this change are not fully understood. Anolis aquaticus is a tropical lizard with rapid body color changes that uses colder-than-average refugia, namely diving underwater for extended periods, to flee from predators. Using underwater refugia causes these lizards to lose several degrees of body heat. The relationship of low body temperatures on body coloration was tested. First, an observational study was conducted in the field of the correlation between body temperature and body color. Then body temperature was experimentally reduced in the laboratory to …

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Deriving Major Theoretical Principles From The Natural Sciences To Create A Transdisciplinary Approach For Social Problem-Solving, Mirella Berkowitz, Ava Oksenhendler, Nabiha Chowdhury Jan 2024

Deriving Major Theoretical Principles From The Natural Sciences To Create A Transdisciplinary Approach For Social Problem-Solving, Mirella Berkowitz, Ava Oksenhendler, Nabiha Chowdhury

Research Days Posters 2024

The integration of major theoretical principles into a transdisciplinary theoretical framework provides a comprehensive process of evaluating contemporary social problems and creating appropriate solutions. The application of knowledge of natural sciences is integral to solving complex social problems. This process involves understanding relevant literature and theories along with finding the intersection of internal and external factors across the study of evolutionary theory & pro-sociality, environment, and biology & health. The major theoretical principles will be integrated into a framework to categorize complex social problems and test social variants. This selection process ensures that optimal solutions are advanced.

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Effects Of Reduction In Social Enrichment On A Novel Rat Model Of Approach And Avoidance Orientation, Emily Feldman Jan 2024

Effects Of Reduction In Social Enrichment On A Novel Rat Model Of Approach And Avoidance Orientation, Emily Feldman

Research Days Posters 2024

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a reduction in social enrichment by measuring behavioral changes in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) in male and female rats of High Approach (HAO) and Low Approach Orientation (LAO). The results indicated that at baseline, both total arm entries and open arm entries were affected by HAO vs LAO and sex. The percent change in closed arm entries in LAO females was sensitive to the social environment, whereas those in the HAO were behaviorally unaffected. The experimental LAO female group had an increase in percent change of closed …

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Sinful Femininity: How The Villainization Of Desire And Curiosity In Pandora’S Box Led To Gendered Biases In Psychology, Hannah Pitkofsky Jan 2024

Sinful Femininity: How The Villainization Of Desire And Curiosity In Pandora’S Box Led To Gendered Biases In Psychology, Hannah Pitkofsky

Research Days Posters 2024

Mythology has a strong influence on societal views surrounding certain topics, including femininity, curiosity, and desire. However, the images presented in these stories are often artificially crafted with implicit biases that allegorize subjectivities of femininity in modern science. This paper examines the relationship between science and culture and the ways that they influence each other. More specifically, it compares the original myth of Pandora’s Box and the corresponding psychological Pandora effect by analyzing written language patterns and examining their scientific implications. This research argues that the current usage of the Pandora myth furthers patriarchal traditionalism by institutionalizing gender stereotypes. It …

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The Impact Of Improper Face Mask Disposal On The Early Growth And Development Of Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum), Minh-Hung Nguyen, Anthony Yang, Jeremy S. Serras, Miranda Kearney Jan 2024

The Impact Of Improper Face Mask Disposal On The Early Growth And Development Of Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum), Minh-Hung Nguyen, Anthony Yang, Jeremy S. Serras, Miranda Kearney

Research Days Posters 2024

Disposable face masks (DFMs) play an important preventive factor in the COVID-19 pandemic. The increased use of DFMs leads to the increased load of face mask litter in the environment. This study focuses on the effects of DFMs leachate on plants with a variety of DFM (traditional, black, leopard, camouflage, holiday, and rainbow) and conditions (new and used). The mortality, shoot size, number of visible leaves, average leaf size, total root length, number of roots, root convex area, and mass of the shoots and roots were collected. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and pairwise tests. There were no …

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Health Consequences Of Judicial Decisions, Sondrea Browne Low, Ellen Davis, J. Koji Lum Jan 2024

Health Consequences Of Judicial Decisions, Sondrea Browne Low, Ellen Davis, J. Koji Lum

Research Days Posters 2024

Dickman and others (JAMA Int Med 2024) estimated that there have been 64,565 pregnancies resulting from rape carried to term in the 14 states with total abortion bans since the Supreme Court’s 2022 Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision overturning Roe v Wade. Extensive analyses of the impact of maternal stress, violence, war, and abuse on the genetic imprinting of their developing fetuses indicate that offspring resulting from rape are likely to have altered expression of a number of genes including glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1, IGF2/H19, MEST, and PEG that affect fetal growth and development and are associated with imprinting …

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College Students’ Perception Of Autistic Adults Using Word Association Frequency Analyses, Olivia Cino, Diego Aragon-Guevara Jan 2024

College Students’ Perception Of Autistic Adults Using Word Association Frequency Analyses, Olivia Cino, Diego Aragon-Guevara

Research Days Posters 2024

Autistic college students may be negatively impacted by peer stigma due to a lack of knowledge and limited understanding of Autism (Kuzminski et al., 2019). Research on autism stigma has revealed that non-autistic peers of all ages make ‘thin-slice judgments’ about autistic individuals resulting in reduced intentions to pursue social interaction (Sasson et al., 2017). Improving understanding of how non-autistic students perceive their autistic peers may be useful to inform future efforts to educate non-autistic students and reduce stigma. The aim of this study was to assess non-autistic students’ perception of their autistic peers by using NVivo software to analyze …

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Reduced Intraspecific Variation In Foliar Micro And Macronutrients Among Quercus Garryana Trees In The Expanded Range May Contribute To Outbreaks Of A Range Expanding Insect, Kelly Medina, Aly Milks Jan 2024

Reduced Intraspecific Variation In Foliar Micro And Macronutrients Among Quercus Garryana Trees In The Expanded Range May Contribute To Outbreaks Of A Range Expanding Insect, Kelly Medina, Aly Milks

Research Days Posters 2024

Due to the effects of rising global temperatures and the abrupt changes in ecosystems, phytophagous insects are expanding their ranges poleward. An oak gall wasp,Neuroterous saltatoris, has expanded its range from mainland North America to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and is outbreaking in its expanded range causing damage to its host plants Quercus garryana. Q. garryana has reduced genetic diversity with decreased intraspecific variation towards the poles. This research group collected leaves from trees that ranged from low to highly infested. Leaves were dried and ground and levels of macronutrients and micronutrients were measured. Higher intraspecific variation in nutrients were …

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Preventing And Treating Staphylococcal Biofilm Infection With An Ancient Medicine, Arthur O'Sullivan, Kevin Tan, Anna Armandi, Reem Nada Jan 2024

Preventing And Treating Staphylococcal Biofilm Infection With An Ancient Medicine, Arthur O'Sullivan, Kevin Tan, Anna Armandi, Reem Nada

Research Days Posters 2024

Before the antibiotic age, medicaments composed of natural substances were prescribed to clean, seal, and heal wounds. The De Materia Medica of Pedanius Dioscorides and the Historia Naturalis of Pliny the Elder, for instance, prescribed a combination of honey and narcissus (daffodil) for burn wounds. Liam McGuirk’s 2022 Honors Thesis found that this remedy inhibits Staphylococcus growth on bare well-plates and agar. This expanded project found that the treatment inhibits bacterial growth over several days, even when diluted in Brain-Heart Infusion medium (BHI). Furthermore, this medicament can stunt biofilms after two days of growth, both on keratinocytes (human skin cell …

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The Impact Of Diet On Mood, Alexandra Schumacher, Evangeline Manolas, Hannah Rogalia, Cassie Huang Jan 2024

The Impact Of Diet On Mood, Alexandra Schumacher, Evangeline Manolas, Hannah Rogalia, Cassie Huang

Research Days Posters 2024

Diet quality, mostly food groups, and quantities influences behaviors and thoughts. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between diet quality and mood which could be used to improve overall well-being. An anonymous online survey was administered through Google Forms and distributed through multiple social media platforms, as well as Survey Swap, YikYak, and simply asking friends and family. The survey included basic demographic questions and questions on daily diets, supplements, and average stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Pearsons’s Correlation Analysis was utilized using SPSS version 28.0. Our data proposes an overall healthier diet is associated with a more …

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The Impact Of Brooding Rumination On Stress Generation In Youth, Jennifer Cunneen, Brandon Gibb Jan 2024

The Impact Of Brooding Rumination On Stress Generation In Youth, Jennifer Cunneen, Brandon Gibb

Research Days Posters 2024

Stress is a known risk factor for depression (Santee, 2023). Previous research has indicated that depression increases risk for additional stress in particular, interpersonal stress, a process known as stress generation (Hammen, 2008). It is unclear however if vulnerabilities for depression might also increase risk for stress generation. Brooding rumination, a type of negative self-referential thinking, has been identified as a risk factor for depression (Hilt & Pollak, 2013). This study examined whether brooding rumination predicts an increase in stress generation in children over a 6 month perio. Participants were 8-14 year old children and their mothers. Mothers were required …

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Sensitivity Of Fever And Ethanol-Induced Hypothermia To Dexamethasone In Male Sprague-Dawley Rats, Barbara Santos, Terrence Deak Jan 2024

Sensitivity Of Fever And Ethanol-Induced Hypothermia To Dexamethasone In Male Sprague-Dawley Rats, Barbara Santos, Terrence Deak

Research Days Posters 2024

Thermoregulation is highly sensitive to pathogens and can also be influenced by drugs of abuse, such as alcohol. This study determined the pharmacological sensitivity of fever and sickness behaviors to dexamethasone, a common anti-inflammatory drug, in male rats that underwent an acute immune challenge using the viral mimetic Poly I:C. Additionally, this study sought to determine the extent to which dexamethasone would also influence ethanol-induced hypothermia. Results indicated that dexamethasone attenuated Poly I:C-induced fever. However, these effects did not significantly differ based on the dose of dexamethasone administered. Sickness behaviors, on the other hand, showed a dose-dependent effect of dexamethasone. …

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Long Term Phenological Shifts In Moth Communities In Central New York, Emma Foster, Eliza Grames Jan 2024

Long Term Phenological Shifts In Moth Communities In Central New York, Emma Foster, Eliza Grames

Research Days Posters 2024

Climate change has led to phenological shifts for many taxa. Using light trap data documenting moth communities in 1919 and 1922 in Ithaca, NY, historic moth phenology was compared to current iNaturalist observational records for Tompkins County, NY. It was hypothesized that warming temperatures over the last century would result in earlier emergence of the first brood, longer flight periods, and more generations per year. The week in the year that a species was first seen, climaxed, and last seen for each species that was observed historically in both 1919 and 1922 was recorded. Moth species have experienced a shift …

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Herbicide Management Alters Fungal Biomass And Community Composition In Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands, Erica Danae Lathers Jan 2024

Herbicide Management Alters Fungal Biomass And Community Composition In Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands, Erica Danae Lathers

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Wetlands provide many ecosystem services, and invasive species and their management can alter these services. Plant responses to wetland management actions are typically monitored, but less is known about how soils respond. Phragmites australis, an invasive wetland plant, can alter soil conditions, potentially impacting soil microbial structure and function. We sampled soil communities in Great Lakes coastal wetlands in southeastern Michigan dominated by Phragmites and sites that had been previously invaded by Phragmites then treated with herbicide from 2011-2017, to understand how herbicide management alters soil fungal communities. We assessed microbial and fungal biomass, fungal community composition, greenhouse gas emissions, …

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Looking For Love On A Chilly Night: The Colorado Brown Tarantula Mating Season, Dallas Haselhuhn Jan 2024

Looking For Love On A Chilly Night: The Colorado Brown Tarantula Mating Season, Dallas Haselhuhn

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Aphonopelma hentzi is the most widespread and abundant tarantula species in the United States. While a distinct mating season is observed, it has not been well studied and the environmental drivers for the mating season are unknown. By conducting daily surveys on a peripheral population within Southeast Colorado, between August and November 2022, I found that after the first significant temperature drop, the number of mate-seeking males was significantly higher than prior to this temperature event. Mate-seeking males were significantly correlated with a drop in the water vapor pressure gradient, a rarely used biological metric for assessing potential water loss …

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Lawrence, Fall/Winter 2024, Lawrence University Jan 2024

Lawrence, Fall/Winter 2024, Lawrence University

Alumni Magazines

No abstract provided.

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How We Created A Research Rubric Meant For Everyone: Making The Library And Its University Partners More Student-Ready, Barbara Anderson Jan 2024

How We Created A Research Rubric Meant For Everyone: Making The Library And Its University Partners More Student-Ready, Barbara Anderson

LOEX Conference Proceedings 2024

No abstract provided.

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Mcnair Scholars Research Journal - Volume 17 Jan 2024

Mcnair Scholars Research Journal - Volume 17

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

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