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Brain Text And Sphinx Factor: An Ethical Interpretation Of Adultery In Julian Barnes's Fiction, Yili Tang Dec 2024

Brain Text And Sphinx Factor: An Ethical Interpretation Of Adultery In Julian Barnes's Fiction, Yili Tang

Kritika Kultura

The theme of adultery occupies a central position in literature as it features intense emotions and conflicts between the self and others in its interplay of loyalty and illicit desire. From the perspective of ethical literary criticism, brain text and Sphinx factor are two critical terms that help us explore the value of adultery as a fictional theme. As one of the basic forms of a material carrier that literary work relies on, brain text stores human beings’ cognition and perception as memory in its special biological form, interacting with the Sphinx factor which is composed of two parts — …

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Ethical Selection And Brain Text: The Development Of Ethical Literary Criticism, Gexin Yang, Hongxia Zheng Dec 2024

Ethical Selection And Brain Text: The Development Of Ethical Literary Criticism, Gexin Yang, Hongxia Zheng

Kritika Kultura

This essay examines the discursive emergence of ethical literary criticism—a new wave of theory and practice of literary criticism that has developed in the West even as it has also historically thrived in China. It begins with the revival of ethical criticism in the West when American ethical criticism blossomed and advanced new conceptions of reading. The paper then turns “eastward” to China and discusses the historical context in which ethical literary criticism emerged in the country. It surveys the history of importation of Western theories and the resulting inundation of the “theoretical complex” since China’s opening up to the …

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Problematizing The Validity Of Neurethics And Moral Treatment: Brain Text As A New Humanistic Approach To Moral Education, Yanyan Jia, Houliang Chen Dec 2024

Problematizing The Validity Of Neurethics And Moral Treatment: Brain Text As A New Humanistic Approach To Moral Education, Yanyan Jia, Houliang Chen

Kritika Kultura

With the advancements in neuroscience and technology, the neurocognitive approach to the human brain seems to outrun the traditional humanistic approach to moral studies, while its demystification and biological reduction of morality is also questionable, particularly, its implicative suggestion for moral treatment. Contrastingly, ethical literary criticism, especially the brain text theory proposed by Zhenzhao Nie, enlightens us with a new approach to moral education. Essentially different from the clinical moral treatment advocated by neuroethics, ethical literary criticism does not diagnose a particular reader as a “moral patient” in advance, but instead thinks it necessary for all people to get good …

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Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng

Kritika Kultura

From the perspective of the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism and specific key concepts such as brain text and electronic text, this paper attempts to examine the conflicts between the mechanical and the human in Ian McEwan’s novel Machines Like Me (2019) in order to explore issues such as natural selection, ethical selection, ethical consciousness, and artificial intelligence. Taking these thematic concerns as reference points, this paper argues that a human being is a product of natural selection and ethical selection, while a machine is a product of scientific selection. In the novel, the conflicts between the three main …

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Introduction: Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Introduction: Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

This introduction briefly frames the parameters within which the eight articles of the Forum explore the topic of ethical literary criticism, and more specifically brain text, and attempts at reading anew selected texts from World Literature. In addition to offering brief summaries of the articles, it also reflects on possible directions for future research and theory and practice of ethical criticism in response to recent developments in the literary scene like the rise of new “genres” in the digital world.

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Ethical Literary Criticism: Oral Literature And The Formation Mechanism Of Brain Text, Zhenzhao Nie Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism: Oral Literature And The Formation Mechanism Of Brain Text, Zhenzhao Nie

Kritika Kultura

In the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism, the existence of all literatures relies on what is called a text; it includes oral literature, a term that largely refers to literature disseminated orally. Before its dissemination, however, the text of oral literature, which can be properly termed as “brain text,” is stored in the human brain. By brain text, what is referred to is the textual form used for storytelling before writing symbols were created and used to record information; it has continued to exist even after the creation of such symbols. Other types of texts exist apart from brain …

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The Bago And The Matandá: Representations Of The Colonizer In Spanish Narratives About The Philippines In The Late Nineteenth Century, Cristina Guillén Arnáiz Dec 2024

The Bago And The Matandá: Representations Of The Colonizer In Spanish Narratives About The Philippines In The Late Nineteenth Century, Cristina Guillén Arnáiz

Kritika Kultura

This article sets out to explore two of the most prominent recurring figures in Spanish literary production about the Philippines at the end of the nineteenth century: the so-called bago, a Spaniard who is “new” to the islands, meaning that they just arrived in the Philippines, and the bago’s counterpart, the matandá, a Spaniard who has spent a considerable amount of time in the colony. The bipartite trope is studied in nine texts by Spanish authors, written between 1876 and 1894. By composing scenes of encounter between these two figures, the authors seek to illuminate an idea of ambivalence present …

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Matter Really Matters: A Poetic Material Islemecocritical Reading Of Inanimateness Animism, Inas Samy Abolfotoh Dec 2024

Matter Really Matters: A Poetic Material Islemecocritical Reading Of Inanimateness Animism, Inas Samy Abolfotoh

Kritika Kultura

Inanimateness is a common characteristic of physical matter. Non-living nature is regarded as a lifeless object. Its value in scientific fields stems from being a container of living ecosystems. Poets, however, have a different vision. They perceive a type of mysterious life in what is scientifically labeled inanimate. It is a different type of life, an anonymous one that cannot be empirically proven but is strongly sensed by persistent observers. Material Islamecocriticism, which is a Material Ecocriticism from an Islamic perspective, deciphers this puzzling view of the inert world: the in-between death-life position. This position makes some see it as …

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Speaking Across The Lines: 1965, The Family, And Reconciliation In Indonesia, Kar-Yen Leong Dec 2024

Speaking Across The Lines: 1965, The Family, And Reconciliation In Indonesia, Kar-Yen Leong

Kritika Kultura

In the aftermath of the 1965 killings, Suharto’s New Order regime in Indonesia initiated a series of policies and ideological programs that sought to turn the Southeast Asian nation into an “integral state.” The family unit then became institutionalized and idealized as an object providing the state with the necessary discursive language to maintain then-president Suharto’s three-decade long rule. His regime, however, continued to demonize hundreds of thousands of former political detainees, denying their families access to basic rights. Branded as having come from “unclean environments,” the descendants of the Suharto regime’s political detainees continue to face discrimination even after …

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Colonial Mobility And The Biopolitics Of The Colonial Non-Place, Jinhyoung Lee Dec 2024

Colonial Mobility And The Biopolitics Of The Colonial Non-Place, Jinhyoung Lee

Kritika Kultura

By approaching Namcheon Kim’s short story “On the Road” (1939) from the new mobilities paradigm, this paper explores the paradoxical relationship between the colonial government and the postcolonial politics in late colonial Korea. In this short story, the Korean territories in the late 1930s are represented as colonial “non-places,” in which is exercised imperialistic biopower through colonial mobility. The Korean people residing in the non-places are characterized as bare lives on-the-move who only seek to survive, yielding their political rights to the imperialistic biopower. Thereby, this short story demonstrates the reorganization of the colonial territory as a colonial non-place and …

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Slow And Quick Violence: Illnesses And Injuries In America Is In The Heart, Ling Liu Dec 2024

Slow And Quick Violence: Illnesses And Injuries In America Is In The Heart, Ling Liu

Kritika Kultura

This article aims to offer a new route into the study of Carlos Bulosan’s America Is in the Heart by going beyond the usual sociocultural focus and turning instead to the material, specifically the illnesses and injuries borne by Filipino bodies—tuberculosis, syphilis, hunger, injuries, even death—to learn about their colonial and migrant experiences. In the novel, tuberculosis affects working-class migrant Filipinos disproportionately in both the Philippines and the United States of America. Migrant Filipinos are also constantly haunted by hunger and are always injured, or even shot; and working-class women frequently die from syphilis. Applying ecocritical theories to study the …

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Melodrama Of Migration: Suffering, Performance, And Stardom In Ricardo Lee's Dh: Domestic Helper, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr. Dec 2024

Melodrama Of Migration: Suffering, Performance, And Stardom In Ricardo Lee's Dh: Domestic Helper, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr.

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Reimagining The Fluid Categorization Of The Communist, Chinese, And Jews In Umar Kayam's Fiction, Paulus Sawarto Dec 2024

Reimagining The Fluid Categorization Of The Communist, Chinese, And Jews In Umar Kayam's Fiction, Paulus Sawarto

Kritika Kultura

This essay revisits DH: Domestic Helper, a 1992 play from the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) that explores how Philippine labor out-migration ensnares female migrant subjects in states of perennial leave-takings and tentative resettlements abroad. The discussion comprehends the suffering that overseas Filipina workers experience, as well as the agency that they demonstrate through performance in everyday life outside their source country. This essay concludes with an inter-subjective analysis of the very star and ultimate persuasion of PETA’s phenomenal theater production, Nora Aunor, the melodramatic mode of theater making, and the topic of labor out-migration. By putting these issues side …

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Enmeshing Class, Gender, And Ethnicity Of "Family" In Selected Fiction By Women Writers, Sri Mulyani Dec 2024

Enmeshing Class, Gender, And Ethnicity Of "Family" In Selected Fiction By Women Writers, Sri Mulyani

Kritika Kultura

In a Marxist framework, class struggle is prioritized while gender struggle is only secondary. This debate on class over gender priority and vice versa has dominated Anglo-American critical scholarship. Meanwhile, in Asia, Mao Zedong claims that China’s Cultural Revolution has freed women from both class and Confucian patriarchal domination. His claim, however, is far from the truth since Chinese women still have to fight for their equality. Likewise, there are still ongoing struggles for women’s rights and equality in today’s Western societies. This article argues that various revolutionary social changes in Eastern or Western contexts imply a hierarchical relation where …

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Packing Death In Australian Literature, Iris Ralph Dec 2024

Packing Death In Australian Literature, Iris Ralph

Kritika Kultura

In this article, the author identifies critical connections between the transformation of food in the last two hundred thirty years and arguments by animal studies, indigenous studies, ecocriticism, ecofeminism, and environmental history scholars. She does that through a reading of two works of Australian literature: Merlinda Bobis’s cli-fi novel Locust Girl and Evie Wyld’s post-pastoral fiction All the Birds Singing. Bobis’s novel raises questions about the given transformation as it directly relates to the birth of the commercial kangaroo-meat industry, depletion of arable land as a direct consequence of the overuse of it for introduced species of animals reductively called …

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The Problematic Representations Of The Orient, Women, And Food Transformations In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl, Jungyoun Kim Dec 2024

The Problematic Representations Of The Orient, Women, And Food Transformations In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl, Jungyoun Kim

Kritika Kultura

Paolo Bacigalupi’s novel, The Windup Girl, illustrates Bangkok using genetic diseases and plagues. In this work, mass-produced, genetically modified food becomes both a diplomatic weapon and subsistence for survival. Western-based multinational agri-corporations transform food as industrial products, and Bacigalupi in turn illustrates the problems of genetic modification led by global capitalism and multinational corporations. However, his critique of genetic modification and food transformation relies on ethnic and gender stereotyping within an Orientalist frame. While he challenges the practices of corporate capitalism, his representation of Asian cultures and traditions is monolithic and consistently reproductive of Orientalist stereotypes. Also, the politics of …

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Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin Dec 2024

Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin

Kritika Kultura

The use of multimodal texts as a teaching resource is believed to be one of the fundamental requirements in keeping abreast with the rapid evolvement of literacy. This practice is reflected in the teaching of literature at primary schools in Malaysia when graphic novels, an example of a multimodal text, are introduced as one of the contemporary literary texts. The unique combination of language and images to make meaning in new ways is considered to be one of the main attributes why graphic novels are relevant in promoting multimodality in literature learning. Although its benefits are extensively explored, little research …

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The Context And Challenges Of Interdisciplinarity In The Philippines, Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng Dec 2024

The Context And Challenges Of Interdisciplinarity In The Philippines, Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng

Kritika Kultura

The tension between disciplines and interdisciplinary initiatives has been present in different areas around the world. This paper discusses the roots of the tension in the world and in the Philippines, as well as issues and challenges of implementation. It begins with the meaning of discipline and the nuances in the interaction of multiple disciplines, (e.g. multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary) and traces and traces the development of disciplines in relation to the development of higher education. While academic departments and programs give life and power to the disciplines, there were pressures to work across disciplines to achieve the underlying goals …

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Interdisciplinarity From Below, Michael D. Pante Dec 2024

Interdisciplinarity From Below, Michael D. Pante

Kritika Kultura

Interdisciplinarity is one of the key catchphrases that define the ongoing educational reform in the Philippines. Through the K-12 basic education curriculum and the revamped tertiary-level general education curriculum, bureaucrats and their partners in the academe seek to equip students with knowledge and skills that will allow them to think and act beyond their chosen field. Such an edge supposedly affords graduates a competitive advantage in a highly globalized labor market. Nonetheless, one must not be carried away by the hype; interdisciplinarity, especially this version imposed from above, still has to be interrogated. For one, lost in the state-directed discourse …

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Mothering Celebrities: Feminine/Feminist Agency And Subjectivity In The Auto/Biographies Of An Indonesian Female Celebrity, Aquarini Priyatna, Lina Meilinawati Rahayu, Mega Subekti Dec 2024

Mothering Celebrities: Feminine/Feminist Agency And Subjectivity In The Auto/Biographies Of An Indonesian Female Celebrity, Aquarini Priyatna, Lina Meilinawati Rahayu, Mega Subekti

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses motherhood and mothering as portrayed in two auto/biographies of Krisdayanti, a prominent Indonesian female celebrity. Written at two different times and contexts, the first one largely focuses on portraying Krisdayanti in her persona as an Indonesian glamorous celebrity at her peak as it is faithfully observed in her likewise glamorous auto/ biography. The other one, presented in a much simpler book design and more straightforward narration, depicts her more as an ordinary person in her varied roles as a celebrity, a wife, a mother, a daughter, and a sister. The article takes note of the important dynamics …

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Born Of Two Koreas, Of Human Blood: Monstrosity And The Discourse Of Humanity And Pacifism In The Film Bulgasari, Jungman Park Dec 2024

Born Of Two Koreas, Of Human Blood: Monstrosity And The Discourse Of Humanity And Pacifism In The Film Bulgasari, Jungman Park

Kritika Kultura

As in the Western world, Korea has a variety of mythical monsters. Among them is Bulgasari, an iron-eating monster, which will be the main topic of this paper. The monster’s name “Bulgasari” has a paradoxical meaning in Korean, which is “cannot be killed but can be killed by fire.” The meaning of the name represents the wide gamut of ambivalent identity ranging from physical to metaphorical aspects of the monster. It also provides a uniquely Korean reception and interpretation of being monstrous as distinctive from the archetypal imagery and general understanding of monstrosity as “enduring evil,” as seen in most …

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Identities In Exile: Re-Membering Identities, Re-Membering The Nation In Laksmi Pamuntjak's Amba, Siti Nuraishah Amad Dec 2024

Identities In Exile: Re-Membering Identities, Re-Membering The Nation In Laksmi Pamuntjak's Amba, Siti Nuraishah Amad

Kritika Kultura

Laksmi Pamuntjak’s first novel, Amba (2012) is one of several contemporary Indonesian novels by the post-1965 generation that breaks the silence on the violent suppression of the Indonesian left in the mid-1960s. Like other recent creative responses and initiatives by Indonesian artists and civil society, Amba represents the “postmemory” of the 1965-66 events. This paper examines the modes of internal exile triggered by 1965 as portrayed in three characters in Amba and how exile disrupts and delays identity formation across different generations of Indonesians—hence, exiled identities. The history of Moluccan exile post-1950 is also crucial to the novel’s representation of …

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Buen Calubayan: The Artist As Biographer, Brylle B. Tabora Dec 2024

Buen Calubayan: The Artist As Biographer, Brylle B. Tabora

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Out And About: Migrant Bakla, Perverse Intimacies, And The Musical Of Migration In Liza Magtoto’S Care Divas, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr. Dec 2024

Out And About: Migrant Bakla, Perverse Intimacies, And The Musical Of Migration In Liza Magtoto’S Care Divas, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr.

Kritika Kultura

The essay analyzes the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA)’s stage musical, Care Divas, for its figuration of the Filipino migrant worker as bakla and for its consequent queering of labor out-migration from the Philippines. It problematizes the notion of “perverse intimacy,” particularly through the play’s employment of gay language and performance as agentive practices of survival in the diaspora. Finally, it interrogates the play’s aestheticization of kabaklaan and migrant work through a musical drama-comedy format, which deploys song and dance, as well as laughter and sentimentality, in order to make a spectacle out of the foibles of migrant bakla, to …

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Themes From The History Of Capitalism To The Rise Of Us Empire In The Pacific, With Annotations From Selected Works Of E. San Juan, Jr., Kenneth E. Bauzon Dec 2024

Themes From The History Of Capitalism To The Rise Of Us Empire In The Pacific, With Annotations From Selected Works Of E. San Juan, Jr., Kenneth E. Bauzon

Kritika Kultura

This work reconstructs the history of capitalism through the era of European colonialism and the rise of the United States empire in the Pacific. The reconstruction is done by drawing from the works of E. San Juan, Jr., considered arguably one of the great contemporary cultural and literary critics of our time. In this author’s view, San Juan’s lifetime of works offers living documentation of, among others, the history and thought of the modern world highlighted by the rise of capitalism, laying the basis for contemporary neoliberal globalization, and shepherded to its hegemonic status by the preeminent empire, the United …

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Communicating Emotions: How Commercial Manga For Women Approaches 3.11, Olga Antononoka Dec 2024

Communicating Emotions: How Commercial Manga For Women Approaches 3.11, Olga Antononoka

Kritika Kultura

Hagio Moto’s manga series Nanohana was one of the first attempts in female-oriented mainstream manga to depict the 3.11 tragedy and its aftermath. However, it appears to lack in overt social critique, providing instead a highly emotional story about overcoming hardship and maturing. Via a close-reading of Nanohana this article analyzes the modus operandi of social critique in popular manga highlighting the visual conventions of female manga genres and thereby going beyond the plotlines, which have been at the center of critical attention so far. The article contrasts the initial one-shot “Nanohana,” which directly addresses 3.11, with the subsequent three …

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Reconstructing Female Sex In Emergent Novels, Muhammad Alkali, Rosil Talif Dec 2024

Reconstructing Female Sex In Emergent Novels, Muhammad Alkali, Rosil Talif

Kritika Kultura

The notions of, which are at once both anti-masculinity and anti-femininity are topmost aspects of Negotiation-feminism. This new feminism emphasizes the fact that we owe feminism the power and honesty in reconciling the sexes in every prejudice against woman. The significant findings are that a very plausible answer, for example, to a previously unanswerable question has been found against domestic subjugation, and necessarily, such discourse as new novels by new writers on new woman is identifiable. The paper, therefore, argues for the need to step forward together between the sexes in the feminist aspects of exemplary Nigerian novels, demonstrating how …

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Administering Tolfenamic Acid To Gilts And Sows Before Artificial Insemination Did Not Improve Litter Size But Tended To Reduce Post-Service Serum Prostaglandin F2Α Levels, Pachara Pearodwong, Nithitad Jiebna, Padet Tummaruk Dec 2024

Administering Tolfenamic Acid To Gilts And Sows Before Artificial Insemination Did Not Improve Litter Size But Tended To Reduce Post-Service Serum Prostaglandin F2Α Levels, Pachara Pearodwong, Nithitad Jiebna, Padet Tummaruk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study examined the impact of intramuscular administration of tolfenamic acid 10 min before artificial insemination (AI) on serum PGF2α levels and reproductive performance in gilts and sows. In Experiment I, 20 gilts were divided into two groups: control (n = 10) and treatment (n = 10). Serum samples were collected 30 min before and after insemination to measure PGF2α levels. In Experiment II, 175 gilts and sows were divided into control (25 gilts and 56 sows) and treatment (16 gilts and 78 sows) groups. In both experiments, the treatment group received an intramuscular injection of 2 mg/kg tolfenamic acid …

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Deepening Conditions Of Precarity In The Korean Game Industry And Collaborative Strategies To Overcome Constraints, Sangkyu Lee Dec 2024

Deepening Conditions Of Precarity In The Korean Game Industry And Collaborative Strategies To Overcome Constraints, Sangkyu Lee

Kritika Kultura

This paper examines how Korean game developers have been experiencing deepening conditions of precarity and makes a few suggestions regarding how they could overcome their structural limitations. Despite the remarkable growth in the Korean game industry, many underlying problems overshadow its success, such as labor exploitation, low wages, employment instability, and alienated labor. This paper uses a qualitative methodology to investigate the implications of the game industry market’s transition from PC online to the mobile game platform since the 2010s, which contributed to the industry’s deteriorating working condition and production system. Given this context, this study explores how the game …

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Synergistic Co-Operations In The Cosmetic Industry: Learning And Convergence Between Firms And Social Media, Yeon W. Lee Dec 2024

Synergistic Co-Operations In The Cosmetic Industry: Learning And Convergence Between Firms And Social Media, Yeon W. Lee

Kritika Kultura

Hallyu’s creative content, in the form of dramas, music, and movies, has not only expanded and popularized Korean beauty (or K-beauty) products, but has also helped sell Korean fashion and aesthetics throughout the world. This study examines the various success factors behind K-beauty’s competitiveness—particularly by emphasizing the interactive roles of creative content, cosmetic firms, and make-up artists working through their vlogs based on social media and the resultant convergence effects—which has propelled the rapid growth of the K-beauty industry. On top of the cosmetic firms that utilize diverse and effective strategies to penetrate the global market, professional and semi-professional make-up …

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