Digital Commons Network^™

Fems And Thems, Jasmin Shirazian

Redwood Roots Digital Magazine

No abstract provided.

Full Issue

Redwood Roots Digital Magazine

No abstract provided.

Yiqi Yangyin Tongluo Prescription Targets Lncrna Vim-As1 To Regulate Foxk2/Mtor To Promote Autophagy And Inhibit Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Apoptosis, Rucui Yu, Ruiying Wu, Tingting Chen, Jingwei Xu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one dominating reason for death in diabetic patients, and its incidence is high. It has been reported that Yiqi Yangyin Tongluo prescription (YYTP) can relieve inflammation, and it owns better clinical effects in the treatment of DN. However, the molecular mechanisms of YYTP in the treatment of DN still keep unclear, and deeply investigations are needed. In this study, it firstly was manifested that YYTP can repress the lncRNA VIM-antisense 1 (VIM-AS1) expression in high glucose (HG)-evoked HK-2 cells. Overexpression of VIM-AS1 roll-backed the inhibitive impacts of YYTP on cell apoptosis in HG-triggered HK-2 cells. Additionally, …

Evaluating The Cost-Effectiveness Of Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab In Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights From Taiwan, Tsung-Wei Chang, Wei-Chiao Chang, Wan-Hsuan Chou, Wei-Pin Chang, Chun-Nan Kuo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Following the observed significant improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival in clinical trials, the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has been recommended as a first-line therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its clinical benefits, the high cost associated with this treatment poses a substantial challenge in routine practice in Taiwan. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in comparison to sorafenib monotherapy. This study utilized partitioned survival analysis and extrapolated survival over a 20-year horizon to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the National Health Insurance Administration. Efficacy and utility data …

Ping-Chong-Jiang-Ni Formula Effectively Inhibits Migration And Invasion Of Endometriosis 12z Cell Line Via Trip13, Jiahua Peng, Shuzhen Liu, Yunxiang Xie, Min Xiao, Chichiu Wang, Ruining Liang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Ping-Chong-Jiang-Ni Formula (PCJNF), a compound of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has demonstrated remarkable clinical effectiveness and is widely utilized in the treatment of endometriosis (EMs). Previous studies have shown that PCJNF inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) by modulating the JNK signaling pathway. In our most recent study, published in January 2024, we found that PCJNF effectively alleviates EMs-associated pain by reducing inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Furthermore, PCJNF down-

regulates the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), phosphorylated TRPV1 (p-TRPV1), and protein …

In Vitro Metabolic Profiling Of Methylenedioxy-Substituted Synthetic Cathinones For Enhanced Detection In Urine Sample Analysis, Ya-Ling Yeh, Chin-Lin Hsieh, Yi-Jia Huang, Yu-Hsiang Chang, Sheng-Meng Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Synthetic cathinones are a widely abused class of new psychoactive substances that pose significant challenges in forensic toxicology owing to their complex metabolic pathways and lack of verified reference standards. This study investigated the in vitro metabolism of nine methylenedioxy-substituted synthetic cathinones, including methylone and eight structural isomers, which were categorized into three groups: Group 1 (dimethylone, ethylone, and butylone), Group 2 (dibutylone, pentylone, and eutylone), and Group 3 (N-ethylpentylone and dipentylone). Pooled human liver microsomes, cytosol, and uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid were used to identify phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ metabolites by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Key pathways included …

Integrating Network Analysis And Experimental Validation To Reveal The Ferroptosis-Associated Mechanism Of Velvet Antler In The Treatment Of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis, Quan Liao, Zhenzhen Guo, Chenchun Ding, Renjie Zuo, Guoyan Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is precancerosis with limited treatment options. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of velvet antler (VA), a traditional natural medicine, on CAG, with a focus on ferroptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrated the efficacy of VA in alleviating CAG, and network pharmacology analysis revealed its involvement in related terms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation. Analyses further confirmed the modulation of ferroptosis by VA, particularly via the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway. In vitro assays supported these findings, demonstrating the ability of VA to reduce methylnitronitrosoguanidine-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in GES-1. This study provides a basis for …

Jiao San Xian Granule Containing Prebiotic Alleviate Functional Dyspepsia By Regulating Intestinal Flora And The Secretion Of Inflammatory Response, Huimin Pei, Mengyuan Zhao, Hongyue Wang, Xindi Zhang, Caihong Shi, Xiangrong Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Jiao Sanxian (JSX) consists of three traditional Chinese medicine including charred hawthorn, malt and Liu Shen Qu, they are also from Chinese medicine homologous food. It is commonly used to relieve functional dyspepsia (FD). The present study aims to explore the mechanism of JSX (granule), with the addition of prebiotics for the treatment of FD using mice model. The network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to forecast therapeutic targets for JSX. Based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) results, thirteen targets exhibited strong interactions with each other. The results of network pharmacology and molecular docking revealed therapeutic activity of JSX …

Regulatory Framework And Challenges For Live Biotherapeutic Products In Taiwan, Shirley Pan, Jia-Chuan Hsu, Kuo-Teng Hung, Ching-Jung Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Products containing live microorganisms may be classified as food or drugs depending on their intended use; live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) with therapeutic claims are defined as medicinal products containing live bacteria or yeasts intended to prevent or treat disease. Based on their characteristics, LBPs are classified as biological drugs and must be registered as biological drugs before they can enter the Taiwanese market. As research into the microbiota and its role in health and disease continues to advance, LBPs are expected to play an increasingly important role in medicine and biotechnology. With the growing popularity of microbial applications in recent …

Aspergillosis: A Comprehensive Review Of Pathogenesis, Drug Resistance, And Emerging Therapeutics, Amanpreet Singh, Jeewanjot Singh, Sandeep Kumar

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aspergillosis stands as a primary opportunistic fungal infection which mainly results from Aspergillus fumigatus events that have gained more importance because of its multiple infection patterns and developing antifungal resistance. Healthcare providers identify two main ends of the aspergillosis spectrum which include allergic responses and invasive systemic infections that affect mainly immunocompromised subjects. This review presents a detailed summary for understanding the epidemiology of aspergillosis along with its risk factors as well as pathogenesis and host immune response and diagnostic difficulties. The analysis puts significant weight on increasing azole and echinocandin resistance that has become worse because of agricultural and …

Predictive Model For Hemoglobin Levels Using Multiple Linear Regression, Dien Gusta Anggraini Nursal, Muhammad Daffa Atthariq Winata, Nohan Arum Romadlona, Noura Rizki, Sabillah Nasitoh, Muhammad Sakhi Baretta

Journal of Health Research

Background: Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin (Hb) levels fall below normal, limiting the ability of blood to transport oxygen effectively. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for Hb levels by identifying significant risk factors.

Method: This observational analytic study was conducted among 103 randomly selected students of Bung Hatta University in Padang, Indonesia. Data were collected with a questionnaire and a hemoglobin test between April to May 2024. Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were performed in this study.

Results: Bivariate analysis showed significant correlations between Hb levels …

The Prevalence And Prediction Of Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In The Lower South Of Thailand, Akemat Wongpairin, Apiradee Lim, Haris Khurram

Journal of Health Research

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a major health issue globally, particularly in middle-income countries. This study assessed the prevalence and factors linked to uncontrolled T2DM and proposed a machine learning model for early prediction in southern Thailand.

Methods: Data from 60,903 T2DM patients (2016–2023) were obtained from Thailand's National Health Data Center. Multiple logistic regression identified associated factors, and machine learning models were compared for prediction.

Results: Uncontrolled T2DM prevalence was 53.5%, highest among patients ≤44 years (69.5%) and in Pattani (61.6%), Satun (58.1%), and Narathiwat (56.7%). Risk factors included being female, younger age, early or long disease duration, …

Individual- And Contextual-Level Factors: A Multilevel Analysis Of Colorectal Cancer Risk In Thai Older Adults, Jiranya Bureemas, Jarin Chindaprasirt, Pongdech Sarakarn

Journal of Health Research

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing public health concern, especially among older adults. In Thailand, CRC risk is influenced by individual and environmental factors. This study investigates the association between individual- and contextual-level factors and CRC risk in Thai older adults.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study included 11,167 adults aged ≥60 years from the Khon Kaen Cohort Study (1990–2001), followed through 2020. CRC cases were histologically confirmed. Multilevel Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Over a median follow-up of 21.7 years, 100 CRC cases were identified. At the individual level, unemployment (HR = …

Renal Function Associated With Mortality Among Patients With Leptospirosis In Upper Southern Thailand: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study, Lamoon Saengsuwan, Somkiattiyos Woradet, Bhunyabhadh Chaimay

Journal of Health Research

Background: Leptospirosis is a major public health issue in tropical regions. This study investigated the association between renal function and mortality among leptospirosis patients in upper southern Thailand.

Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on leptospirosis patients from 2012 to 2018. Cases were patients who died, while controls were survivors (1:3 ratio). A total of 42 cases and 126 controls were included. Data were sourced from the Office of Disease Prevention and Control 11, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, and medical records. Key renal function indicators included blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In-hospital mortality …

Erectile Function And Quality Of Life Among Undergraduate University Students In Almaty, Kazakhstan, Malik Safargaliyev, Denis Vinnikov

Journal of Health Research

Background: Erectile function (EF) in healthy young adults and students is underexplored, as erectile dysfunction (ED) is typically linked to aging. This study aimed to quantify EF in university students and examine its association with quality of life (QL).

Method: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,556 undergraduate students (aged 16 to 22 years; median: 18, IQR: 18–19) at the largest university in Kazakhstan, Almaty. Participants completed a web-based anonymous survey assessing EF using the IIEF-5 and QL using the WHOQOL-BREF. The association between EF and QL was analyzed using multivariate linear regression.

Results: Quality of life (QL) scores were …

Examining Changes In Control Beliefs And The Role Of Self-Determination In A Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention For Elementary-Aged Students, Laura Saldana

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

To date, cognitive behavioral intervention studies for youth focus on symptom reduction to evaluate treatment efficacy without studying changes in youth coping. The present study, backed by Motivational Theory of Coping and Self-Determination Theory, used a randomized control trial design to examine the effects of a brief (5-session), group-based, cognitive-behavioral intervention called Act and Adapt – SP on adaptive coping, maladaptive coping, competence, and relatedness in a sample of academically underperforming 3^rd and 4^th graders (N = 56; M_age = 8.8 years; 62.5% female; 78.6% Latinx). Act and Adapt – SP was designed for Saturday …

Versatile Imidazole Scaffold With Potent Activity Against Multiple Apicomplexan Parasites, Monique Khim, Jemma Montgomery, Mariana Laureano De Souza, Melvin Delvillar, Lyssa J. Weible, Mayuri Prabakaran, Matthew A. Hulverson, Tyler Eck, Rammohan Y. Bheemanabonia, P. Holland Alday, David P. Rotella, J. Stone Doggett, Bart L. Staker, Kayode K. Ojo, Purnima Bhanot

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis are caused by apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Cryptosporidium parvum, respectively, and pose major health challenges. Their therapies are inadequate, ineffective or threatened by drug resistance. The development of novel drugs against them requires innovative and resource-efficient strategies. We exploited the kinome conservation of these parasites to determine the cellular targets and effects of two Plasmodium falciparum inhibitors in T. gondii and C. parvum. The imidazoles, (R)-RY-1-165 and (R)-RY-1-185, were developed to target the cGMP dependent protein kinase of P. falciparum (PfPKG), orthologs of which are present in T. gondii and C. parvum. Using …

Murine Tbk1 Regulates Mpp3-Type Hspcs And Circulating Leukocytes In Normal Hematopoiesis And Flt3+ Lscs In Mll-Af9-Driven Leukemia, Austin P. Runde, Joseph Cannova, Ryan Mack, Kanak Joshi, Mark Sellin, Rohit Thalla, Allan Youmaran, Mattias Lenz, Peter Breslin, Wei Wei, Jiwang Zhang

School of Medicine

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic cancer with a notoriously bleak prognosis; for non-M3 AML, the overall 5-year survival rate is ∼30%. While 60-70% of newly diagnosed AML patients will achieve complete remission (CR), half of these patients will experience relapse (secondary resistance) by three years from their diagnosis. Moreover, 30-40% of AML patients present with refractory disease (primary resistance) and cannot respond to frontline treatments. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are implicated in both primary and secondary resistance, and their eradication is necessary to maintain CR. LSCs have unique transcriptomes and immunophenotypes, thus can be identified relatively …

Management Of Embedded Unexploded Ordnance In Low-Resource Settings: A Scoping Review, Eric S. Weinstein, David Nitsch, Chris Leboa, S. Yves G. Sanou, Yves Aziz Nacanabo, Serhii Tertyshnyii, Amila Ratnayake, Akul Gupta, David T. Walker, Paul Amoroso, Barclay Stewart, Hannah Wild

College of Health Professions Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: When unexploded ordnance (UXO) is embedded in the body, the effect of explosive weapons used in conflict is amplified. Though relatively rare, such events present potentially devastating consequences for the patient and medical providers as routine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures hold potential to initiate detonation of the embedded UXO (eUXO). The objective is to identify and synthesize available literature relating to the management of eUXO in low resource settings.

METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using PRISMA-ScR methodology to evaluate literature in all languages from all date ranges until January 31, 2024, discussing the management of casualties with eUXO, …

Advances In Bone And Orthopedics 2025 – 5th Edition, Jean-Philippe Berteau, Laurent Pujo-Menjouet, Hélène Follet, Aurélie Levillain

Publications and Research

This volume brings together selected works from the 2025 Bone and Orthopedics Interdisciplinary Symposium (BONITOS), underscoring our community’s ongoing commitment to advancing research in biomechanics, bone health, and orthopedic science. The symposium unites leading experts from around the world, fostering collaboration and the exchange of ideas across disciplines. Organized in partnership with the French-speaking Society of Biomechanics, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), the University of Lyon, the College of Staten Island of the City University of New York (CUNY), and the American Association of Physical Therapists (APTA) – Brooklyn Staten Island Chapter, BONITOS 2025 represents …

The Spring 2025 Issue, Destiny Dehart, Laura K. Clark Hunt, Crystal Walker, Austin Bello, Lauren Nimon-Viola, Sarah Gonzalez

Fonds and Feathers

This issue, edited by Destiny DeHart, features “Advances in Storytelling” by Assistant Professor Laura K. Clark Hunt, Ph.D., “Evolving Storytelling in Libraries: Project Techne” by Crystal Walker, “Who’s Rewriting History” by Austin Bello, “Soldiers in Disguise: Women’s Stories from the Civil War” by Lauren Viola, “Once Upon a Map: Storytelling in Libraries with ARCGIS Storymaps” by Sara Gonzalez, “Mold in the Archives: How Bias Influences Stories” by Destiny DeHart, and interview with managing reference archivist Devin McGeehan Muchmore of the GLBT Historical Society. In addition, upcoming conferences are listed. A list of students who will graduate in December 2024 with …

Artists In The Alternative Genre: Communication Through Music, C. L. Noë

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Musicians throughout time and genre have strived to connect with their audience through music, whether they are trying to communicate a story or their own unique style. Musicians in alternative rock genres are no different, and therefore, this thesis looks at three different bands and analyzes the ways they convey meaning through their music for their audiences. Starting with Green Day, in the American Idiot album, they communicate the inner turmoil of the characters through a rhythmic motif and the different ways it presents in the music. Next, Fall Out Boy communicates authenticity to their fans through lyrics, vocal style, …

Photochemistry Of Quinones And Combustion-Derived Particles, Desiree J. Sarmiento

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Quinones are ubiquitous species that can be produced from the photochemical aging of combustion-derived particles (CDPs). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major component of CDPs and are precursors to quinones and other oxidized products (OPAHs). My work first expanded on the PAH and OPAH photochemistry research of Dr. John Haynes, who showed that anthracene (ANT) oxidizes into 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NAPQ), 1,4-anthraquinone (1,4-ANTQ), and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-ANTQ), and of Dr. Heather Runberg, who demonstrated the ability of ANT and these quinones to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), I was given the opportunity to investigate …

The Role Of Adolescent Depression Heterogeneity And Resilience Resources In Adulthood Cardiometabolic Health And Depressive Symptoms, Samantha R. Scott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Depression in adolescence is a major public health problem and is a risk factor for early-onset cardiometabolic disease. Although adolescent depression is a risk factor for poor cardiometabolic health, depression is heterogeneous and associations may differ by sex. Additionally, if risk factors such as depression can predict adulthood cardiometabolic health, resilience factors (e.g., social, school, neighborhood) that are protective for depression may also be protective for physical health, but this is an ongoing area of research. The goals of the current dissertation were to gain a better understanding of what depressive symptom presentations in adolescents are most concerning for adulthood …

Synthesis Of Anti-Schistosomal Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase, Alexander Stewart

Lawrence University Honors Projects

chistosomiasis is a deadly and debilitating parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni which affects 200+ million people annually who come into contact with contaminated water. Currently only one drug (Praziquantel) has been used to treat this disease for almost 50 years, and fear of resistance is growing, thus a new drug and new target is needed. Inhibition of the organism-specific redox defense protein Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase (TGR) has lead to the death of the worm in vitro, indicating that it would be a good druggable target. Fragment based analysis and x-ray crystallography have returned the outline of a lead compound …

Evolutionary Conservation Of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein In Clarthrin-Mediated Endocytosis, Jonah Friedmann

Lawrence University Honors Projects

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a cellular process for internalizing extracellular materials and recycling parts of the plasma membrane into intracellular vesicles. When a threshold of membrane-bound receptors is met at the cell surface, endocytic proteins organize into a conformation that can invaginate the membrane and separate a vesicle into the cytosol. Our current model for understanding CME has been derived from studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous research has led to a model for how Las17, a homolog of Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP), contributes to CME. WASP proteins are critical actin nucleators involved in multiple processes. In S. cerevisiae, Las17 …

Abstract 2587 Recombinant Expression And Purification Of A. Vinelandii Cown In E. Coli, Julie Takei, Cedric P. Owens, Katie Sanders, Neeraja Gajendran

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The goal of this project is to study the protein CowN in the diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii (Av) in comparison to CowN in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gd). Nitrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen gas into ammonia in diazotrophic bacteria. In many diazotrophs, the protein CowN prevents nitrogenase inhibition from the environmental gas carbon monoxide (CO). Previous work studied CowN in the diazotroph G. diazotrophicus. In G. diazotrophicus, CowN binds to nitrogenase and weakens CO binding to its active site. The mechanism of CowN has only been investigated in G. diazotrophicus. Thus, we are interested in determining if CowN's …

Status Of Persistent Organic Pollutant Of Brominated Flame Retardant Hbcd In Daily Diet And Its Potential Health Risks, Zhao Zirui, Ji Hainan, Zhao Chan, Shen Guolin, Zhang Mengling

Food and Machinery

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD ) is a brominated flame retardant widely used in flame retardant for various industrial and consumer products.Due to its high biotoxicity,bioaccumulation,pollution persistence,and long -range transport capacity,HBCD has been included in the Stockholm Convention list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs ) and is being phased out globally.In this paper,the contamination of HBCD,additive brominated flame retardants,in daily diet and the characteristics of HBCD absorption and metabolism in the body are briefly described.Then,the evaluation of HBCD exposure toxicity by bioinformatics,in vitro primary cell models,and cell line models are reviewed.Subsequently,the effects of HBCD intervention on the toxicology of zebrafish models,mouse models,and rat …

Exploration On Hypoglycemic Mechanism Of Components In Guangdong Finger Citron Based On Network Pharmacology And Molecular Docking, Ma Wencong, Wu Yuxiao, Zhong Cheng, Zhou Aimei

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To study the potential targets of hypoglycemic effects of components in Guangdong Finger Citron (GFC ) based on network pharmacology.［Methods］ Genes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperglycemia are screened using the TTD,DrugBank,OMIM,and DisGeNET databases.Active components of GFC are collected from literature,and potential targets are predicted using the Swiss database.Based on this,key proteins are then identified through the STRING database,and a "disease -active -component -target -pathway" network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1.Functional annotation is further carried out by performing gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG ) pathway enrichment analyses through the …

Stability And Sensory Evaluation Of Capsaicin Emulsion Based On Oil Unsaturation Degrees, Fan Xinying, Su Wei, Wang Xinmiao, Chen Jianshe, Hu Xiaoxue

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effect of oil phase unsaturation degree on the performance of capsaicin emulsion to optimize its application efficacy in food systems.［Methods］ Flaxseed oil (α-linolenic acid ),sunflower oil (linoleic acid ),and camellia oil (oleic acid ) are selected to construct the emulsion systems.The particle size distribution,zeta potential,microstructure,in vitro digestion stability,and sensory characteristics are systematically analyzed.［Results］ The camellia oil emulsion exhibits the largest value in average particle size of specific surface area,while the flaxseed oil emulsion demonstrates the smallest particle size and significantly higher absolute zeta potential values (P<0.01).Its compact interfacial structure maintains smaller particle sizes throughout the digestion process (P<0.01),ensuring the optimal protection of capsaicin.According to sensory evaluation,the flaxseed oil emulsion has the strongest spicy perception,potentially attributed to its high unsaturation degree.［Conclusion］ The findings demonstrated that the stability of capsaicin emulsions correlates with the unsaturation degree of the oil phase.Highly unsaturated fatty acids enhance emulsion stability by forming viscoelastic interfacial films.Flaxseed oil,with the highest unsaturation degree,produces emulsion with the smallest particle size,most uniform distribution,and best emulsion stability and pungency intensity.