Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Excreta On Stolon Development Of White Clover Under Continuous Cattle Grazing, M I. Rebuffo, R Snaydon, J Morrison

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of cattle excreta on white clover growth in perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures were studied under continuous grazing. During 2 6-week periods in June-July and September-October. Caltle selectively grazed the sward where urine had been recently voided and subsequently grazed these areas more fequently than other areas, while grazing the sward adjacent to the dung pats less intensively than other areas. Despite differences in of herbage mass and light interception resulting from altered grazing patterns, dung did not affect the density of white clover (Trifolium repens L,) growing points or the number of branches per stolo1i in the …

Allelopathic Effects Of Endophyte In Perennial Ryegrass Residues On Young Subterranean Clover Plants, F J. Snell, P E. Quigley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Earlier research in Australia and New Zealand has shown that legume growth and persistence may be reduced in the presence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) which frequently contains the endophyte Acreonium lolli Mechanisms to explain these effects need further elucidation. A pot experiment, conducted in a glasshouse, showed that a mulch of senescent perennial ryegrass, which frequently contained A. lolli, reduced the standard of nodulation, root length and shoot and root dry weight of 32-day-old subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean L.) plants, compared with those grown with mulches which contained less endophyte. The growth of clover plants grown …

Agronomic Behavior Of Binary Mixtures In Basque Country Pastures, M Oyanarte, C Bastida, M Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present work deals with the total yield and botanical composition of binary mixed pastures resulting from paired combinations of 8 grasses (Italian, perennial and hybrid ryegrass, cocksfoot, tall fescue, timothy, meadow softgrass and prairie grass) and 3 legumes (red clover, white clover and birdsfoot trefoil) with two levels of N, 160 and 320 kg/ha, during a 2-year field trial. In both years prairie grass was the most productive grass in the different combinations and its yield increased considerably with the high rate of N. Cocksfoot and timothy were slow to establish but in the second year they yielded well, …

Establishing Alfalfa Without Tillage, D W. Koch

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Establishing alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) without prior tillage offers advantages over traditional methods in terms of reducing energy and labour requirements, erosion hazard and improving timeliness of operation. An economic advantage to the no-till method has been apparent in recent years. Alfalfa was seeded without prior tillage.after annual crops and into perennial sods. Alfalfa was no-till seeded into perennial sod with less than 10% of the energy and labour required by the conventional tillage method. Alfalfa no-till seeded less than 1 week after sod was treated with glyphosate, was less vigorous and yielded less the seeding year than alfalfa …

Effect Of Manipulative Management Options On A Degraded Pasture Within The Astrebla Spp. Grazing Lands Of Western Queensland, J J. Bushell, J A. Reynolds, D C. Cowan, D G. Phelps, J A. Milson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A reduction in Aslrebla spp., and an increase in less palatable and less desirable forbs (Malvastmm americanum Psoralea cinerea), was identified as a problem in some paddocks of the Astrebla grazing lands of central western Queensland's clay soils. To determine possible rehabilitation for these pastures and assist the recovery of Astrebla spp,, a 2-year experiment was conducted near Muttaburra, Queensland (460 mm average annual rainfall), Six main treatments (nil, tine ripping, herbicide, slashing, fire, and a pioneering grass) were combined in a 6x2x2 split piot structure with grazed/not grazed and with additional Astrebla lappacea seed sown/not sown. Interim …

Autumn Management Of Grass-Legume Pasture, D P. Belesky, J M. Fedders, A S. Laidlaw

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Duration of autumn grazing may affect the long-term balance of grass and legume in a sward. Effects of early and late autumn closing dates were studied on productivity and morphology of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in replicated grazed swards. Early-closed paddocks continued to accumulate herbage during autumn, resulting in greater winter senescence than late-closed paddocks. Spring-cut herbage mass was not affected by autumn management; however, late closing had significantly more clover than early closing. Early-closed paddocks were grass domlnanl, with few relatively large tillers and few clover growing points compared with late-closed …

Changes In Productivity Associated With Replacement Of Heteropogon Cotortus By Aristida Species And Chrysopogon Fallax In The Savannas Of South East Queensland, F P. Wandera, P C. Kerridge, J A. Taylor, H M. Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Heteropogon contortus-dominated rangelands, which cover 22 million ha, are the most important areas for beef production in northern Australia. Due to overgrazing, this dominant species ,is disappearing and is being replaced by unpalatable species such as Aristida and Chrysopogon in a patchy mosaic pattern. In a large graiing experiment· adjacent to the CSIRO Narayen research station: in south-east Queensland on granite country, patches dominated bf the unpalatable grasses comprised 24-32% of the area. Aristida-dominant and Chrysopogon-dominant patches had lower productivity (1000 and 650 kg/ha, respectively) than areas dominated by Heteropogon contorus (1850 kg/ha). It was estimated that a rangeland …

Dynamics Of Stylosanthes Species In Mixed Pastures In A Marginal Environment, J G. Mcivor, C J. Gardener

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The growth and population dynamics of Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and S. scabra cv. Seca were measured in mixed, oversown pastures at Hillgrove (AAR=535 mm) near Charters Towers. Over a 10-year period mean stylo yields ranged from 20 kg/ha to 1800 kg/ha. During the first 3 years Verano outyielded Seca but in the last 7 years Seca had greater yields. Plant density was greater for Verano lhan Seca during the early years but the situation was reversed in later years. The Seca plants lived longer than Verano plants and there was a greater proportion of perennial plants in the Seca …

Distribution And Abundance Of Plant Species In Pastures And Rangelands, John G. Mcivor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The competition-stress-disturbance (CSD) model of Grime (Plant strategies and vegetation processes, New York, John Wiley 1979) is used as the basis for discussing the forces that influence the distribution and abundan.ce. of plant species. Characteristics of plant strategies (competitive, ruderal and stress-tolerator) in both the established and regenerative phases are summarised. Pasture management can be viewed as the manipulation of competition, stress and disturbance. A number of pasture situations ( disturbance-diversity relationships, pasture degradation, weed invasion, management of abandoned farm land, species conservation) are analysed in ecological terms and the consequences for pasture management are outlined. The CSD model can …

Aspects Of Interference Between Nodding Thistle (Carduus Nutans L.) And Pasture Grasses And Legumes, D A. Wardle, K S. Nicholson, A Rahman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nodding thistle (Carduus nutans L.) is an important weed species in New Zealand pastures. The available information on interactions between this species and forage grasses and legumes is summarised and discussed. Nodding thistle inhibits pasture productivity, and allclopathy is probably Important at inhibiting pasture at the later stages of its life cycle. Although, nodding thistle is most susceptible to inhibition by forage species early in its life cycle, a minimum pasture cover may be required for seedlings to establish. Nodding thistle therefore acts as a competitor only at the later stages of its development. Grasses arc both stronger at inhibiting …

Effects Of Herbicides And Fertilizers On Ragwort (Senecio Jacobaea L.) In Hill Country Pastures, A Rahman, K S. Nicholson, D A. Wardle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A 3-year study was conducted lo determine the influence of 2 herbicides (2,4-D and glyphosate) and 3 fertilisers (containing N, P or K), in conjunctiun with pasture renovation, on ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) populations and pasture productivity in a perennial ryegrass-white clover hill country pasture. Glyphosate-treated plots often contained higher ragwort numbers than 2,4-D treated plots, probably because the glyphosate treatment caused greater discontinuity of pasture. Both N and P fertilisers had a consistently strong beneficial effect on pasture, which resulted in substantial inhibition of ragwort populations. During the end of each of the first 2 years of the …

Regeneration Of Themeda Triandra In Humid South African Rangelands, K Adams, J E. Danckwerts

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Themeda triandra seeds were planted into undisturbed, burnt and tilled treatments in degenerate humid grassland. More seedlings emerged and survived on tilled soil than on the other two treatments. The plants on the tilled treatments were also larger (had more tillers with greater mass than the other two). The effect of tillage was attributed to removal of competition from undesirable competitors, which seems essential in the reintroduction of T. triandra into humid grasslands of South Africa.

Effects Of The Fire Regime On Grassland And Savanna Rangelands In Southern Africa, Winston S.W Trollope

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fire is regarded as a natural factor of the environment in southern Africa and the effect of fire on rangeland depends upon the fire regime, i.e., type and intensity of fire and season and frequency of burning, The most common types of fire in grassland and savanna areas are surface fires burning either as head or back fires. Head fires have the least depressive effect on the recovery of the grass sward and cause high« topkill of stems and branches of trees and shrubs than back r1res, Fire intensity has no significant effect on the recovery of the grass sward …

Sward Characteristics Of A Diploid And Tetraploid Cultivar Of Perennial Ryegrass As Measured By Different Sampling Techniques, J H. Neuteboom, E A. Lantinga, H Schlepers, L 'T Mannetje

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In a grazing experiment with monocultures of 2 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars it was found that over a 6-year period the tiller density of the tetraploid Condesa was on average 27% lower than that of the diploid Wendy. The lower tiller density of Condesa went along with a more open sward structure and higher weed proportions after 6 years, Sward structure was suitably characterised by means of absence frequency estimations of rooted perennial ryegrass tillers from concentric sampling quadrats.

Effect Of Localized And Epsidodic Nutrient Supplies And Salinity On Growth Of Selected Grass Species, M M. Wolfson, J Caetano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The efficient use of non•uniform nutrient supplies may be an important component of plant nutrient relationships in soils, especially where inputs of available nutrients by mineralisation may be slow and unpredictable. The experiments reported here examined the effects of periodic supplies of nutrients as well as localised nutrient supplies on the growth of grass species which are common in cultivated soils and pastures. Most plants cannot produce significant yields when grown under saline conditions owing to the difficulty the plant has adjusting to the osmotic potential of the growth medium and its limited capacity to cope with accumulated c1· and …

Analysis Of A Natural Pasture Of The Karst Region (North-East Italy) Under Chemical Fertilization, G Parente, R Ardiani, F Bozzo, M Onofrii, M Scimone, S Venerus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To characterise the vegetation changes in a natural pasture, a mineral fertilisation and a 4-year grazing test (1987-1990) were carried out on a typical karstic natural grassland, at that time not grazed by livestock and frequently devastated by fire. Mineral fertiliser and year-long animal grazing have modified the vegetation and seem not to have damaged the agro-ecosystem. An increase of the Arrhenatheretum species and, consequently, higher dry matter production, have been recorded, as well as an extension of the growth period and a greater quantity of grass during the summer. Animal performance has been quite satisfactory as the milk production …

Effect Of Elevation On Vegetation In The Southern Alburz Chain, Iran, Masoud Mohammad-Aliha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of elevation on the vegetation composition of the southern rangelands (about 20 000 ha) of the Alburz Chain was studied. The attitudinal zones of the study area were located between 1200 and 3600 m asl. Twenty-three sites were selected alongside the attitudinal gradients (every 200 m change in height was allocated a substation). Twenty-one vegetation types were distinguished and 3 ecological sites (stations) selected. Also some grasses alongside the study area have been considered.

Assessing The Productivity Of Pastures In The Central Highlands Region Of Queensland, Australia, J Willcocks, P Filet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A sustainable grazing industry requires careful management of pastures. This study measured the growth potential and productivity of different pasture types in the Central Highlands region of Queensland to develop recommendations on stocking rates which are sustainable in the long term. The most productive pasture measured, buffet grass (Cenchrus clliaris) is generally used for fattening prior to sale to the meatworks. The least productive, a mixed native pasture under a eucalypt forest, is generally used for maintaining breeding stock. Forest Mitchell grass (Bothrioclrloa ewartiana) has intermediate levels of productivity and is used for both breeding and …

Seedling Emergence From Buried Seed In Unsown And Oversown Hill Pasture, M E. Wedderburn, W J. Pengelly, L A. Greaves

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seedling recruitment from buried seed was measured in hill country after the resident vegetation was suppressed or killed using herbicide, and either Yatsyn ryegrass, hill ryegrass or a low fertility grass mix was oversown. Unsown plots serves as a control. The total number of seedlings emerging per m2 was similar for all treatments but differences between treatments occurred in the species composition of seedling populations. Ryegrass seedling density in sown plots was 3 times that in unsown plots and white clover seedling numbers were 6 times greater. Other grasses were present in numbers equivalent to sown ryegrass. Subterranean clover and …

Adaptation Of Grassland For Recreational And Amenity Use, R J. Gibbs, K W. Mcauliffe, R W. Brougham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Adaptation of grassland for intensive sport and recreational use introduces constraints not normally experienced under agricultural pasture production. For example, turfgrass is expected to grow in deliberately compacted soils and structureless, inert sands. It is also expected to provide a surface for sports as diverse as golf and horse racing. This paper examines aspects of turfgrass management that differ from agricultural pasture production. These aspects include the ability of turf grass to withstand intensive wear, its ability to produce a dense, low growing and even sward and the specific drainage and playing quality demands of different sports. The key role …

A Conversation With Joan Countryman And Allyson Sgro, John B. Weinstein

Early College Folio

Early College Folio Editor-in-Chief John B.\ Weinstein had the pleasure of a conversation with esteemed STEM educators, researchers, and authors Joan Countryman and Allyson Sgro, to reflect on core topics within the theme of this issue. Their conversation has been edited slightly for clarity.

An Early College Account Of The Stem Experience, Karan Buntval

Early College Folio

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Review Of The Prevalence Of Late Identified Hearing Loss In Childhood, Karen Muñoz, Dylan Chan, Donald Goldberg, Diana Ortiz, Valerie James Abbott, Karl White

Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education Faculty Publications

Objectives

The objective of this systematic review was to assess the evidence about the prevalence of permanent hearing loss for children not identified from newborn hearing screening (NHS).

Design

Articles were grouped into three categories based on the methodological approach: (1) all participants received diagnostic testing, (2) otoacoustic emission (OAE) or pure tone screening was completed and those not passing were referred for a diagnostic test, and (3) data were retrieved from archival records. Study characteristics, prevalence, and contextual factors were synthesised and narratively described.

Study Sample

30 peer-reviewed articles.

Results

Prevalence of permanent hearing loss per 1,000 children ranged …

The Role Of Southern Red-Backed Voles, Myodes Gapperi, And Peromyscus Mice In The Enzootic Maintenance Of Lyme Disease Spirochetes In North Dakota, Usa, Michael W. Dougherty, Nathan M. Russart, Robert A. Gaultney, Emily Marie Gisi, Haley M. Cooper, Lindsey R. Kallis, Catherine A. Brissette, Jefferson A. Vaughan

Biology Faculty Publications

Lyme disease has expanded into the Great Plains of the USA. To investigate local enzootic transmission, small mammals were trapped in two forested tracts in northeastern North Dakota during 2012 and 2013. Peromyscus mice and southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, comprised over 90% of all mammals captured. One site was dominated by Peromyscus (79% of 100 mammals captured). At the other site, M. gapperi (59% of 107 mammals captured) was more abundant than Peromyscus (36%). Immature stages of two tick species parasitized small mammals: Dermacentor variabilis and Ixodes scapularis. Larval I. scapularis ectoparasitism was significantly higher on Peromyscus (81% …

Educational Experiences Of Juvenile Offenders In Minnesota, Danielle Petruska

Theses and Graduate Projects

Objective of Study. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of positive adult/teacher relationships in juvenile detention educational settings in Minnesota on juvenile offenders’ perceptions of school, as well as their future plans for attending college after high school. Method. Data were obtained from the 2019 administration of the Minnesota Student Survey, involving 280 juvenile offenders (83 girls) from correctional educational facilities. Hypotheses were tested using correlational analyses to examine the relationship between perceived adult/teacher relationships and school perceptions, as well as the association between these relationships and post-high school plans. Results. Results revealed …

Through Gardner-Webb Honors Experience, High School Students Engaged In Campus Life And Community Service, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

Marnina Krist, a rising high school senior from Fuquay Varina, N.C., was one of 22 students who attended The Honors Experience at Gardner-Webb University this summer. Like some of the others, Krist had toured the GWU campus before, but wanted a chance to see for herself what the environment is really like. The immersive week introduced her to all aspects of life on the University’s campus—from going to class and chapel to dining and volunteering in the community.

A New Species Of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) From The State Of Michoacán, Mexico, Jason A. Hansen, Richard L. Westcott

Insecta Mundi

Acmaeodera parasuperba Hansen and Westcott, new species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), from Michoacán, is described, imaged, and its relationship discussed.

Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Lectotype Designation For Copris Torulosus Eschscholtz, 1822, And Correction On The Geographic Distribution Of The Two Chilean Species, José Mondaca, Fernando Z. Vaz-De-Mello

Insecta Mundi

Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a small genus of South American dung beetles composed of four species distributed in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Recently, a neotype was designated for Copris torulosus Eschscholtz, 1822 (currently H. torulosus) based on the assumption that the original type series had been lost. However, this designation is invalid for failing to comply with articles 75.2, 75.3, 75.3.1, and 75.3.4. of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Furthermore, even if it had been nomenclaturally valid, the neotype now loses its type status because we found a syntype in the material of the Johann …

New Species, New Combinations, Synonymies, And Nomenclatural Discussion For Hispaniolan Longhorned Beetles (Coleoptera: Disteniidae, Cerambycidae), Steven W. Lingafelter, Norman E. Woodley

Insecta Mundi

Fifteen new species of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Disteniidae) from Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti) are diagnosed, described, and illustrated: Novantinoe pilithorax Lingafelter, new species (Disteniini); Eburiola ciferrii Lingafelter, new species (Eburiini), Eburiola konstantinovi Lingafelter, new species (Eburiini), Elaphidion jaragua Lingafelter, new species (Elaphidiini), Linsleyonides guerreroi Lingafelter, new species (Elaphidiini), Compsibidion iviei Lingafelter, new species (Tropidini: Subtribe Neoibidionina), Hormathus albisetosus Lingafelter, new species (Tropidini: Subtribe Compsina), Trichrous eryphoides Lingafelter, new species (Dichophyiini), Plectrocerum woodruffi Lingafelter, new species (Dichophyiini), Oreodera nearnsi Lingafelter, new species (Acrocinini/Acanthoderini), Acrepidopterum fuscum Lingafelter, new species (Apomecynini), Acrepidopterum giesberti Lingafelter, new species (Apomecynini), Estola touroulti Lingafelter, …

Additions To The Knowledge Of The Vietnamese Tiger Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), Jürgen Wiesner, Christian Kerkering, Miroslav Klícha

Insecta Mundi

Therates tuberosus Fleutiaux, 1893 and Calochroa octogramma octogramma (Chaudoir, 1852) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are newly recorded for Vietnam. Ten additional species are reported to have new provincial records in Vietnam.