Digital Commons Network^™

Hygrothermal Performance Of Roofs With High Initial Construction Moisture Subjected To Hot Climate, Hamed H. Saber

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

Moisture accumulation in the building components/assemblies that form building envelopes can lead to material deterioration and moisture related issues such as mould growth. As a part of the building envelope, this study focusses on assessing the moisture performance and energy performance (i.e., hygrothermal performance) of roofing systems. As roofs can be built with high initial construction moisture, numerical simulations were conducted with and without high initial construction moisture in order to investigate: (a) the hygrothermal performance of cool and black roofs having material layer with high initial construction moisture content, (b) the time needed so that the moisture content reaches …

Production And Evaluation Of Activated Carbon From Saudi Arabian Acacia Tortilis Tree Bark By Microwave And Low Temperature Activation Process, Muhammad Saleem

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

In the present work, activated carbon was prepared from Acacia Tortilis tree bark, utilizing phosphoric acid chemical activation, and microwave irradiation (AC-MWI). Activated carbon was also prepared by conventional phosphoric acid chemical activation and low temperature carbonization (AC-CA). Characterization of the activated carbons were performed by proximate analysis adopting ASTM standard procedures. BET-specific surface area, total ash content, bulk density, moisture content, pH, pore volume and iod- ine number were determined. Comparison of characteristics for both carbons, with the characteristics of AC available in the literature and commercially available in the market was performed. Comparison showed that activated carbon produced …

Accurate Mathematical Modeling Of Electronic Load Harmonics Using Machine Learning Software, Ahmad Al-Subhi

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

This paper presents accurate mathematical models for several power system harmonics problems using an efficient machine learning tool, Eureqa. Three previously published research papers that included actual field measurements have been chosen to compare and assess the harmonics mathematical models presented in this paper. Following that, mathematical models of the output parameters as functions of the input parameters have been developed based on these data. For all these different research works and experiments, a total of 17 mathematical models have been built using basic curve fitting tools. Most of these proposed models couldn't fit the experimental data appropriately. Considerable error …

Optimized And Validated Box–Behnken Design Combined Response Surface Methodology To Quantify Acetic Acid Content In Potassium Clavulanate Using High–Performance Liquid Chromatography, Sk Manirul Haque

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

A simple and robust high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection was developed to quantify acetic acid in potassium clavulanate. The chromatographic separation was performed on the Hypersil BDS C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with optimized response surface methodology combined Box–Behnken experimental design. The mobile phase comprises of a buffer prepared by ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (20 mM) containing 0.01% triethylamine, maintained pH between 2.8–3.2 using phosphoric acid and % acetonitrile as per Box–Behnken factorial design. The detection was performed at 235 nm with a mobile phase flow rate of 1 ml/min. The method was validated as per the ICH …

Transfer Learning Approach For Classification Of Widely Used Spices, Arunachalam Sundaram, Abdullahi Masud, Ali Almarhoon, Bhaskarjit Sarmah

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

People around the world relish variety of food that are flavourful. Spices add flavours to the food without adding any fat or calories. People have used spices for many centuries and are an integral part of our food. In addition to aroma, spices also have anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory properties and other health-promoting properties. Recognizing spices from images is a challenging problem for a machine as they come in varying sizes and shapes, different colours, high visual similarity, and texture. The classification of spices presents useful applications in the field of Artificial Intelligence-driven food industry, e-commerce, and health care. In the billion-dollar …

Investigation Of The Molecular Structures, Electronic Properties And Vibrational Spectrum Of Trifluoroacetophenone Using Density Functional Theory, Yunusa Umar

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

Trifluroacetophenone is considered a highly efficient, inexpensive, and green organocatalyst that is used in organic synthesis. Geometry optimization, electronic properties, and frequency calculations of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone are performed using the B3LYP density functional theory method and the 6-311++G(d, p) basis set. The geometrical parameters, frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential surface, and simulated infrared spectrum are reported. The structural parameters are compared with available X-ray diffraction experimental values, and the calculated electronic properties are compared with those of its structural analogue, acetophenone.

Estimating The Energy Recovery Potential From Municipal Solid Waste In Ha’Il Region (Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia), Noureddine Elboughdiri, Muhammad Imran Khan, Takwa Missaoui

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the need of an agile solid waste management (SWM) system is vital to control safely the rapid growth of its municipal solid waste (MSW) with minimal environment toll. Further, the domestic energy production in KSA is thriving and putting a tremendous pressure on its reserves of fossil oil. Waste-to-energy (WTE) plants provides an excellent opportunity, even if MSW mitigation and energy production are usually considered separately. Energy recovery (ER) from waste is not a new field of study; however, its implementation remains a challenge in KSA. Although there is abundance of useful waste …

Solid-Phase Extraction And Gc/Ms Confirmation Of Heroin Abuse In Urine, Mahmoud A. Alabdalla

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

A method for the analysis of urine for the heroin abuse is described. The analytical procedure uses solid-phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It allows extraction, derivatization and analysis of 6-MAM and Morphine from urine. After solid-phase extraction was complete, the eluate was selectively derivatized with N-Methyltrimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). Analysis was performed using a GC/MS system operating in full scan mode. The mass spectrum of the derivatized metabolites was searched manually against reference libraries for positive identification and the retention time checked against that of the standard. This procedure has increased both the amount and the reliability of information given …

Efficient Removal Of Copper And Cadmium From Contaminated Soil Utilizing Electrokinetic Process, Muhammad Saleem

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

Present manuscript demonstrates the efficient removal of copper and cadmium from contaminated soil utilizing electrokinetic process. The results of systematic bench-scale study on improved extraction of copper and cadmium shows the suitability of process to decontaminate low permeable soil. The influence of operating parameters such as electrode material, soil pH, current density, soil temperature, inter-electrode spacing and initial soil moisture content on the decontamination performance is investigated. Study revealed that, removal of copper and cadmium reached to 89.4% and 62.7% respectively while using titanium electrodes. Removal efficiency improved with the increase in current density, soil temperature and initial soil moisture …

Development Of An Optimal Path Planning Using Elite Opposition Based Bat Algorithm For A Mobile Robot, Zaharudeen Haruna, Muhammad B. Mu'azu Mu'azu, Prosper Oyibo, Salawuden A. Tijani

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

This research work presents the development of an optimal path planning using elite opposition based bat algorithm (EOBA) for mobile robot, such that the robot avoids obstacle(s) without making contact with them. The bat algorithm (BA) is a nature. inspired meta-heuristic algorithm that works on the basis of the echolocation behavior of bat. It, however, has a poor exploration capability leading to it easily getting stuck in local optima. The EOBA is developed by modifying the BA with the elite opposition-based learning (EOBL) so as to diversify the solution search space and the inertial weight in order to balance its …

Microwave Against Thermal Treatment For Manufacturing Of Activated Carbon From Agricultural Wastes And Its Use To Adsorb Methylene Blue-Equilibrium Ad Kinetic Studies, Hossam Altaher, Fahd M. Al-Oufi, Yehia H. Magdy, Manar Hassan

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

Dates pits, a widely available agricultural waste, was used to produce two samples of activated carbon. The first sample was prepared by thermal treatment at 500 °C for two hours, and the other one was prepared through microwave irradiation for 12 minutes. Zinc chloride was used as the chemical activator for the two samples. The efficiency of the two samples towards methylene blue adsorption was investigated. The effects of some parameters, such as initial pH of the solution, initial concentration of methylene blue, contact time and adsorbent dose, on the adsorption capacity were also investigated. Equilibrium and kinetic models were …

Study Of The Thermal Properties And Molecular Mass Of Polyhydroxybutyrate Produced By Rhodococcus Equi, Nadia Altaee, Ayad Fahdil, Kumar Sudesh, Emad Yousif

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

In the present study, the ability of Rhodococcus equi for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production was closely observed in the presence of crude palm kernel oil as a carbon source. Gas chromatography analysis proved that the biopolymer was a homopolymer that comprised of 38% polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The melting temperature (at 173°C) and glass transition temperature (at 2.79 °C) of PHA was determined using differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and the decomposition temperature (at 276°C) was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The gel permeation chromatography revealed the average molecular weight (M) to be at 6.42 KD, the number average weight (M) at 373 KD, and …

Theoretical Approach To Study Self-Organizing Properties Of A Nematic Liquid Crystal With Carbon Nanosolid Models, Mehdi Salih Shihab

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

A theoretical study on stable geometries of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) molecule (4- methoxybenzylidene-4'-n-butylaniline (MBBA)) assembled on the carbon nanosolid (CNS) surface models (graphite sheet and carbon nanotube (CNT): zigzag, armchair) has been carried out by using semi-empirical molecular quantum calculations within the parameterized model number 3method as implemented in the Hyperchem package. The interaction of π,π-stacking between the MBBA molecules present on the CNS wall led to the formation of local short-range orientational order due to the LC-CNS binding energy. The binding energy of the LC molecule on the CNS surface was the typical van der Waals interaction. …

Synthesis And Characterization Of New Azo-Schiff Bases And Their Biological Activity, Hamid Hussein Eissa

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

This work focused on the synthesis of new azo Schiff bases which were prepared by condensation of 3-formyl-4-hydroxy phenylazo benzene with both 1,3-diamino xylylene, 2,6-diamino Pyridine, 1,5-diamino-2-methyl pentane respectively. The Schiff bases were checked by different spectral technique (LC-MS, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, IR). The new azo Schiff Bases were studied for antibacterial activities against (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) are Gram positive and (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) is Gram negative. The azo compound ligand were exhibited a vari-able activity of inhibition on the growth of the bacteria.

Aqueous Mediated Diels-Alder Reaction: A Simple Route To The Synthesis Of Piperizine Derivatives, Rasheeth Ahmed Khan, Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy, Karthik S

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

Water is the most environmentally benign inexpensive solvent, and therefore aqueous mediated organic reactions constitute the ideal green chemistry. We herein report an environment friendly Diels Alder reaction of biologically active dihydropyrimidine (DHPM) as dienophile with glyoxime, dimethyl glyoxime and diaminoglyoxime as diene using water as solvent. Though the reaction was slow at room temperature, rate enhancement was observed when it was carried out at the reflux temperature. Further the reaction was also found to proceed smoothly with N-phenyl maleimide as dienophile.

Synthesis, Spectral, Thermal Decomposition, Kinetic And Antimicrobial Studies Of Azo-Schiff Bases, Hamid Hussein Eissa

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

In this work we focused on the synthesis of new Azo-Schiff bases which were prepared by condensation of 3-formyl-4-hydroxy phenylazo benzene with both 1,4-Bis (3- aminopropyl) piprazine, thiocarbohydazide respectively. The Schiff bases were analyzed by different spectral techniques (LC-MS, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, IR). The new Azo-Schiff Bases were studied for antibacterial activities against gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) agents. The azo compound ligand exhibited a variable activity of inhibition on the growth of the bacteria. The compounds were subjected to simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis to study their decomposition mechanism and thermal stability.

Synthesis And Antimicrobaial Evalution Of 3-Isobutyl-2,6-Di(Thiophenyl-3) Piperidin-4-One Derivatives, Kholoud Fahad Hamak, F. Kandil

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

In awide a program of extensive search for new and efficient antimicrobial agents,3- isobutyl -2,6-di(thiophenyl-3)piperidin-4-one(1) and its derivatives (2-4) were synthesized and characterized by IR,LC-MS,'H-NMR, C-NMR.The synthesized compounds 1-5 were tested for their antibacterial activity in vitro against streptococcus bacillus subtilis, Esherichia coli, pseudomonas, and Klebsiella peumoniae. as the standard drug" streptomycin" was used.

Influence Of The Experimental Conditions On The Removal Of Dyes From Aqueous Solutions Using Ultrafiltration, E. N. El – Qada’, N. M. Haimour

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the ability of hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of MWCO of 5 KD made of polysulfone to remove reactive dyes from wastewater. Two reactive dyes, violet 5R and C.I red 222.1, were studied under different experimental conditions of flow rate, temperature, concentration, pH, and transmembrane pressure to determine the best conditions under which the highest percentage of dye removal can be achieved. Binary systems of the two dyes prepared in different ratios to study the ability of membrane to treat solutions containing dye mixtures. It was showed that 91% of violet dye …

Creating And Measuring Relative Hardness Feeling Via Master-Slave Haptic Gripper, Te Tiong Tay, Kiong Wong

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

This paper discusses the completed work in designing a master-slave haptic gripper system aiming to recreate the relative hardness feeling of different real test objects at the slave gripper to the user at the master gripper. The main contribution of this paper is to prove the feasibility of recreating the relative hardness feeling of real objects to the users as oppose to recreating the hardness feeling of virtual objects which has been proven to be feasible for quite some time. Three experiments involving twenty test subjects and fifteen pairs of test object combinations are conducted to evaluate the performance of …

Gratings For Enhanced Sensitivity: Advancing D-Shaped Optical Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors With Ag-Fe2o3 Structures, Yomna Seliem, Sameh O. Abdellatif

Electrical Engineering

This research delves into enhancing biosensing sensitivity by optimizing D-shaped optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors employing - structures. By investigating the influence of different grating structures—rectangular, triangular, and elliptical—on sensor performance, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to ascertain the impact of these structural variations on sensitivity and detection precision. The study revealed that while the rectangular structure exhibited a sensitivity of 6.4 µm/RIU, the triangular structure outperformed with an impressive sensitivity of 7.2 µm/RIU. Moreover, the detection accuracy, quantified by the detection angle (DA), reached µ for the triangular grating, surpassing the rectangular grating’s detection angle of µ. …

The Importance Of Country Of Origin In Vaccine Messaging For H-2a Farmworkers, Anna M. Scheyett, Maria Bowie, Virginia Brown, Andrea Scarrow

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: H-2A farmworkers are disproportionately vulnerable to COVID-19 and understanding their beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccines is important for public health outreach, yet to date little research has examined the influence of country of origin (COO) on the vaccine beliefs of this uniquely transient population.

Methods: Three focus groups (N=30) were held with H-2A farmworkers in South Georgia to explore their beliefs on COVID-19 vaccines, using thematic analyses to identify COO influences on these beliefs.

Results: Family in COO influenced worker vaccine beliefs through direct advice, commonly held beliefs in COO about harmful government agendas via vaccines increased worker vaccine fears, …

Impact Of Fresh-Cut Onion Types And Flavonoid Profiles On The Survival Kinetics Of Foodborne Pathogen During Refrigerated Storage, Veerachandra Yemmireddy, Matthew Mancias

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

This study investigated the effect of onion flavonoid profiles on the growth, survival, and/or death kinetics of foodborne pathogens in fresh-cut onions at 4 °C. Fresh-cut white, yellow, red, and sweet onions were inoculated with separate four-strain cocktail(s) of nalidixic acid-adapted Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes achieving a 4 to 5 log CFU g−1. The samples were stored in clam shell containers at 4 °C and 70 ± 2 % relative humidity for 14 days. Additionally, flavonoid profiles were determined on uninoculated control samples stored under similar conditions using standard chromatography techniques, with quercetin derivatives identified as …

Prediction Of Unit Haulage Cost In An Underground Mine Using Machine Learning Techniques, Marco Cotrina, Jairo Marquina, Junior Polo

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The primary objective of the research was to apply machine learning techniques to forecast the unit costs of ore hauling in an underground mine. The methodology employed was quantitative, with a non-experimental and descriptive design. Haulage data were collected over a 12-month period. Furthermore, an exploratory data analysis (EDA) was conducted using various models, including ANN-MLP (Artificial Neural Network – Multilayer Perceptron), Random Forests, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Regression, Decision Tree, KNN, and Bayesian Regression, to handle the data’s complexity. The data were split into 80% for training, 10% for testing, and 10% for validation. The results indicated that …

“Hippo” Law Law And The Biodiversity Crisis Of Habitat Loss, Invasive Species, Pollution, Population, And Overharvesting, Andrew W. Torrance, Bill Tomlinson

UC Law SF International Law Review

This article explores the critical issue of biodiversity loss through the lens of the “HIPPO” acronym coined by Edward O. Wilson: Habitat loss, Invasive species, Pollution, Population, and Overharvesting. It examines the ecological and social ramifications of declining biodiversity and assesses existing legal frameworks aimed at mitigating these threats. Furthermore, the article proposes innovative legal mechanisms to address each HIPPO factor, offering a legal approach that spans many different domains. By integrating comparative legal analysis and suggesting forward-looking legal reforms, this work aims to contribute to the conservation efforts essential for sustaining biodiversity in the face of escalating environmental challenges.

Comparative Analysis Of Oxygenators And Anticoagulation Strategies In Neonatal And Pediatric Ecmo Patients, Debra E. Newton, Johanna I. Orrick

Presentations

Background: Due to supply chain challenges, our institution transitioned from Pediatric Quadrox oxygenators to Nautilus oxygenators for neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients. During this transition, variations in anticoagulation results were observed with bivalirudin, the first-line anticoagulant, in patients weighing less than 8 kg. This study aimed to evaluate heparin as an alternative anticoagulant in this patient population utilizing Nautilus oxygenators. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 29 neonatal and pediatric ECMO patients (weight range: 2.3–6.1 kg). Patients were divided into three groups based on oxygenator and anticoagulant type: · Group 1: Quadrox with bivalirudin (n=11) · …

The Roddey Mcmillan Record - March 2025, Winthrop University

The RMR 2020-2029

The Roddey McMillan Record (RMR) is Winthrop’s monthly multicultural student publication. The RMR has been a significant voice of the minority population of the Winthrop community since its creation by Gail Harris in April 1986. It promotes awareness and understanding of issues concerning minorities for the prosperity of the entire Winthrop community. The purpose of the RMR is to shine light on the many diverse cultures at Winthrop, focusing on issues, concerns and happenings of those who represent the multicultural community on campus. The Roddey McMillan Record is named after Dr. Cynthia Roddey and Atty, Sheila McMillan. Cynthia Roddey was …

Stifled Voices: World War Ii From The Upper Peninsula, Elijah H. Croschere

HS 390 Primary Research Papers

Academic scholarship on World War II is primarily based around letters and correspondence between soldiers and their families. A large body of such correspondence exists for both the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan; yet, most scholarship on the state’s connection to World War II is centered around strictly the Lower Peninsula. This is especially strange when comparing the data on enlisted soldiers from both Peninsulas, as we find the percentage of the population who enlisted in the US Army from the Upper Peninsula is roughly double that of the percentage for Lower Peninsula enlistments. There are clear reasons as …

Making Waves: Depression Era Violent Crime In The Upper Peninsula And The United States, Zoe Jancek

HS 390 Primary Research Papers

The Great Depression overlaps with several other important historical eras, all of which had their own impact on crime. This study looks at stressors throughout the decade of the Great Depression to attempt to understand how they affect people and therefore, how they affect the amount of violent crimes committed in both a broad and specific sense. Using statistics and historical accounts, this research analyzes topics such as culture, mental and physical health, substance abuse, gangs, and the effects of Prohibition. The fluctuations can be attributed to economic, social, and cultural factors such as Prohibition and the rise of organized …

The March Of The Naples Soldier: A Look Into The Spanish Flu Pandemic 1918-1920, Javier Pena Reyes

HS 390 Primary Research Papers

This paper dives into the memory of Spanish Influenza from 1918 to 1920. It will analyze and deconstruct the fear caused or absent during that time and later in the records and literature. The comparison of the time of the Spanish Flu will be contrasted with the memory of the time period with the including of Pale Horse, Pale Rider, which was written in 1939. It will compare these two times and conclude with the recent COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021.

It was November 2019, and reports of a new respiratory disease from Wuhan, China, began to trickle …

Cargo Hitchhiking Autophagy - A Hybrid Autophagy Pathway Utilized In Yeast, Katrina F Cooper

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Macroautophagy is a catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling intracellular material through the use of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. In turn, autophagosomes fuse with vacuoles (in yeast and plants) or lysosomes (in metazoans), where resident hydrolases degrade the cargo. Given the conservation of autophagy,