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Who Are The Sons Of God And Nephilim In Genesis 6?: An Exegetical, Theological, And Scientific Evaluation, Samuel Ken-En Gan

The Journal of Inductive Biblical Studies

Scholars debate the meaning of bene ha-elohim and Nephilim in Gen 6:1–4, interpreting the former as either spiritual or human, and the latter as giants or hybrids. Using historical exegesis, linguistic analysis, and genetic insights, this study concludes “sons of God” in Gen 6 refers specifically to humans, aligning with the biblical creation mandate of “kind after kind.” Although elsewhere the term may denote spiritual beings, this paper argues for a context-specific human interpretation in Gen 6, while acknowledging the broader biblical usage covering both angels and humans.

Identify Bridge Design Guidelines For Wildlife Crossings, Jon Padfield, Kyle Squillace

JTRP Technical Reports

Annual vehicle miles driven in the United States doubled, from 1.6 trillion to 3.2 trillion in the 40 years between 1983 and 2023. Unfortunately, one side effect of the increase in vehicle miles driven has been the prevalence of Animal-Vehicle Collisions (AVCs).

As early as 1975, efforts began in some Western states to create safe animal passages such as the wildlife overpass over I-15 in Beaver, Utah. Wildlife passages increased in popularity from the 1970s through the 1990s, but they were mainly being designed and constructed in the Western United States.

Today, there is increasing and broader interest in safe …

Las Pintas Inverview Project 2026, Beth Gulley, Luzma Alvarez, Lacey Andrews, Damien Duncan, Mariah Garman, Brenda Lofton, Alyssa Roland, Hero Sanner, Asja Thompson, Athena Gonzalez, Lee Martin, Samantha Miller, Lucy Sas

The Las Pintas Collection

Acknowledgements

Dear Reader,

This collection is the result of JCCC students’ efforts to reflect on the college’s decades long relationship with Centro Integral Comunitario (CIC) in Las Pintas, Mexico. Before they left on the trip, each student interviewed someone from JCCC who had traveled with the college to Las Pintas in the past. The first section of this book includes what students learned from their pre-departure interviews.

In the second part of this book, students wrote about what they learned from interviewing people who they met in Las Pintas. While these interviews were conducted in Spanish, the students wrote their …

From Reactionary To Anticipatory Integrated Action: Novel Environmental Health Surveillance For Mass Gatherings, Benjamin J. Ryan, Michael Donahoo, Danielle Esler, Paul Barach, Benjamin Coghlan, Shelby Garner, Laura M. Langan, John Piispanen, Bryan W. Brooks

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Advances in AI-driven analytics, human-in-the loop techniques, and wastewater monitoring provide the foundation needed to shift from reactive to anticipatory actions for mass gatherings. Traditional surveillance systems focus on clinical and laboratory-based notification pathways, which often result in tardy actions being implemented. Thus, traditional surveillance is becoming outdated. Mass gatherings pose heightened public health risks and hazards, including trauma; injury and substance misuse; deliberate poisoning; and infectious diseases such as food and waterborne illnesses, sexually transmitted infections, and respiratory diseases. There is also a heightened concern due to reduced vaccination coverage. As a result, future international events such as the …

The Study Of Nicotine In Commercial Smoking Products, Alexis Terrazas

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Nicotine has been known to be in different tobacco products, however in one of the research experiments, we were not able to find it's presence. Bringing about the question, "where did it go?" In this experiment we are looking to find the presence of nicotine in different commercial smoking products. The result of this research will hopefully better inform the cigarette consumers, especially the youth, on their smoking decisions.

The Genetic Role Of Tmem127 In Pheochromocytoma, Samantha Stepanik

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Pheochromocytoma are rare neuroendocrine tumor of chromaffin cells found in the adrenal medulla; tumors are highly heterogeneous, varying in anatomic location, genetic context, symptomatology, biochemical profile, and metastatic potential. Approximately 30% of pheochromocytoma have a hereditary genetic basis; analysis and classification of pathogenic variants is essential for understanding phenotypic presentation for familial risk assessment and appropriate clinical intervention. Curative treatment for malignant pheochromocytoma does not yet exist; pharmacological intervention is beneficial for symptom management. Pheochromocytoma are categorized into distinct clusters according to underlying genetic alteration, each with unique transcriptional and functional profiles. Cluster 2 includes pathogenic genetic variants involved with …

Myelink: A Potential Design To Treat Mld, Andrew Peet

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

After a great deal of research, I have designed a potential tissue to combat the affects of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) called Myelink. This tissue would be directly attached to the brainstem via internal implantation. In a similar style to a glucose monitor/pump it will secrete cells periodically (rather than insulin) directly into the blood stream on the upper spinal cord right outside the brain. This secretion would be developed based on the patient's fine and gross motor ability and decline, so that when a patient showed signs of neurodegeneration, the tissue would secrete specialized cells for a period of time. …

From Skeleton To Name: Profiling Cold Cases, Eddily Caridad Polanco

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

This research examines how forensic investigators use skeletal remains to develop a biological profile that aids in identifying unknown individuals and advancing cold case investigations. A biological profile includes estimated sex, age-at-death, stature, and ancestry, which provide critical information that helps narrow potential matches among missing persons. This project will explore the forensic anthropology methos used to analyze skeletal indicators, estimate post-mortem intervals (PMI), and identify distinguishing skeletal traits. It will also examine the role of DNA recovery from bones and teeth, including how modern genetic comparison methods can confirm identity when traditional identification is not possible. In addition, the …

Discovering Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, Jaelyn Holt

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) is a rare disorder where inappropriate activation of mast cells causes an allergic inflammatory reaction. This project examined the immunological aspect of MCAS, clinical manifestations, current diagnostic approaches, therapies, and future directions for research. MCAS is recognized as a distinct clinical entity identified by inappropriate or excessive activation of mast cells, rather than increased cell proliferation. Mast cells are an important in the innate immune system and play a role in immune system responses such as allergic reactions, tissue repair, neuroimmune signaling, and the elimination of bacteria. Mast cell hyperactivation leads to the release of …

Viral Ecology Of Mid-Atlantic Ridge Vents, Kylie O'Keefe

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Viruses are abundant biological entities that influence microbial population dynamics, evolution, and biogeochemical cycling through infection, cell lysis, and gene transfer. Viruses remain understudied in deep-sea environments characterized by extreme conditions that limit survival to specialized microorganisms. This study investigates viral diversity, distribution, and functional potential at hydrothermal vent ecosystems along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Viral and microbial communities were sampled from three vent sites - Puy des Folles, EMARK, and Hydra - ranging in depth from 1,100 to 4,000 meters. Metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to identify viral taxonomy and identify auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) encoded within viral …

Playing The Man: The Age Old Struggle To Get Ahead, Emily Patenaude

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Lisa Gottlieb's Just One of the Guys is a loose adaptation of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. It is a modern take on the story of a young woman who disguises herself as a young man to get a job. Each of their journeys is quite different, but they drive home the same point that sometimes, to get ahead in life, you just need to be a man. Interestingly enough, though Twelfth Night was likely written in 1601-1602, it has a more modern take on the fluidity of sexuality and gender identity than the movie produced in 1985. I find it quite …

From Transducer To Force Field: A Validated Simulation-Inference Pipeline For Lipus Mechanobiology, Davis Bone

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Quantifying the mechanical forces that drive cell motility under acoustic stimulation requires linking physically defined pressure fields to measurable cell behavior. We present a computational framework coupling k-Wave acoustic simulation to Underdamped Langevin Inference (ULI) to recover radiation force fields from synthetic cell trajectories. Two geometries – a 12-well plate and a microscope slide – were simulated at 1 MHz using 1, 2, 4, and 8 transducer elements with uniform, Gaussian-apodized, 5°/10°/15° beam-steered, and randomized-amplitude configurations (132 total simulations). For each acoustic field, 48 synthetic cells were propagated via the underdamped Langevin equation for 50 seconds and submitted to ULI …

Study Of Chemical Compounds In Herbal Cigarettes, Connor Woitalla

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Herbal cigarettes are tobacco-free and nicotine-free and made from a blend of several herbs rather than tobacco. Currently, due to several reasons, especially their natural ingredients and a limited number of research studies on herbal cigarettes, this type of smoking product is perceived to be less harmful than other tobacco products and has gained its popularity dramatically. Therefore, our research study aims at providing some insights on the chemistry aspect of the herbal cigarettes before and after smoking using Infrared and Mass Spectrometry. The effects of smoking herbal cigarettes on the smoker's health will be also studied. The result of …

Comparison Of The Biodiversity Of Culturable Yeast From Four Different Habitats, Frank V. Addeo

All Master's Theses

Yeasts are ubiquitous unicellular fungi that play critical roles in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and fermentation processes across diverse ecosystems. Despite their ecological and biotechnological importance, the diversity and distribution of wild yeast populations in many temperate regions remain poorly characterized. This study evaluated how classifier thresholds influence species assignment and functional inference from internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) Sanger sequences of cultured yeasts collected from diverse habitats in central Washington. The project aimed to assess the stability of taxonomic calls across classifier settings and to illustrate how methodological decisions shape downstream ecological conclusions. Samples from each habitat were enriched under …

University Of Richmond Magazine - Spring 2026

University of Richmond Magazine

No abstract provided.

Children And Adults Across 15 Countries Believe In Human Uniqueness Of Mind: A Cross-Cultural Investigation Of Cross-Species Mind Perception, Karri Neldner, Luke Maurits, Magie Junker, Lara Abbas, Nayrouz Abbas, Arianna Abis, Federica Amici, Bernardo Arroyo-Garcia, Negar Asghari, Giovanna Barragán Pardo, Zhen Zhang, Junior Peña Chumacero, Ardain Dzabatou, Dustin Eirdosh, Susan Hanisch, Tom Herrnsdorf, Tom Hovehne, Alicia Junker, Patricia Kanngiesser, Felipe Villa Larens, Safaa Mahmoud, Sandra Masaquiza, Iino Masato, Risma Illa Maulany, Tongtong Meng, Kardelen Mutlu, Putu Oka Ngakan, Ebru Peközer, Ljubica Petrović, Mirella Christy Rehatalanit

School of Psychology

The way humans relate to other animals is fundamentally shaped by whether we perceive ourselves as unique, with feelings and thoughts not shared by other animals. How beliefs about animals’ ability to feel and think develop across cultures remains largely unexplored. We asked children and adolescents (4–17 years, N = 1025) and adults (N = 190) from 33 urban and rural communities across 15 countries whether animals have thoughts or feelings (judgments of presence), and whether those thoughts or feelings are human-like (judgments of similarity). Bayesian analyses revealed that participants generally ascribed non-human animals the ability for thoughts and feelings. …

Integrating Neuroscience And Social Psychology In Researching Interprofessional Education: The Inspire Framework, Kimberley Schenke, Pamela Rae, Jaysan Charlesford, Phil Gee

School of Psychology

There is an increasing focus on the importance of interprofessional education as an integral part of health and social care training. However, the fundamental psychological processes underlying successful interprofessional education are not well understood. Here we propose a single framework, Integrating Neuroscience and Social Psychology In Researching Interprofessional Education (INSPIRE), grounded in evidence from social psychology and neuroscience that could be used to generate testable hypotheses to inform the design, development and evaluation of interprofessional education. The application of this framework offers a novel, scientifically grounded approach to improving the learning outcomes of interprofessional education and provides a foundation for …

Adherence And Compliance With Exercise Training In Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Rates And Correlates From The Cogex Trial, Cogex Research Team, Robert W. Motl, Andrew Argie, Roberto S. Hernandez, Brian M. Sandroff, Maria Pia Amato, Giampaolo Brichetto, Jeremy Chataway, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, Gary Cutter, Ulrik Dalgas, John Deluca, Rachel Farrell, Peter Feys, Massimo Filippi, Jennifer Freeman, Matilde Inglese, Cecilia Meza, Maria A. Rocca, Amber Salter, Anthony Feinstein

School of Health Professions

Background: There is limited understanding of adherence and compliance rates for exercise training(ET) in people with progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS).Objectives: This secondary, exploratory data analysis examined rates of adherence and compliance for continuous, moderate intensity training and high-intensity intervaltraining(HIIT) and possible correlates among people with PMS from the CogEx trial.Methods: CogEx was a multi-site, multi-arm, randomized, double-blinded, and shamcontrolled trial undertaken by 11 sites in six di8erent countries. Participants(N=311) wererandomized into one of four conditions with di8erent combinations of ET and cognitive rehabilitation, including respective sham conditions, delivered twice weekly over 12 weeks.The analysis focused on adherence and compliance rates and …

Promise, Progress, Or Posturing? India And The Intellectual Property Chapter In The United Kingdom-India Comprehensive Economic And Trade Agreement, Pratyush Nath Upreti, Virender Chandel

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

ℵ-Ipomdp: Mitigating Deception In A Cognitive Hierarchy With Off-Policy Counterfactual Anomaly Detection, Nitay Alon, Joseph M. Barnby, Stefan Sarkadi, Lion Schulz, Jeffrey S. Rosenschein, Peter Dayan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Social agents with finitely nested opponent models are vulnerable to manipulation by agents with deeper recursive capabilities. This imbalance, rooted in logic and the theory of recursive modelling frameworks, cannot be solved directly. We propose a computational framework called ℵ-IPOMDP, which augments the Bayesian inference of model-based RL agents with an anomaly detection algorithm and an out-of-belief policy. Our mechanism allows agents to realize that they are being deceived, even if they cannot understand how, and to deter opponents via a credible threat. We test this framework in both a mixed-motive and a zero-sum game. Our results demonstrate the ℵ-mechanism’s …

Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Leaf Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis Of Tio2 Nanoparticles And Their Optical Characteristics, Nofrijon Sofyan, Andriayani, Yetria Rilda, Fiona Angellinnov, Mouna M'Rad, Muhammad, Aga Ridhova, Akhmad Herman Yuwono, Donanta Dhaneswara

Baghdad Science Journal

This work aims to explore the characteristics of TiO2 NPs green-synthesized via an environmentally friendly method using oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaf extract as a green medium and capping agent by utilizing titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) as precursor. The oil palm leaves were extracted with different solvent concentration variations. The natural extract was characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and infrared spectroscopy for active chemical contents and functional groups. The obtained TiO2 NPs were also characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the functional groups, ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-DRS) for the optical characteristics, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the phase …

The Rna-Binding Protein Pumilio Limits Polymodal Noiception In Drosophila Larvae, Sara Palega, Hannah Davenport, Rebeccah K. Stewart, Jessica Horton, Andrew Bellemer

Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology Faculty Publications

Nociception is the process by which the nervous system detects and processes information about potentially harmful environmental stimuli to generate behavioral and physiological responses. The process of nociception undergoes plasticity in response to injury, inflammation, and infection to shape the sensitivity of nociceptive circuits and the behavioral responses they control. We are increasingly aware that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression shapes the sensitivity and plasticity of nociceptive sensory neurons and nociceptive behavior. In Drosophila, the Pumilio RNA-binding protein interacts with diverse target mRNAs to regulate their abundance and translation in a wide range of contexts including the establishment of …

Assessing The Scope Of Knowledge And Decision-Making Patterns Regarding Healthy Eating During Pregnancy In Pregnant Female Adults In Southern California, Raegan Soffel

Loma Linda University Research Reports

While recognizing the link between prenatal nutrition and maternal-fetal health, this investigator-initiated study seeks to identify pregnant women's understanding of prenatal nutrition guidelines and the influences on their dietary choices. Thirty-eight eligible women completed an online, anonymous surveying assessing the scope of knowledge and decision-making patterns of healthy eating during pregnancy. The average knowledge score among the participants was 6.05/14. There was no significant difference in the knowledge scores among pregnancy periods or among total number of pregnancies. Perceptions of nutrition guidance in prenatal care, factors influencing eating behaviors, and primary sources of nutrition information were explored. The findings may …

Dan Subotnik—Three Encounters And One Strong Memory, Honorable Robert S. French

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Western Massasauga (Sistrurus Tergeminus): A Species Conservation Assessment For The Nebraska Natural Legacy Project, Colleen Rothe-Groleau, Melissa J. Panella

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

The Nebraska Natural Legacy Project recognizes the western massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus) as a Tier I at-risk species. Provided are some general management recommendations regarding western massasaugas. Conservation practitioners will need to use professional judgment to make specific management decisions based on objectives, location, and a multitude of variables. This resource was designed to share available knowledge of this at-risk species that will aid in the decision-making process or in identifying research needs to benefit the species.

Criteria for selection as Tier I: State listed, G3

Estimated Population in NE: 1,000–2,500

Estimate based on: Field surveys

Trends since 2005 …

How Do Individual And Environmental Covariates Impact The Immune Response Of Deer Mice In Western Montana?, Rachel A. Throckmorton, Angela Luis

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Sin Nombre Virus (SNV) is an exceptional model system for studying wildlife disease because of how simple it is to capture, take samples, and obtain disease status from the primary host. Immune response is an important factor to consider when testing for SNV because it can affect susceptibility of the host as well as transmission of the virus. We examined individual and environmental conditions that may predict immune response and therefore possibly SNV transmission in wild populations. We investigated whether SNV infection status, reproductive status, sex, and season correlate with immune response through examining total white blood cell (WBC) counts …

Reclaiming The Constitution: "For There Is Always Light, If Only We're Brave Enough To See It", Palma Joy Strand, Gregory J. O'Meara S.J.

Marquette Law Review

As citizens—and as lawyers—we are schooled to view the U.S. Constitution as what—indeed—“constitutes” us as a nation and as a people. As lawyers— and as citizens—we are also schooled to understand that the Constitution is law and that its meaning is to be ascertained through the process of law and by lawyers and judges. This Article builds on a popular constitutionalism frame to describe the profound limitations of restricting constitutional meaning-making to a legal enterprise performed primarily by judges—especially in regard to positive rights written into the Constitution but under-protected in constitutional law. In addition, litigation’s either–or mindset has come …

Re-Evaluating Deshany In An Era Of Gun Violence And Government Inaction, Bonnie Carlson

Marquette Law Review

In DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, the Supreme Court held that the State has no constitutional duty to protect individuals from violence committed by private third parties. An exception to this rule exists when the State has a special relationship to the plaintiff immediately preceding the harm. The DeShaney Court sharply proscribed the scope of the special relationship exception, holding that it only applies when the State has a plaintiff in custody. This effectively closes the door on relief for the vast majority of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 plaintiffs.

This Article proposes a new special relationship test …

A Tunable Environment For Tissue Engineering – Establishing Gelatin And Nanofibers For 3d Cell Culture, Edward James Sloan Iii

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Traditional 2D cell culture systems provide a controlled environment for studying cellular mechanisms, but they fail to emulate the complex 3D structure and mechanical stimuli present in native tissue. This study aimed to develop a tunable in vitro environment that more closely mimics the extracellular matrix by integrating porcine gelatin hydrogels with electrospun nanofiber scaffolds to support 3D cell growth. Gelatin crosslinked with microbial transglutaminase (mTG) was synthesized and optimized to create a viscous substrate capable of supporting cell movement and growth, while polycaprolactone nanofibers with aligned, mesh, and honeycomb morphologies were fabricated to introduce structural anisotropy similar to connective …

Emergency Department-Initiated Standard Versus High-Dose Buprenorphine Induction (Envision): A Randomised Clinical Trial Protocol, Kathryn Hawk, Andrew Herring, Marek Chawarski, Erik S. Anderson, Michael Baumann, Alyrene Dorey, August F. Holtyn, Christopher Jones, Shara Martel, Patricia Owens, Kaitlin Kmiecik, Tania D. Strout, Peter Taillac, Michelle R. Lofwall, Sharon L. Walsh, Gail D’Onofrio

Center on Drug and Alcohol Research Faculty Publications

Introduction: The initiation of buprenorphine for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the emergency department (ED) has been associated with improved outcomes including reduced ED visits and increased treatment engagement. Though both standard-dose (8 mg buprenorphine equivalent) and high-dose (24 mg buprenorphine equivalent) strategies to initiate buprenorphine have been used in the ED, no prospective trials comparing outcomes among patients receiving these treatments have been reported.

Methods and analysis: This multisite randomised clinical trial is a multisite double-blind, double-dummy, randomised clinical trial enrolling 360 emergency department patients with moderate-to-severe OUD. Enrolled patients will be randomised to one of two …