Digital Commons Network^™

Pleiotropic Effects Of Simvastatin And Losartan In Preclinical Models Of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture, Michael A David, Alex J Reiter, Chelsey L Dunham, Ryan M Castile, James A Abraham, Leanne E Iannucci, Ishani D Shah, Necat Havlioglu, Aaron M Chamberlain, Spencer P Lake

Open Access Publications

Elbow trauma can lead to post-traumatic joint contracture (PTJC), which is characterized by loss of motion associated with capsule/ligament fibrosis and cartilage damage. Unfortunately, current therapies are often unsuccessful or cause complications. This study aimed to determine the effects of prophylactically administered simvastatin (SV) and losartan (LS) in two preclinical models of elbow PTJC: an

Externalizing Personality Characteristics Define Clinically Relevant Subgroups Of Alcohol Use Disorder, Ildikó Kovács, Bernadett I Gál, Zsolt Horváth, Ildikó Demeter, Sándor Rózsa, Zoltán Janka, Róbert Urbán, Zsolt Demetrovics, Bálint Andó

Open Access Publications

AIMS: Higher levels of externalizing characteristics, i.e. impulsivity, novelty seeking and aggression, could contribute to the development, progression and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The present study aims to explore whether these externalizing characteristics together have a potential group-forming role in AUD using latent profile analysis (LPA).

METHODS: Externalizing characteristics of 102 AUD patients were analyzed using LPA to explore the group-forming role of externalizing symptoms; groups were compared in terms of demographic and alcohol-related variables, indices of psychopathological, depressive and anxiety symptom severity.

RESULTS: LPA revealed and supported a two-group model based on externalizing symptoms. The group with …

Perceived Physical Fatigability Predicts All-Cause Mortality In Older Adults, Nancy W. Glynn, Theresa Gmelin, Sharon W. Renner, Yujia Susanna Qiao, Robert M. Boudreau, Mary F. Feitosa, Mary K. Wojczynski, Stephanie Cosentino, Stacy L. Andersen, Kaare Christensen, Anne B. Newman

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Perceived physical fatigability is highly prevalent in older adults and associated with mobility decline and other health consequences. We examined the prognostic value of perceived physical fatigability as an independent predictor of risk of death among older adults.

METHODS: Participants (N = 2 906), mean age 73.5 [SD, 10.4] years, 54.2% women, 99.7% white enrolled in the Long Life Family Study, were assessed at Visit 2 (2014-2017) with 2.7 [SD, 1.0] years follow-up. The Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS), a 10-item, self-administered validated questionnaire (score range 0-50, higher = greater fatigability) measured perceived physical fatigability at Visit 2. Deaths post-Visit …

Amigo1 Promotes Axon Growth And Territory Matching In The Retina, Florentina Soto, Ning Shen, Daniel Kerschensteiner

Open Access Publications

Dendrite and axon arbor sizes are critical to neuronal function and vary widely between different neuron types. The relative dendrite and axon sizes of synaptic partners control signal convergence and divergence in neural circuits. The developmental mechanisms that determine cell-type-specific dendrite and axon size and match synaptic partners' arbor territories remain obscure. Here, we discover that retinal horizontal cells express the leucine-rich repeat domain cell adhesion molecule AMIGO1. Horizontal cells provide pathway-specific feedback to photoreceptors-horizontal cell axons to rods and horizontal cell dendrites to cones. AMIGO1 selectively expands the size of horizontal cell axons. When

Synthesis Of Highly Reactive Sulfone Iminium Fluorides And Their Use In Deoxyfluorination And Sulfur Fluoride Exchange Chemistry, James A. Vogel, Rania Hammami, Ara Ko, Hiya Datta, Yael N. Eiben, Karley J. Labenne, Ellis C. Mccarver, Ebrar Z. Yilmaz, Patrick R. Melvin

Chemistry Faculty Research and Scholarship

We report the synthesis of sulfone iminium fluorides (SIFs), a reactive class of sulfur(VI) molecules. The synthesis is tolerant of a variety of substituents on the sulfur and nitrogen components. The SIF reagents were applied to the deoxyfluorination of alcohols and carboxylic acids, providing high yields of fluorinated products in 60 s at room temperature. The SIF reagents were then utilized in sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx), creating the first ionic SuFEx products to date.

Rapid Radiation Of Zeiformes Revealed Through Comparison Of Jaw Morphologies, Jeffrey Peters

Master's Theses

Zeiformes (e.g., Dories, Lookdown dories, Tinselfishes, Oreos) are a deep (1000 m) to mid-water (100 m) marine order of acanthomorph fishes with a circumpolar distribution, and a fossil record extending back to the Late Cretaceous. The order consists of 33 species across six families. The phylogenetic placement of the Zeiformes within Teleostei has been debated, but more recent studies based on both molecular and morphological data place Zeiforms within Paracanthopterygii closely related to Gadiformes. Zeiformes are characterized by anal and dorsal profiles that contain a variable number of fin rays and spines. They are mostly deep bodied, highly compressed fishes …

Oncogenic Gq/11 Signaling Acutely Drives And Chronically Sustains Metabolic Reprogramming In Uveal Melanoma, Michael D Onken, Sarah E Noda, Kevin M Kaltenbronn, Cheryl Frankfater, Carol M Makepeace, Nikki Fettig, Kisha D Piggott, Philip L Custer, Joseph E Ippolito, Kendall J Blumer

Open Access Publications

Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to occur in uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Mechanisms driving metabolic reprogramming in UM are poorly understood. Elucidation of these mechanisms could inform development of new therapeutic strategies for metastatic UM, which has poor prognosis because existing therapies are ineffective. Here, we determined whether metabolic reprogramming is driven by constitutively active mutant α-subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins Gq or G11 (Gq/11), the oncogenic drivers in ∼90% of UM patients. Using PET-computed tomography imaging, microphysiometry, and GC/MS, we found that inhibition of oncogenic Gq/11 with the small molecule FR900359 (FR) …

Family History Of Breast Cancer And Mammographic Breast Density In Premenopausal Women, Yunan Han, Justin Xavier Moore, Graham A. Colditz, Adetunji T. Toriola

Open Access Publications

Importance: Family history of breast cancer (FHBC) and mammographic breast density are independent risk factors for breast cancer, but the association of FHBC and mammographic breast density in premenopausal women is not well understood.

Objectives: To investigate the association of FHBC and mammographic breast density in premenopausal women using both quantitative and qualitative measurements.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This single-center cohort study examined 2 retrospective cohorts: a discovery set of 375 premenopausal women and a validation set of 14 040 premenopausal women. Data from women in the discovery set was collected between December 2015 and October 2016, whereas data from …

Contralateral Limb Specificity For Movement Preparation In The Parietal Reach Region, Eric Mooshagian, Eric A. Yttri, Arthur D. Loewy, Lawrence H. Snyder

Open Access Publications

The canonical view of motor control is that distal musculature is controlled primarily by the contralateral cerebral hemisphere; unilateral brain lesions typically affect contralateral but not ipsilateral musculature. Contralateral-only limb deficits following a unilateral lesion suggest but do not prove that control is strictly contralateral: the loss of a contribution of the lesioned hemisphere to the control of the ipsilesional limb could be masked by the intact contralateral drive from the nonlesioned hemisphere. To distinguish between these possibilities, we serially inactivated the parietal reach region, comprising the posterior portion of medial intraparietal area, the anterior portion of V6a, and portions …

An Analysis Of Repeated High Intensity Efforts (Rhie) Across Different Competition Levels In Elite Rugby Union, Adam Sheehan, Shane Malone, Anthony Weldon, Aled Waters, Kieran Collins

Articles

The current investigation aimed to understand the differing positional demands across two elite rugby union competitions, with special reference to high-intensity effort (HIE) and repeated high-intensity effort (RHIE) activity. Four hundred and forty-one (n = 441) individual game files from thirty-five competitive games from the European Rugby Champions Cup (tier 1; n = 8) and PRO12 League (tier 2; n = 24) were analysed. Players’ locomotor profiles were recorded using wearable global positioning system microtechnology (10 Hz Catapult S5, Catapult Innovations, Australia). Locomotor activities were classified as running (4.4 ms1), high-speed running (5.5 ms1), accelerations (2 ms2) and decelerations (2 …

Protein With Negative Surface Charge Distribution, Bnr1, Shows Characteristics Of Adna‐Mimic Protein Andmay Be Involved In The Adaptation Of Burkholderia Cenocepacia, Ruth Dennehy, Niamh Duggan, Simon Dignam, Sarah Mccormack, Eugene Dillon, Jessica Molony, Maria Romano, Yueran Hou, Laura Ardill, Matthew Whelan, Zuzanna Drulis‐Kawa, Tadhg Ó'Cróinín, Miguel Valvano, Rita Berisio, Siobhán Mcclean

Articles

Adaptation of opportunistic pathogens to their host environment requires reprogramming of a vast array of genes to facilitate survival in the host. Burkholderia cenocepacia, a Gram-negative bacterium with a large genome of ∼8 Mb that colonizes environmental niches, is exquisitely adaptable to the hypoxic environment of the cystic fibrosis lung and survives in macrophages. We previously identified an immunoreactive acidic protein encoded on replicon 3, BCAS0292. Deletion of the BCAS0292 gene significantly altered the abundance of 979 proteins by 1.5-fold or more; 19 proteins became undetectable while 545 proteins showed ≥1.5-fold reduced abundance, suggesting the BCAS0292 protein is a …

Design, Spectroscopy, And Assessment Of Cholinesterase Inhibition And Antimicrobial Activities Of Novel Coumarin–Thiadiazole Hybrids, Dariusz Karcz, Karolina Starzak, Ewa Ciszkowicz, Katarzyna Lecka-Szlachta, Daniel Kami´ Nski, Bernadette Creaven, Anna Miło, Hollie Jenkins, Lidia Slusarczyk, Arkadiusz Matwijczuk

Articles

A novel series of coumarin–thiadiazole hybrids, derived from substituted coumarin-3- carboxylic acids was isolated and fully characterized with the use of a number of spectroscopic techniques and XRD crystallography. Several of the novel compounds showed intensive fluorescence in the visible region, comparable to that of known coumarin-based fluorescence standards. Moreover, the new compounds were tested as potential antineurodegenerative agents via their ability to act as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors. Compared to the commercial standards, only a few compounds demonstrated moderate AChE and BuChE activities. Moreover, the novel derivatives were tested for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of …

Extreme Temperatures During Pregnancy And Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence From 2009 To 2018 U.S. National Birth Data, Gulcan Cil, Jiyoon Kim

Economics Faculty Research and Scholarship

We provide the first estimates of the impacts of prenatal exposure to extreme temperatures on infant health at birth using the latest national birth data from 2009 to 2018 from all U.S. states. We consistently find that an additional day with mean temperature greater than 80°F or less than 10°F increases preterm births and low birthweight. Strikingly, the adverse effects are borne disproportionately by Black and Hispanic mothers, suggesting that the projected increase in extreme temperatures may further exacerbate the existing birth health disparities across different race/ethnicity groups. We also contribute by investigating the impact of deviations from the normal …

Beyond Resistance: Therapeutic Itinerary In Saint-Louis-Du-Senegal Between Indigenous And Scientific Medicine, 1820–1920, Kalala J. Ngalamulume

History Faculty Research and Scholarship

Drawing on oral traditions and archival materials, this article examines the validity of claims made by the French colonial physicians and administrators that the African patients’ mistrust of and resistance to biomedicine had to do with their superstition, apathy, and ignorance, as well as with the pressure exercised upon them by healers, marabouts, and midwives. It argues that the African patients’ therapeutic choices were rational and were informed by their cultural history.

Variables That Affect Parental Goals For Visiting A Children’S Museum, Isabella M. Livingston

Honors Theses and Capstones

Children’s museums are informal educational environments that foster creativity, support sensory exploration, and provide places for both free play and learning (Gong et al., 2020). This study aimed to more fully understand parental goals for taking their children to a children’s museum, and how those goals varied based on characteristics known to play a role in how parents and children interact together. Subjects included 70 child-parent dyads. Each parent completed a demographic questionnaire, the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form (Putnam & Rothbart, 2006) to assess temperament, and responded to an open-ended prompt related to visit intent. Dyads were then recorded …

Review Of 'Psychomotor Aesthetics: Movement And Affect In Modern Literature And Film', Tim Harte

Russian Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Negative Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences (Aces) On Behavioral Problems Of Children In Kinship Care: The Protective Role Of Kinship Caregivers' Mental Health, Yanfeng Xu, Merav Jedwab, Kerry Lee, Sue E. Levkoff

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

This study aims to examine the (a) prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among children in kinship care; (b) relationships between the number and type of ACEs and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems; and (c) moderating role of kinship caregivers’ mental health on the relationships between ACEs and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. A sample of children in kinship care (N = 224) obtained from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II was used. Ordinary least squares regression models were conducted. Results indicated that neglect followed by parental substance abuse were found to be the most prevalent …

Female Superintendents And Negotiations: A Phenomenological Study Of The Influence Of Gender In The Midwest, Kathryn R. Blaha

Dissertations and Theses

Negotiation is a process wherein decisions are made between parties with different points of view and possibly conflicting interests (Caputo, 2019). Little is known about how women experience negotiation for salary and compensation. Studies associated with gender and negotiations have focused on the process or outcomes of the negotiation. While studies have identified a gender-based earnings gap, how women negotiate for compensation packages at the school superintendent level has not been studied. This qualitative Hermeneutical phenomenological study attempted to understand how female educational superintendents experience negotiations through description and meaning drawn from their lived experiences. By understanding how female school …

Electron Deficient Fluoroarenes: Bridging Deoxyfluorination And Anion-Π Interactions To Produce New Fluorination Reagents, Jordan Houston Kramer

Dissertations and Theses

Fluorination is a ubiquitous in modern materials and pharmaceuticals due to organofluorine compounds possessing unique physicochemical properties. However, this process is a demanding task due to difficulty in handling key reagents for selective fluorination. One strategy is the usage of deoxyfluorination reagents due to the wide availability of oxygen in many functional moieties. These reagents have allowed to production of new fluorinated materials and pharmaceuticals, yet the costs of several reagents and instabilities for others lead to restricted conditions, functional group tolerance, and safety risks for both users and the environment. Reported here is the culmination of a new hypothesis …

Towards A Model Of The Design Process For Games, John Healy, Charlie Cullen

Conference Papers

In this paper, we present an approach to studying the game design process by drawing upon general models of design to support research into the process of game design. Several general models of design exist to consider the processes through which designers work. Many of these fit within a structure of analysis, synthesis and evaluation that was first proposed by Christopher Jones in 1963 and later adapted by Bryan Lawson to account for the messy nature of design and the undertaking of these activities while negotiating between problem and solution. This paper proposes the adaptation of Lawson’s model of design …

Raman Spectroscopy Of Carotenoid Compounds For Clinical Applications—A Review, Joy Udensi, James Loughman, Ekaterina Loskutova, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Carotenoid compounds are ubiquitous in nature, providing the characteristic colouring of many algae, bacteria, fruits and vegetables. They are a critical component of the human diet and play a key role in human nutrition, health and disease. Therefore, the clinical importance of qualitative and quantitative carotene content analysis is increasingly recognised. In this review, the structural and optical properties of carotenoid compounds are reviewed, differentiating between those of carotenes and xanthophylls. The strong non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopic signatures of carotenoids are described, and advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carotenoids in biological environments are reviewed. Focus …

The Anti-Parent Juvenile Court, Barbara A. Fedders

Faculty Publications

This Article identifies and analyzes features of the juvenile delinquency court that harm the people on whom children most heavily depend: their parents. By negatively affecting a child’s family—creating financial stress, undermining a parent’s central role in rearing her child, and damaging the parent-child bond—these parent-harming features imperil a child’s healthy growth and development. In so doing, the Article argues, they contravene the juvenile court’s stated commitment to rehabilitation.

In juvenile court, fees and fines are assessed against parents, who also often must incur lost wages to comply with court orders. In addition, while youths of all economic backgrounds and …

The Gender Gap In Academic Patenting, W. Michael Schuster, Miriam Marcowitz-Bitton, Deborah R. Gerhardt

Faculty Publications

The gender gap in academia has long been the focus of public discourse regarding the role of universities in promoting social values. In this study, we consider women’s participation in transferring knowledge from the academy to industry. A prominent model for such transfer is reflected in patent registration for inventions developed through scholarly research. And while academic patenting is a significant component of the professional activities of many faculty members, the extent to which women’s scientific discoveries are patented and commercialized has received relatively little attention.

The U.S. academy is a leader in science and a pioneer of technology transfer. …

Nonmarriage And Choice In South Africa And The United States, Holning Lau, Suzanne A. Kim

Faculty Publications

In this Article, we examine three insights about free choice that emerge from studying the development of South Africa’s law of nonmarriage. First, South African jurisprudence advances understandings of nonmarriage as a valid choice. Unlike U.S. jurisprudence, which has been accused of overprivileging marriage and demeaning nonmarriage, South African jurisprudence draws attention to people’s legitimate reasons for choosing not to marry and the dignity interests attached to that choice. South African law helps to broaden the imagination of what is possible when nonmarriage is respected as a valid choice.

Second, South African jurisprudence illuminates the fact that the choice whether …

Systemically Important Platforms, Caleb N. Griffin

Faculty Publications

Regulating Big Tech is now a matter of intense public debate. We ask how well Big Tech companies fulfill their role as gatekeepers of the public square. We ponder whether their dominant market positions merit an antitrust response. We assess their culpability and complicity in spreading online misinformation and hate. However, in the many normative debates over how Big Tech should use its power, the source of that power remains largely unexamined.

Big Tech, like Big Tobacco before it, is an industry founded on addiction. Although typically “free” to use, the world’s largest digital platforms exploit users’ dopamine pathways to …

Love Is Love: The Fundamental Right To Love, Marriage, And Obergefell V. Hodges, Reginald Oh

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

Fourteenth Amendment substantive due process fundamental rights doctrine is about love. It is, at least, based on a close reading of Justice Anthony Kennedy’s majority opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges, the case in which the Supreme Court held that same-sex marriage is a fundamental right of individual autonomy and dignity.

Part I of this Article discusses the concept of love. Part II examines Justice Kennedy’s majority opinion in Obergefell and argues that it expresses unconditional love for LGBT people in tone, language, and substance. Part III argues that, in Obergefell, Kennedy’s key reasons for concluding that marriage is …

Mapping The Dna Damaging Effects Of Polypyridyl Copper Complexes With Dna Electrochemical Biosensors, Anna Banasiak, Nicolò Zuin Fantoni, Andrew Kellett, John Colleran

Articles

Several classes of copper complexes are known to induce oxidative DNA damage that mediates cell death. These compounds are potentially useful anticancer agents and detailed investigation can reveal the mode of DNA interaction, binding strength, and type of oxidative lesion formed. We recently reported the development of a DNA electrochemical biosensor employed to quantify the DNA cleavage activity of the well-studied [Cu(phen)₂]²⁺ chemical nuclease. However, to validate the broader compatibility of this sensor for use with more diverse—and biologically compatible—copper complexes, and to probe its use from a drug discovery perspective, analysis involving new compound libraries is …

Impacts Of Covid-19 Lockdown On Private Domestic Groundwater Sample Numbers, E. Coli Presence And E. Coli Concentration Across Ontario, January 2020–March 2021: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis, T. Latchmore, S. Lavallee, Martin Boudou, K. Mcdermott, R. S. Brown, Paul Hynds, Anna Majury

Articles

Approximately 1.5 million individuals in Ontario are supplied by private water wells (private groundwater supplies). Unlike municipal supplies, private well water quality remains unregulated, with owners responsible for testing, treating, and maintaining their own water supplies. The COVID-19 global pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have impacted many environmental (e.g., surface water and air quality) and human (e.g., healthcare, transportation) systems over the past 15-months (January 2020 to March 2021). To date, the impact of these interventions on private groundwater systems remains largely unknown. Accordingly, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of a province-wide COVID-19 lockdown (late-March 2020) …

Assessing The Environmental And Economic Sustainability Of Functional Food Ingredient Production Process, Anushree Priyadarshini, Brijesh K. Tiwari, Gaurav Rajauria

Articles

Development and application of novel technologies in food processing is vital for ensuring the availability of adequate, safe, and convenient food with the desired quality and functional properties. Environmental and economic sustainability of technologies is essential prior to their application in the food processing sector. The objective of this research is to determine the environmental and economic feasibility of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for recovering functional food ingredients from seaweed. Experimental data is used to conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental performance with a functional unit (FU) of obtaining 1 g of extracted polyphenols, measured as gallic …

Application Of High-Intensity Ultrasound To Improve Food Processing Efficiency: A Review, Prasad Chavan, Pallavi Sharma, Sajeev Rattan Sharma, Tarsem Chand Mittal, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

The use of non-thermal processing technologies has grown in response to an ever-increasing demand for high-quality, convenient meals with natural taste and flavour that are free of chemical additions and preservatives. Food processing plays a crucial role in addressing food security issues by reducing loss and controlling spoilage. Among the several non-thermal processing methods, ultrasound technology has shown to be very beneficial. Ultrasound processing, whether used alone or in combination with other methods, improves food quality significantly and is thus considered beneficial. Cutting, freezing, drying, homogenization, foaming and defoaming, filtration, emulsification, and extraction are just a few of the applications …