Digital Commons Network^™

Plasmonic Nanoparticle Integration On Fiber Optic: Role Of Organic Linker And Functionalization Length In Refractive Index Sensing, Shela Ilmiyah, Mohamad Syahadi, Muflikhah Muflikhah, Yuwana Pradana, Zainul Arifin Iman Supardi, Iwan Darmadi, Lia Aprilia

Makara Journal of Science

Nanoplasmonic fiber optic sensors leverage the optical fiber’s inherent compactness and surface sensitivity via evanescent-field interactions with the localized surface plasmon resonance of the metallic nanoparticles. One of the popular approaches is self-assembly owing to its relatively low cost. Despite its low cost, the self-assembly technique has low reproducibility and exhibits low sensitivity because of low nanoplasmonic coverage on the fiber optic surface. In this study, several fabrication techniques were explored to assess the refractive index sensitivity by comparing three common organosilanes, i.e., (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, and (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. Comparative analyses assessed the anchoring efficiency of the three silanes, sensor reproducibility, …

Morphometric Analysis, Genetic Diversity, And Population Structure Of Two Spiny Lobster Species From Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Novalina Serdiati, Muh Saleh Nurdin, Nur Hasanah, Aswad Eka Putra, Kasim Mansyur, Fauziah Azmi, Teuku Fadlon Haser, Raden Adharyan Islamy

Makara Journal of Science

Indonesia could potentially benefit significantly from economically important lobster species of the Panulirus genus, particularly the painted spiny lobster (P. versicolor) and the white-whiskered coral crayfish (P. femoristriga). Effective conservation decisions relating to these species require detailed knowledge of morphological variation and genetic relationships, especially in Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, which is broadly considered pivotal for lobster conservation management. In this study, we conducted morphometric and genetic analyses to examine diversity and population structure of P. versicolor and P. femoristriga. From May to November 2021, a total of 72 specimens were collected in Kabonga Village, …

Uncovering The Pml::Rara Fusion In Cytogenetically Cryptic And Fish-Negative Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia-A Case Report And Comprehensive Literature Review, Busra Delikkaya, Jaime Eberle-Singh, Arianna Morton, Jerald Gong, Jinglan Liu

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The PML::RARA fusion resulting from t(15;17) is the genetic hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), typically detected by cytogenetics and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies. Rarely, APL patients present with normal cytogenetics and FISH findings, complicating diagnosis and delaying life-saving therapy. We report a 23-year-old male with clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic features consistent with APL but negative for FISH studies. Despite prompt initiation of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) based on clinical suspicion, the patient succumbed to intracranial hemorrhage. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed a long isoform PML::RARA fusion. A review of 34 published cytogenetics- and FISH-negative cases since …

Real-World Use Of Classic And Non-Classic Psychedelics In Hispanic/Latino Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: International Findings From The Latino Study, David S Mathai, Jill O Robinson, Kevin Wagner, Logan Neitzke-Spruill, Dayan Berrones, Jacey L Anderberg, Renee M Frederick, Vanessa Zavala Cruz, Josselyn S Muñoz, Latin American Trans-Ancestry Initiative For Ocd Genomics, Brazilian Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder Working Group;, Carolyn I Rodriguez, Lynnette A Averill, James J Crowley, Eric A Storch, Amy L Mcguire

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Objective: Despite growing research on the potential mental health benefits of psychedelics, there has been limited study of these drugs in populations with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and with Hispanic and Latin American (H/L) ancestry.

Methods: Demographic and clinical assessments were conducted as part of the Latin American Trans-ancestry Initiative for OCD genomics (LATINO) Study in H/L participants with OCD living throughout the Americas. Self-reported data on the prevalence of naturalistic psychedelic use and associated outcomes on OCD symptoms were collected in a subsample of 2,639 adults. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to assess psychedelic use, predictors of use, …

Genome-Wide Association Study And Genome Prediction Of Tallness Trait In Spinach Phenotyping, Ibtisam Alatawi, Haizheng Xiong, Hanan Alkabkabi, Kenani Chiwina, Beiquan Mou, Qun Luo, Yuejun Qu, Renjie Du, Awais Riaz, Derrick J. Harrison

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

Plant height is a critical agronomic trait in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), influencing both mechanical harvesting efficiency and overall yield. In this study, plant height variation was evaluated in 307 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) germplasm accessions, which were phenotyped and genotyped using 15,058 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from whole-genome resequencing. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the General Linear Model (GLM), Mixed Linear Model (MLM), Multiple Loci Mixed Model (MLMM), Fixed and Random Model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU), and Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) models implemented in the Genomic Association and Prediction Integrated Tool …

Refining The Geochronologic Framework Of The Early Cretaceous Nonmarine Western Interior Basin, Usa, Jack Fekete

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Early to mid-Cretaceous marks a period of dynamic shifts in tectonism, depositional environments, climate, and biota across the mid-North American continent. However, despite their importance for understanding crucial biotic and geologic transitions during this period, nonmarine Early Cretaceous strata of the Western Interior Basin (WIB) remain poorly constrained geochronologically. Radiometric dating of syndepositional detrital minerals, such as ash-fall zircon, offers a solution to refining geochronologic frameworks. However, a magmatic lull in the Cordilleran magmatic arc during the Early Cretaceous limited the delivery of syndepositional zircon to the WIB, impeding such refinement. In this dissertation, I developed and tested new …

Serum Endotrophin Relates To Blood Pressure In Young South Asian Women But Not White Women: Evidence Of Ethnic Variation In Its Early Vascular Implications, Ravi Retnakaran, Dawei Bu, Jiajie Pu, Philip W Connelly, Anthony J Hanley, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, Bernard Zinman, Philipp E Scherer

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

BACKGROUND: Endotrophin is a novel circulating fibroinflammatory protein that has recently been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, little is known about its role early in the natural history of vascular disease nor whether it exhibits ethnicity-specific variation. Recognizing that South Asians have an elevated risk of ultimately developing CVD, we sought to address these questions by characterizing endotrophin and its physiologic correlates in young South Asian women as compared to White women.

METHODS: From a cohort recruited in pregnancy and followed to 1-year after delivery, we identified 40 participants of South Asian descent and 40 age- …

Whole-Blood Cellular Responses: A Promising Indicator Of Sars-Cov-2 Immunity Compared To Serology, Lucas M. Zhou, Elizabeth H. Duncan, Rupsa C. Boelig, Margaret Costanzo, Jeffrey R. Currier, Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Background: Currently available immunological tests for SARS-CoV-2 assess only antibody responses. Despite the growing evidence that T cells play a crucial role in protection, especially against emerging viral variants, no routine test is available to determine T cell immunity. The prognostic value of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for determining whether individuals are immune and protected against disease remains uncertain. This is in part due to the following: (a) specificity and limitations such as the sensitivity of antibody tests, and (b) the lack of correlation between antibody titers (quantity) and the antiviral function of antibodies (quality). Approximately a quarter of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with …

High School Students’ Construction Of Scientific Explanations On The Circulatory System, Phakhaporn Suwannahong, Navara Seetee, Pinit Khumwong

Journal of Education Studies

This study aims to 1) examine students’ scientific explanation ability on the topic of the circulatory system and 2) compare the writing patterns of students with different levels of scientific explanation abilities. A survey research method was employed. The samples were 67 female high school students in a science-mathematics program at an all-girls school in Bangkok in which they had already studied the circulatory system, selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument was a scientific explanation test, with a reliability coefficient of 0.82. Data was analyzed using basic statistics. Students’ abilities were categorized into three levels. The explanation patterns were …

Sibling Species Differently Distributed Around A Co2 Vent Show Transplantation Proteomic Remodelling, While Displaying Metabolomic Signatures Associated With Their Origin, Lucy Turner

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The cellular homeostatic response (CHR) and cellular stress response (CSR) work together to maintain homeostasis. Studying phylogenetically closely-related species inhabiting different environments can help investigate the interplay between the CHR and CSR. We conducted reciprocal in situ transplant experiments in a natural CO2 vent (Ischia, Italy), using the sibling annelid species Platynereis cf.. dumerilii and Platynereis cf.. massiliensis which have been shown to have different preferential distributions around the CO2 vent. Following transplantations, we characterised the response of each individual’s proteome, metabolome, and lipidome, to short or long-term exposure to different pCO2 regimes (i.e., high and low), and confirmed its …

Draft Final 2025 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap): Cccs Gymnasium Soil Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Structural Variation Of The Right Coronary Ostium And Its Implications To Cardiac Medicine, Jessica L. Hensley, Joseph X. Anders, Timothy Robinson, William Srinivasan, Donald G. Matz, Ethan L. Snow

The Journal of Integrative Physiology

Introduction: The high oxygen demand of the heart’s myocardium is met via perfusion through the coronary arterial system. During embryological development, the right (RCA) and left (LMCA) coronary arteries fuse onto the aortic root, creating right (RCO) and left (LCO) ostial openings respectively to join the closed circulatory system. Regardless of their widely variable branching patterns, the ability of the RCA and LMCA to perfuse the myocardium initially relies on the functional patency of the coronary ostia. The objective of this study is to examine a unique extra-ostial tissue structure found overlying an RCO and provide a literature-based discussion of …

Taxation Without Immunization: Excercising The Federal Taxing Power To Increase Childhood Vaccination Rates, Nicholas R. Consalvo

Florida Law Review

This Note will discuss the need to exercise the taxing power of the federal government in an effort to restore immunization rates to their historically high levels. Recent spikes in unvaccinated children have resulted in global outbreaks of diseases that were near elimination. This Note's solution to the growing anti-vaccination movement is the implementation of a federal tax plan targeted at parents who—without a valid medical exemption—refuse to vaccinate their children against specific classes of vaccine-preventable diseases. This federal tax plan could take the form of an income-based tax, or loss of child tax credits, enforced against parents based on …

Indigenous People Integration Into National Climate Decision Making Process, Omnia Ahmed Ayoub Ahmed

COP30

Our policy paper here is going to explore the urgent need to recognise and enhance the participation and integration of indigenous communities in global climate cases and discussions in decision making processes , despite their contribution now….we are focusing on their case now because they are the most Affected by its impacts , due to their strong connection to natural eco systems , their traditional knowledge and their practices are essential for the biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource management but , unfortunately there was a systemic exclusion due to some factors and limiting and representation in in climate conferences such …

The Sensitivity Of Future Hydroclimate Projections To Topography And Large-Scale Dust Forcing In The Luquillo Mountains Of Eastern Puerto Rico, J. Preece, C. Johnson, T. Mote, P. Miller, M. Williams

Faculty Publications

Precipitation over Puerto Rico is expected to decline in coming decades, threatening an important source of surface water supply. However, earth system models neither resolve fine-scale orographic impacts nor the radiative effects of Saharan dust aerosols on precipitation over the island's mountains. Here, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) to downscale global climate model projections to a convection-resolving 4-km resolution for both dust and no-dust scenarios. We compare the regional hydroclimate during three periods: historical (2014–2018), mid- (2045–2049) and end-21st century (2085–2089), using output from an RCP8.5 simulation of the Community Earth System Model, …

Mcsa Forum Minutes 09/28/2025, Morris Campus Student Association

Morris Campus Student Association

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Mangosteen Pericarp (Garcinia Mangostana Linn.) Extract On Necrotic And Apoptotic Cells In A Periodontitis Model Following X-Ray Exposure, Deny Saputra, Sri Wm. Mulyani, Rini D. Ridwan, Eha R. Astuti, Nastiti F. Ramadhani, Hafshah Zs. Hanun, Kurnia C. Muslimah, Faiza M. Rusdi, Tengku Nebta. Noor

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) pericarp extract application on necrotic and apoptotic cell counts in an experimental periodontitis model following X-ray exposure.

Material and Methods: A total of 35 male Rattus norvegicus were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups. Mangosteen pericarp extract was obtained via maceration, and a mucoadhesive gingival patch was formulated using the solvent casting technique. Following group-specific interventions and X-ray irradiation, mandibular tissue samples were harvested, processed histologically, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The microscopic examination was performed to quantify necrotic and apoptotic cells. Data were analyzed using one-way …

Body Mass Index And Dental Caries Among Indonesian Adults: A Survey-Weighted Analysis Of Riskesdas 2018 In Banten Province, Helwiah Umniyati, Nazillah L. Khaer, Nurhanifah Hamdah, Mondastri K. Sudaryo

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and DMFT among adults in Banten using Riskesdas 2018 data. Material and Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional, with a total sample of 1580 respondents aged 18-95 years. The relationship between BMI and DMFT was analyzed using Cox regression analysis, controlled for age, gender, educational level, work status, timing of tooth brushing, sweet food consumption, and diabetes mellitus status. Ethical permission was obtained from the YARSI University Research Institute, reference number No: 406/KEP-UY/BIA/XII/2021. Results: The mean DMFT was 8.3 (± 7.9). The prevalence of decay was 87.7%. …

Capacity Of Gum Arabic As Immunomodulator And Antibacterial Agent Against Oral Cavity Periodontopathogen In Diabetes Mellitus Rats With Periodontitis, Tantin Ermawati, Suhartini, Tecky Indriana, Zahreni Hamzah

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Objective: This study aims to determine the benefits of gum arabic as an immunomodulatory and antibacterial drug therapy in the oral cavity of diabetic mellitus rats.

Material and Methods: Male wistar rats induced by diabetes mellitus accompanied by periodontitis and Gum Arabic therapy.  This study was divided into 5 treatment groups, namely group I (control), group II (diabetes mellitus) and group III (diabetes mellitus and periodontitis with P. gingivalis injection), group IV (diabetes mellitus treated with gum arabic), group V (diabetes mellitus with periodontitis and treated with gum arabic). The parameters studied were TNF-α anti-inflammatory mediators and the number of …

Autogenous Bone Graft From Alvolar Exostosis With Combination Of Xenograft And Platelet-Rich Fibrin For Treatment Of Intrabony Defects: A Case Report, Nurul H. Danial, Sitti R. Juanita, Endo Sadewa, Dian Setiawati, Venda N. Rianta

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Introduction: Intrabony defects are the result of periodontal destruction and are associated with the progression of periodontitis. This case report describes the treatment of an intrabony defect using autograft from alveolar exostosis combined with xenograft and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Case Report: A 55-year-old man came with complaints of his right upper back teeth being mobile and feel uncomfortable when eating since five months ago. Clinical examination revealed an average pocket depth 6 mm and average tooth mobility 2 degree. On radiographic examination, vertical bone defects were found. The patient received initial therapy followed by surgical flap surgery using autograft from …

Plant-Based Extracts And Biocompatible Materials In Dental Tissue Regeneration: An Editorial Review, Muhammad Ikbal, H. Hasanuddin, Acing H. Mude, Erni Marlina, Muhammad Ruslin

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Background: This editorial review systematically examines the current issue of The Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science, highlighting the growing importance of biocompatible materials and plant-based extracts in dental regenerative therapies.

Method: Modulation of growth factors, including VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β, is crucial for improving tissue repair and regeneration in dental treatments. The studies reviewed show that combining plant extracts, such as galam leaf, with tricalcium silicate cement enhances growth factor expression and promotes angiogenesis, odontoblast differentiation, and fibroblast proliferation.

Results: Modulation of growth factors significantly accelerated tissue healing and regeneration. The integration of biocompatible materials and plant-based extracts has a significant …

Comparative Assessment Of Malocclusion In The Sagittal Plane Based On Clinical Dental And Skeletal Characteristics, Vyzhenko Yevhenii, Kuroiedova Vira, Halych Liudmila, Makarova Oleksandra

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a comparative assessment of sagittal malocclusion based on clinical dental and skeletal characteristics in a sample of the Ukrainian population and to identify cephalometric variables that are contributing factors in the formation of malocclusion in the sagittal plane.

Material and methods: The study included 200 subjects with malocclusion, aged 9–20 years. Clinical sagittal molar occlusion was determined according to Angle’s classification. Skeletal characteristics were classified based on the ANB angle. Cephalometric analysis was performed using cone-beam computed tomography. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk hypothesis test with …

Correlation Of Alpha-Amylase And Orthodontic Pain Perception: Standard Edgewise Vs Straight-Wire Appliances, Elih Sayuti, Ida A. Evangelina, Avi Laviana, Zenith Paskalin, Endah Mardiati, Santhra S. Balan, Ardiansyah Pawinru

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Introduction: Pain is a biological response to orthodontic forces and a major concern during orthodontic treatment. This leads some patients to delay or avoid orthodontic treatment. Pain intensity during orthodontic treatment is generally assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Pain stimulates the sympathetic adrenal medullary system, which increases salivary α-amylase (sAA) secretion. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between VAS pain intensity and alpha-amylase pain biomarker concentration during the initial stages of orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Fourteen patients requiring orthodontic treatment with maxillary premolar extraction and canine distalization using the Standard Edgewise (SE) …

Correlation Of Actn3 R557x And Q523r Gene Polymorphism On Skeletal Patterns In Indonesian Subpopulations (Laboratory And Lateral Cephalometry Study), Ninis Y. Wulandari, Fadli Jazaldi, Nurtami Soedarsono, Maria Purbiati

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Background: The protein Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is an actin-binding protein that influences muscle performance and the proportion of muscle fiber types in human skeletal muscle, including masticatory muscle. Previous studies have incorporated muscle fiber type into craniofacial development that may lead to malocclusion.

Aim: To determine the correlation between polymorphisms of ACTN3 R557X and Q523R gene on skeletal patterns in Indonesian Subpopulations.

Materials and methods: Subjects are patients with class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion at the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia with a total of 171 patients involved. Research samples consisted of 10 hair follicles and lateral cephalometric …

Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance: A Key Driver Of Metabolic Syndrome Pathogenesis, Atefeh Rabiee, Md A. Hossain, Ankita Poojari

Pacific Faculty Work

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, is a growing global health concern. This review examines the relationship between adipose tissue insulin resistance (AT-IR) and MetS. Adipose tissue functions beyond energy storage as an endocrine organ that regulates metabolism through hormone and cytokine secretion. When adipose tissue becomes insulin resistant, it contributes to systemic metabolic dysfunction through impaired glucose uptake and dysregulated adipokine production. This creates a bidirectional relationship where AT-IR promotes MetS development, while MetS-associated inflammation further worsens adipose insulin sensitivity. Key mechanisms include inflammatory signaling, altered adipokine profile, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding these interactions …

Serum Factors In Primary Podocytopathies, Edward J. Filippone, John L. Farber

Division of Nephrology Faculty Papers

Primary podocytopathies, including minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), are caused by a circulating factor or factors injurious to the podocyte. An immunologic origin seems likely based on responsiveness to corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents, including calcineurin inhibitors targeting T-cells and rituximab targeting B-cells. Potential non-antibody-mediated circulating factors have been identified, including cardiotrophin-like cytokine 1, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, and angiopoietin-like 4, among others. More recent research supports a primary antibody pathogenesis, with anti-nephrin antibodies found in a significant percentage of cases. Such antibodies also predict recurrence after transplantation. Other potential antigenic targets besides nephrin include …

Defining Marketing In The Digital Age: An Opportunity To Advance Marketing Thought And Practice, Norman Mafuratidze, Marius Wait, Ilse Struweg

The Qualitative Report

Our study consolidates and refines diverse marketing definitions that have emerged over six decades to formulate a contemporary definition encapsulating the discipline’s current practices and theoretical advancements. We investigate how diverse conceptualizations of marketing can be synthesized into a modern definition that accurately reflects current practices and theoretical advancements while providing practical guidance. Using qualitative document analysis methodology, we conducted first- and second-cycle coding on existing marketing definitions from academic literature and industry publications, identifying recurring themes through thematic analysis. Our findings reveal that marketing can be effectively conceptualized through the DIVE framework (Dynamism, Interconnectivity, Value co-creation, and Exchange), positioning …

The Evaluation Of Variants Within Eight Collagen Genes Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Col5a1, Col11a1, Col15a1, Col22a1, And Col27a1 And A Risk Of Non-Contact Knee Ligament Rupture In Elite Handball Players: A Case-Control Study, Katarzyna Krawczak-Wójcik, Andrzej Mastalerz, Aleksandra Bojarczuk, Monika Johne, Alison V. September, Aleksandra Garbacz, Katarzyna Komar, Ewelina Maculewicz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: Knee ligament ruptures are common injuries among athletes. While most previous studies examined single collagen gene polymorphisms, few have investigated haplotype-level associations across multiple genes, particularly in elite handball players. Materials and methods: This case-control study analyzed variants in eight collagen genes (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL11A1, COL15A1, COL22A1, and COL27A1) in 103 elite Polish handball players with non-contact knee ligament rupture and 226 matched controls. Results: The COL22A1 rs11784270 CC genotype was associated with an increased risk (OR = 2.88, p = 0.01), with the strongest effect in the …

Scaling Symmetry Of The Hodgkin-Huxley Mathematical Model, Vladimir Valerievich Galanin

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

A computational method based on the application of a scaling transformation to the Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical model of the biological neuron and its generalizations to the case of various neural systems is proposed. The method makes it possible: 1) to obtain invariants of the scaling transformation of the Hodgkin-Huxley model; 2) to find self-similarity regions corresponding to the modes of neural activity; 3) to determine the conditions for the similarity of models of various types of biological neurons; 4) to reduce the order of the system of differential equations of the Hodgkin-Huxley model for neural systems with synchronous activity. The capabilities …

Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Novel And Differential Circular Rna Responses Underlying Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Regulation In Porcine Alveolar Macrophages, Jiuyi Li, Oluwaseun Adeyemi, Laura C. Miller, Yongming Sang

Food and Animal Sciences Faculty Research

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses in the swine industry. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of stable non-coding RNAs, are increasingly recognized as regulators in immune responses and host–virus interactions. This study investigated the genome-wide circRNA responses in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), key cell targets of PRRSV, following treatment with a modified live virus (MLV) vaccine or two interferon (IFN) subtypes (IFN-α1, IFN-ω5). Using RNA sequencing, we identified over 1000 differentially expressed circRNAs across treatment groups, revealing both conserved and distinct expression profiles. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that circRNA-associated genes are significantly enriched …