Digital Commons Network^™

Spatiotemporal Patterns In Orbicella Faveolata Wound Regeneration As An Indicator Of Colony Health, Alexander G. Wheeler

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Anthropogenic (e.g. damage from anchors, scuba divers, tissue sampling) and natural disturbances (e.g. predation, storm damage) can result in wounding of live tissue on coral colonies. Wounding has been shown to detract from a common resource pool, increasing disease susceptibility and impairing coral growth and reproductive activity. Regeneration not only varies between species, but also between conspecifics in the same location. A colony’s capacity to regenerate tissue can be an indicator of a colony’s condition and resilience. Understanding the physiological and environmental factors that affect tissue regeneration alongside the ultimate impact of sampling (disease and predation correlations) are needed for …

Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-Pani Ink For Sensitive Electrochemical Detection Of Dopamine, Pritu P. Sarkar, Ridma Tabassum, Ahmed Hasnain Jalal, Ali Ashraf, Nazmul Islam

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this research, a novel interdigitated gear-shaped, graphene-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of dopamine (DA). The sensor’s innovative design improves the active surface area by 94.52% and 57% compared to commercially available Metrohm DropSens 110 screen-printed sensors and printed circular sensors, respectively. The screen-printed electrode was fabricated using laser processing and modified with graphene polyaniline conductive ink (G-PANI) to enhance its electrochemical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the physiochemical properties of the sensor. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for several body functions, was detected within a linear range of …

Black Grouper (Mycteroperca Bonaci) Neurocranium, Nicholas Burchett, Kelsee Rotering, Marissa Rosas, David Kerstetter, Derek Burkholder

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

Biological Control Of Roseau Cane Scale With Parasitoid Wasps In Louisiana, Tanner C. Sparks

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Roseau cane scale, Nipponaclerda biwakoensis (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) is an invasive species of scale insect negatively impacting Phragmites australis (Cyperales: Poaceae) stands within the Mississippi River Delta. The scales were first detected in 2017 from reports of Phragmites die-back within the MRD by landowners. Initial range surveys located RCS infested Phragmites stands were primarily limited to southeastern Louisiana with a single population near Port Arthur, Texas. Follow-up field surveys conducted annually from 2021 to 2023 monitoring further range expansion by the scale show the current range extends nearly 600 km between High Island, Texas and Bayou la Batre, Alabama. Climate matching …

Domain-Specific Representation Of Social Inference By Neurons In The Human Amygdala And Hippocampus, Runnan Cao, Julien Dubois, Adam N Mamelak, Ralph Adolphs, Shuo Wang, Ueli Rutishauser

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Inferring the intentions and emotions of others from behavior is crucial for social cognition. While neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions involved in social inference, it remains unknown whether performing social inference is an abstract computation that generalizes across different stimulus categories or is specific to certain stimulus domain. We recorded single-neuron activity from the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the medial frontal cortex (MFC) in neurosurgical patients performing different types of inferences from images of faces, hands, and natural scenes. Our findings indicate distinct neuron populations in both regions encoding inference type for social (faces, hands) and nonsocial (scenes) …

Transcriptional Regulation In The Absence Of Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor Calcium Signaling, Michael Young, David M. Booth, David Smith, Marco Tigano, György Hajnóczky, Suresh K. Joseph

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The activation of IP3 receptor (IP3R) Ca2+ channels generates agonist-mediated Ca2+ signals that are critical for the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. It is therefore surprising that CRISPR induced loss of all three IP3R isoforms (TKO) in HEK293 and HeLa cell lines yields cells that can survive, grow and divide, albeit more slowly than wild-type cells. In an effort to understand the adaptive mechanisms involved, we have examined the activity of key Ca2+ dependent transcription factors (NFAT, CREB and AP-1) and signaling pathways using luciferase-reporter assays, phosphoprotein immunoblots and whole genome transcriptomic studies. In addition, the diacylglycerol …

The Immune System Under Pressure: Understanding The Impact Of Stress On Immune Function And Health, Kaeshwinie Murugan

Honors Theses

Stress has a profound impact on the immune health of college students, exacerbated by challenges such as academic pressures, sleep deprivation, and inadequate coping strategies. This study investigates the relationship between stress and immune function among students at Western Michigan University, utilizing survey data and existing literature to explore mechanisms of stress-induced immune suppression and identify effective interventions. The survey, conducted with 100 participants, revealed that over 70% experienced stress that adversely affected their immune systems, with 60% reporting insufficient sleep and 20% sleeping less than five hours per night.

The survey further highlighted students' reliance on specific coping mechanisms, …

Self-Reported Access To Oral Health Care And Perception Of Oral Health From 2011-2020, Taylor Lordo

Honors Scholar Theses

An individual’s perception of their oral cavity directly correlates with whether he/she will seek oral health care. Self-reported oral health (SROH) rating is typically measured on a scale of excellent to poor and is a validated measure of an individual’s oral health. This study aimed to (1) examine the correlation between SROH and access to oral health care, (2) assess changes in access and SROH from 2011 to 2020, and (3) analyze variations across age, gender, and race. Data was collected from the 2011-12, 2013-14, 2015-16, and 2017-20 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for individuals 20 or older. Two …

The Microorganisms Associated With Doliolids In A Productive Coastal Upwelling System, Melissa Steinman, Moritz S. Schmid, Robert K. Cowen, Su Sponaugle, Kelly R. Sutherland, Anne W. Thompson

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Doliolids have a unique ability to impact the marine microbial community through bloom events and filter feeding. Their predation on large eukaryotic microorganisms is established and evidence of predation on smaller prokaryotic microorganisms is beginning to emerge. We studied the association between microorganisms and wild-caught doliolids in the Northern California Current system. Doliolids were collected during bloom events identified at three different shelf locations with variable upwelling intensity. We discovered doliolids were associated with a range of prokaryotic microbial functional groups, which included free-living pelagic Archaea, SAR11, and picocyanobacteria. The results suggest the possibility that doliolids could feed on the …

Colsa Faculty Spotlight: David Plachetzki, Unh Communications And Public Affairs

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

The Investigation Of The Antimicrobial And Biofilm-Disrupting Properties Of Synthesized Hemibastadin Derivatives., Antonio Harvey

Longwood Senior Theses

This thesis explores the synthesis of a polyphenolic hemibastadin-1 derivative with presumed antimicrobial properties and improved biological safety. Structural modifications included replacing aromatic bromine atoms with phenolic groups and substituting the oxime linker group on the core structure for a triazole. A divergent synthetic strategy was designed with the dimeric nature of these targeted molecules in mind. Although this stepwise synthesis is not complete, the core triazole derivative was prepared with a respectable overall yield of 47% from the methyl gallate starting material. The final steps of the synthesis will require coupling of the divergent intermediates and deprotection of this …

A Mathematical Model For Malaria Transmission Dynamics In The Population With Different Immune Status, Neema S. Mbugi, Jacob I. Irunde, Joshua A. Mwasunda, Samson Kiware

Tanzania Journal of Science

Malaria is a febrile illness affecting a large population worldwide. Even though malaria is curable and preventable it continues to pose a significant health risk, economic effects, and social effects in the population. This study formulates a mathematical model to study the transmission dynamics of malaria in a population with different immune status. By dividing the population based on immune status, the model provides insights into how immunity influences the interaction between hosts and malaria parasites, particularly in terms of infection rates, immune responses, and propose appropriate control for effective elimination. The basic reproduction number is computed using the next-generation …

Evaluation Of The Thermal Insulation Potential Of Post-Harvest Blocks Using The Native Strain Of The Edible Mushroom Pleurotus Ostreatus, Miguel Aravena, Leonardo Almonacid-Munoz, Carlos Rojas-Herrera, Hector Herrera, Juan Pablo Cardenas Ramirez, Alejandro Veliz Reyes, Cristiane Sagredo-Saez

School of Art, Design and Architecture

In recent years, the need to adopt materials that are partially or fully recyclable or biodegradable has grown significantly. This paper presents a study aiming to develop a physical and thermal characterization of post-harvest blocks (spent mushroom substrate) used in the production of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in order to test its feasibility as an insulation material. For this purpose, culture blocks based on wheat straw residues were prepared using a wild strain of the fungus. After the mushroom harvest, the post-harvest blocks were evaluated for stability, thermal conductivity, moisture content, fire behavior, and surface analysis. The results showed …

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends In E. Coli Causing Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections In The United States, Simren Mahajan, Neena Kanwar, Gina M. Morgan, Rodrigo E. Mendes, Brian R. Lee, Dithi Banerjee, Rangaraj Selvarangan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common pediatric infections. This study evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 3511 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolated from pediatric patients in the United States from 2014 to 2023. The database from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program from 89 medical centers was utilized as a data source. The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the microbroth dilution technique against 24 antimicrobial agents. MICs were determined using the CLSI/EUCAST/FDA breakpoint criteria. All the antimicrobials reported susceptibility rates above 80% except for tetracycline (76.2%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (69.7%), and ampicillin-sulbactam (55.7%). During the study period, the susceptibility rates …

Sirtuins As Key Regulators In Pancreatic Cancer: Insights Into Signaling Mechanisms And Therapeutic Implications, Surbhi Chouhan, Anil Kumar, Naoshad Muhammad, Darksha Usmani, Tabish H Khan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as one of the most lethal cancers, marked by rapid progression, pronounced chemoresistance, and a complex network of genetic and epigenetic dysregulation. Within this challenging context, sirtuins, NAD

Spino-Plastic Surgery: Addressing Spinal Tumors With New Techniques, Casey Martinez, Isra Abdulwadood, Sebastian Winocour, Alexander E Ropper, Marco Innocenti, Michael Bohl, Maziyar Kalani, Edward M Reece

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/Objectives: Spino-plastic surgery describes a specialized, multidisciplinary approach to addressing various spinal pathologies. The field is the innovative product of a multidisciplinary collaboration between plastic and reconstructive, orthopedic, and neurosurgery. Over the last few decades, this collaboration has borne promising surgical techniques and treatment plans geared toward restoring form, function, and aesthetics in patients with a variety of spinal conditions, including failed fusions, pseudoarthrosis, and the need for oncologic reconstruction. This paper explores the application of spino-plastic surgery in the context of post-sarcoma resection reconstructions, focusing on the efficacy in addressing the unique challenges posed by extensive tissue loss and …

Comparative Study Of Rice Morphological And Physiological Characteristics Of Rice Grown Under Organic And Inorganic Farming, Amad Safrudin, Ratna Dewi, Dulbari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Organic farming practices have shown a potential to improve rice yields, aside from the popular conventional ones. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the morpho-physiological characteristics of rice plants grown under organic and inorganic farming. This research was conducted at the Polinela Organic Farm experimental station (5°21'10"S 105°13'43"E, 114 m sea above level), from February to April 2023 using a completely randomized design. The results showed that rice grown organically exhibited a notably higher chlorophyll index and actual water use efficiency compared to those grown inorganically. Conversely, inorganic farming resulted in a greater number of tillers than organic farming. However, …

Maize Hybrids’ Genetic Variability Based On Qualitative And Quantitative Traits, Slamet Bambang Priyanto, Herawati, Suwarti, Ayyub Ar Rahman, Nining Nurini Andayani, Abdul Fattah, Muhammad Azrai

Jurnal Kultivasi

Genetic variability was a prerequisite to doing a plant breeding program. A broad genetic variability allows plant breeders to select a desired genotype. This research aims to assess the maize hybrid's genetic variability based on qualitative and quantitative traits. This research was conducted in the Bone district, south Sulawesi, from November 2022 to March 2023. Fifteen maize hybrids were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The variables observed are qualitative and quantitative traits. Principal component (PCA) and cluster analyses assessed the genetic variability. The result indicated that based on a loading factor greater than 0.70, the …

Quantum And Bio-Inspired Self-Healing Networks, Na

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques to reduce the costs and inefficiencies associated with providing redundancy in networks by using self-healing network architectures. The techniques feature quantum-inspired routing algorithms (QIRA) and bio-inspired self-healing (BISHA). QIRA leverages quantum principles to concurrently explore multiple paths and to share information about network conditions through quantum entanglement. BISHA leverages cellular automata to mediate inter-device communication, such that when a failure is detected, the device is isolated and information about the failure is communicated to neighboring devices. The neighboring devices collaborate to reconfigure the network topology and reroute data traffic around the failed component. Machine learning algorithms, …

Garcinia Pedunculata Roxb. Ex Buch.-Ham. Leaf Extract Ameliorates Diabetes In Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes In Rats, Kangkan Kalita, Techi Gello, Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Zothan Puia

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

Although medicinal plants have been historically used for diabetes treatment throughout the world, few of them have been validated by scientific criteria. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder manifests as elevated blood glucose levels when the body cannot create sufficient amounts of insulin or utilize the insulin produced. This may be due to the free radicals present in the body. The antioxidants help to neutralize the free radicals by donating electron and thus protect from various oxidative stress diseases. The aim of this work is to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant study, in vitro and in vivo …

Variant Minds - Designing For Neurodiversity In Offices, Maya Schiltz, Robin Puttock

Symposium of Student Scholars

High-functioning adults with cognitive disorders such as ADHD, Autism, and Anxiety are often overlooked when considering solutions to help neurodiverse individuals thrive. While low-functioning neurodiverse adults often receive support through specialized programs and care facilities, high-functioning neurodiverse individuals are expected to integrate into traditional work environments, which can severely impede their ability to succeed. Despite growing awareness around creating neurodivergent-friendly workplaces, many office designs continue to follow a “one-size-fits-all” approach, typically featuring open desk arrays, a few private offices, and meeting rooms. This setup fails to provide adequate separation from distractions such as noise, smells, visual glare, and other sensory …

Deadly Nights, Tracy Inskip

Philomathean

No abstract provided.

Screams In The Woods: Friendship And Forbidden Secrets, Jade Bauer

Philomathean

No abstract provided.

Screams In The Woods: Friendship And Forbidden Secrets, Jade Bauer

Philomathean

No abstract provided.

A Mourning Glory, Zoe Martin

Philomathean

No abstract provided.

The Mad Scientist, Melissa Buckley

Philomathean

No abstract provided.

Single-Molecule Studies Reveal The Off-Pathway Early Paused State Intermediates As A Target Of Streptolydigin Inhibition Of Rna Polymerase And Its Dramatic Enhancement By Gre Factors, Anatolii Arseniev, Mikhail Panfilov, Georgii Pobegalov, Alina Potyseva, Polina Pavlinova, Maria Yakunina, Jookyung Lee, Sergei Borukhov, Konstantin Severinov, Mikhail Khodorkovskii

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Antibiotic streptolydigin (Stl) inhibits bacterial transcription by blocking the trigger loop folding in the active center of RNA polymerase (RNAP), which is essential for catalysis. We use acoustic force spectroscopy to characterize the dynamics of transcription elongation in ternary elongation complexes (ECs) of RNAP in the presence of Stl at a single-molecule level. We found that Stl induces long-lived stochastic pauses while the instantaneous velocity of transcription between the pauses is unaffected. Stl enhances the short-lived pauses associated with an off-pathway early paused state intermediates of the RNAP nucleotide addition cycle. Unexpectedly, we found that transcript cleavage factors GreA and …

Rna Splicing As A Biomarker And Phenotypic Driver Of Meningioma Dna-Methylation Groups., Nathan Leclair, Abrar Choudury, William C Chen, Stephen T Magill, Kathleen Mccortney, Craig M Horbinski, Zhenhong Chen, Ezequiel Goldschmidt, Charlotte D Eaton, Ketan R Bulsara, Wenya Linda Bi, Akash J Patel, Felix Sahm, David Raleigh, Olga Anczuków

Faculty Research 2024

BACKGROUND: Advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of meningiomas have led to significant gains in the ability to predict patient prognosis and tumor recurrence and to identify novel targets for therapeutic design. Specifically, classification of meningiomas based on DNA methylation has greatly improved our ability to risk stratify patients, however new questions have arisen in terms of the underlying impact these DNA-methylation signatures have on meningioma biology.

METHODS: This study utilizes RNA-sequencing data from 486 meningioma samples corresponding to 3 meningioma DNA-methylation groups (merlin-intact, immune-enriched, and hypermitotic), followed by in vitro experiments utilizing human meningioma cell lines.

RESULTS: …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - December 5, 2024, Lindsay Hughes

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the Thursday, December 5, 2024 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter -- Watercooler.

Contents include:

• Students, faculty present research at international meeting on tropical medicine
• Medical students present research on peer-to-peer learning at national conference
• USA Health Pediatrics expands with addition of Weidow
• Pierce elected chair of APQI Steering Committee
• Creg named director of Office of Continuing Medical Education
• Dasgupta receives 2024 Mayer Mitchell Award for Excellence in Cancer Research
• Pathology resident presents research on melanoma at national dermapathology conference
• USA Health welcomes Benjamin to infectious disease division

Butterfly Peacock Bass (Cichla Ocellaris), Samuel K. Zellefrow, David Kerstetter, John Nichols

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.