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Wnt/Β -Catenin Signalling Shapes Macrophage Behaviour During Injury And Repair In The Mouse Submandibular Gland, Araz Ahmed, Suveer Sachdeva, Simon Whawell, Isabelle Miletich

Peninsula Dental School

Xerostomia, the subjective sensation of dry mouth, is a debilitating consequence of head and neck radiotherapy and autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren’s syndrome. It severely impairs oral health and quality of life by promoting mucosal ulceration, infection, malnutrition, and speech difficulties, yet effective regenerative treatments remain limited. Macrophages have recently emerged as critical regulators of salivary gland repair through their roles in coordinating inflammation, fibrosis, and epithelial regeneration; however, the molecular mechanisms governing macrophage activation and function in the injured salivary gland remain poorly defined. The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is a key regulator of inflammation and tissue homeostasis across multiple …

Spartan Daily, March 11, 2026, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2026

Volume 166, Issue 21

Perspectives On Choice Of Law Challenges In Multistate Precision Medicine Research, Laura M. Beskow, Catherine Hammack-Aviran, James W. Hazel, Leslie E. Wolf

Law Faculty Scholarship

This empirical legal study investigates challenges related to determining applicable law in multistate precision medicine research. Through interviews with experts in law, research ethics, and human subjects protections, the authors examine how differences in state laws governing research, genetic privacy, and data protection may affect participant rights and research practices. Interviewees reported varying levels of awareness regarding state law variation and expressed differing views on its significance. The findings suggest that uncertainty surrounding applicable legal frameworks can complicate research design, informed consent processes, and institutional oversight. The study calls for further legal and policy analysis to address these challenges and …

Current State And Needs Of Clinical Laboratories In Latin America: A Cross-Country Assessment., Alejandro R Molinelli, Elizabeth L Palavecino, José C Jara-Aguirre, Kerry Cosby, Allison Targowski, Barbara M Goldsmith, Rosa Sierra-Amor, Juan D García, Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, Eugenio H Zabaleta, Veronica I Luzzi, Jessica M Colón-Franco

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

The Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) aims to improve health by providing education to laboratory scientists worldwide. Different regions of the world face unique challenges shaped by their national and regional contexts. However, the needs of clinical laboratories worldwide remain largely understudied. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive needs assessment survey among laboratory professionals in the Latin American region. The survey was distributed to over 2708 individuals across Latin American countries and yielded 148 responses. Most respondents were from urban areas (74%) and worked in private hospital laboratories (45%), with microbiology (25%) and chemistry (23%) identified …

Availability Model To Evaluate Ai Data Centers’ Role In Grid Stability, Troy Mcsimov, Trevor S. Kunz, Jeffrey Billo

SMU Data Science Review

The United States has made it clear; it is imperative that the US wins the global AI race. This paper focuses on one of the most challenging puzzle pieces surfaced at the POWER Data Center conference (San Antonio, Sept. 30.); for Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) the limiting factor is not generation alone but the need to balance generation and load to preserve grid reliability.

The regulatory landscape fundamentally changed with the passage of Texas Senate Bill 6 in June 2025, which mandates new large loads must "contribute to the recovery of the interconnecting electric utility’s costs" (Texas Legislature, …

A Assessment Of Alpha Emission In The Saliva Of The Smokers Using Cr-39 (Ssntds), Mayyadah Hasan Rhaif Al-Sahlanee

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: The concentration of radionuclides in the saliva and blood samples are a good indicator of the human body’s radioactive contamination, the objective of current study was to design across sectional study to assess the alpha particals emitted from the smoker and nonsmoker saliva and blood samples. Materials and Method: The saliva and blood samples were collected from 88 healthy male and famel smoker and non-smoker aged 18- 82 years old. In saliva and blood samples from smokers and nonsmokers, the alpha track density was determined utilizing the efficient fission track analysis approach with CR-39 nuclear track detector. Results: High …

The Effect Of Oral Health Education Program On Awareness And Improving Glycemic Control Of Patients With Type2 Diabetes In Erbil City: The Effect Of Oral Health Education Program On Awareness And Improving Glycemic Control Of Patients With Type2 Diabetes In Erbil City, Sara Shaker, Ali Shakir Dauod

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

the effect of oral health on diabetic control

Gene And Alleles Of Tyk2 (Rs11085727) And Tyk2 (Rs34536443) Polymorphisms In Covid-19 Patients Using Arms-Pcr., Thuraya Habeeb, Adnan Aubaid

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

The clinical presentation of COVID-19 varies greatly from case to another, with host characteristics playing a pivotal role. The immune system is a pivotal function in establishing the course of SARS-COV-2 infection. Severe instances of COVID-19 and the resulting death are caused less by the virus itself than by the destructive unrestrained immune response. Among the host determinants for poor disease prognosis is probably genetic vulnerability to dysregulated immune response. The objective of this work is to examine some of the host genetic variables that are being studied in relation to the severity of COVID-19. The complex relationship between autoimmunity …

The The Prevalence Of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Gene Polymorphisms In Iraqi Patients With Essential Hypertension, Ghufran K Salman, Bassim I Mohammad

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: Due to the polygenic character of hypertension, it is particularly challenging to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms most likely to be linked with essential hypertension and also the connections between certain genes and treatment responses in various ethnic groups. One of important genes is eNOS gene which encode eNOS enzyme that mediate NO production.  Our study involve rs1799983 (G894T) and rs2070744 (T-786C) of eNOS gene. The objective of this observational cross-sectional descriptive study is to examine frequencies of allele of eNOS3 genes. Methods: ninety hypertensive patients were recruited by specialist cardiologist and conducted at AL-Diwaniyah teaching hospital and department …

Therapeutic Consequences Of Micrornas In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Relation Between Transfection And Cgis Methylation, Zahraa Mousa, Adnan H. Al-Hamadani

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now moving beyond conventional chemotherapy with the advent of molecular-targeted therapies, and a key therapeutic strategy is inhibition of specific cytokines essential for tumor vascularization currently, angiogenesis quantification to assess and predict the efficacy of antiangiogenic drugs is mainly based on the evaluation of microvascular density. However, this procedure is highly invasive, and its association with the clinical outcome is uncertain in many tumor types, including NSCLC .         

Interleukin-6 And Tnf-Alpha As Biomarkers Associated With Ace2 Snps Rs1978124 And Rs2074192 In Patients Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus With Covid-19 : Il-6 And Tnf-Alpha As Biomarkers Associated With Ace2 Snps Rs1978124 And Rs2074192 In Patients With Covid-19, Ghaleb Hussein Al-Saeedi, Wisam Salih Abood

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Abstract        Background: Diabetics have a unique set of challenges as a result of the current SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. It predisposes to a particularly severe course of the disease and doubles the risk of dying from COVID-19. Aim: was to study the analysis and comparison of the relationship between polymorphisms and immune cytokines in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in SARS-CoV-2 patients. METHODS: From January 2022 to April 2022, blood samples were drawn from 120 patients were Divided into three groups for a cross-sectional and case-control study admitted to COVID-19 isolation wards, 40 of who were infected …

Expression Of Aph(3')-Iib And Aminoglycoside Efflux Pump Regulatory Genes In Clinical Extensive Drug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.: Running Title: Relative Gene Expression Of Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzyme Aph(3')-Iib And Efllux Pump Regulatory Genes In Xdr Pseudomonas Aeruginosa., Shaimaa Altofaily, Ibtisam Habeeb Al-Azawi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: A remarkable level of aminoglycosides  resistance expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well known. One of the most important mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance is over expression of efflux pumps and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Aim of Study: To evaluate the expression of aph(3')-IIb and MexXY-OprM Pump Regulatory Genes in XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Al-Diwaniyah city. Methods: During the period from November 2021 to August 2022, 50 clinical P. aeruginosa isolated from hospitalized  patients admitted to Al-Diwaniyah Burn Center and Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital including 25(31.3%) burns, 15(22.7%)   wounds, and 10(18.5%) diabetic foot ulcers. The vitek2 compact system was employed for identification and …

Relevance Of Gadf15 Biomarker With Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction In Coronary Artery Disease (Cad ) Patients, Ola Muslim Alhussainy, Haider Abd Jabbar Alammar, Aqeel Raheem Hassan

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

     The  correlation of new biomarkers with In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular ejection fraction.Globally, coronary artery disease is a significant non-communicable disease issue. Numerous significant risk factors, including smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, can result in coronary artery disease. [1]. patient heart failure management. When following up on heart failure cohorts over an extended period of time, plasma BNP or NT-proBNP is a highly effective independent predictor of death and morbidity. Furthermore, it seems to be a reliable indicator of a positive reaction when beta blocker is added to anti-heart failure medication. When changing therapy for …

Unveiling The Therapeutic Potential Of Crispr-Cas9 Technology In The Correction Of Scd Gene Mutation., Vincent Weiss Weiss

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the HBB gene. This mutation leads to abnormal hemoglobin production. CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene- editing tool that holds promise for correcting this mutation. This review explores the fundamental principles of CRISPR-Cas9 but it also considers the associated ethical concerns. The author furthermore explains how CRISPR-Cas9 differs from more traditional gene-editing therapies. Additionally, we provide an overview of the current research landscape. The focus of this review is on therapeutic applications of CRISPR- Cas9 for SCD. With the help of a hypothetical experiment the author illustrates how CRISPR-Cas9 can …

Evaluation Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol And Triglyceride Concentrations And Gene Expression Of P53 May Predict The Risk For Breast Cancer, Elaph Ali Al-Esawi, Buthainah Abbas Al-Azzawi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Breast cancer is a condition in which cancerous cells in the breast tissue proliferate and divide uncontrollably. Through blood arteries or lymph, these cells infiltrate harmless surrounding tissues, where they cause the development of secondary cancer metastases . Abnormality in lipid metabolism (typically by poor diet or obesity) and cholesterol changes can be risky factor for cancer in breast have been subject to the substantial research. Circulating lipids not only associated with etiology but also with prognosis in cancer. Lipids are crucial in the emergence and progression of cancer. LDL-C has been linked to a higher risk of breast carcinoma. …

The Role Of Vaccination In The Pandemic Diseases, Aqeel Abbas Kareem, Marwa Ibrahim Saihood

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

A pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease, such as a new influenza virus or the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It's important to prepare a plan to deal with pandemics. The study aims to control the pandemic viral disease by vaccination. The objective of weeks for the second dose of Moderna or Pfizer. The CDC recommends that other eligible individuals wait three weeks between Pfizer shots and four weeks between Moderna doses, particularly the elderly and those with compromised immune systems . Most patients who develop myocarditis after Covid vaccination respond well to medicine is much more common …

Echocardiographic Finding In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients On Hemodialysis In Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Meld Qasim Kamal, Aqeel Raheem Al-Braqawee

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

 Background: Chronic kidney disease is irreversible deterioration of renal function which results into impairment of excretory, metabolic and endocrine functions leading to development of the clinical syndrome of uremia. Patients with Chronic kidney disease are at significantly increased risk for both morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Patients on dialysis have a 10- to 30-fold increased risk for cardiovascular mortality compared with the general population. Cardiovascular disease is the single most important cause of death among patients receiving long-term dialysis; accounting for 44% of overall mortality. The magnitude of the problem has become more apparent as patients now survive longer …

The Role Of Hoxa-9 In Prediction Of Positive Pregnancy Outcome Women Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Zahraa H. Mohan, Ahmed Harbi Al-Azawi, Nadia M. Al-Hilli, Ali Ibrahim Rahim, Adnan Hamza Albdairi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: Febrile convulsions are prevalent in children aged between 6 months and 5years, with an incidence of 2-5%. On the other hand, iron deficiency  is the most common hematologic disease of infancy and childhood with a periodof incidence that coincides with the time of developing febrile convulsions. Aim of study :To evaluate  any  association between iron deficiency& febrile seizures. Materials &Methods: Tow groups (n=60 in each) of 6-month to 5-year old febrile children, who were admitted to AL-Zahraa teaching  Hospital in AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf city between  1st of February 2011 to  31th of  December 2011. The first group, or the (FS …

Evaluation Of Serum Levels Interferon Gamma , Interleukin 10 And The Ratio Between Them In Patients With Vitiligo : Association Of Interferon Gamma : Interleukin 10 Cytokine Ratio In Vitiligo Patients, Husam Awad, Israa A. Dheeb

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

AbstractBackground and Objective : In the process of depigmenting vitiligo, cytokines, which control immune response and inflammation, are essential. In this investigation, serum levels of interferon gamma (IFN-?) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and their the ratio were compared in healthy people and those with vitiligo in Iraqi.Materials and method : In order to conduct the study, samples from 60 patients were collected, while samples from 60 healthy participants (the control group) were pooled and measured using sandwich ELISA. Data on the patient's gender, family history, disease state, stress exposure, and males smoking habits are collected as part of the study.Results …

Fs-Febrile Seizure,Il-Interleuk An Association Of Il-6 And Il-10 Serum Levels With Childhood Febrile Seizure Marwa .A. Raheem1 , Prof.Dr.Ibrahim A. Altamemi2 1-Department Of Microbiology, College Of Medicine, University Of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, E-Mail : [email protected] 2-Department Of, Marwa .A. Raheem, Ibrahim A. Altamemi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Abstract Background_Febrile seizures are also-defined-as febrile..fits or febrile_ convulsions that-occur in children between/the ages_ of (6months_5years) who* have  a  fever  of  more,, than”38 degrees Celsius that are not associated with an intracranial reason/(like_as*an infection,, head.injury,or_epilepsy).   Objective- the aim of present study is to find out the Association of Inflammatory cytokines(IL-6, IL-10)serum levels with the onset of childhood febrile seizure. Methods- A case control study was conducted using 40 patients with febrile seizures and 40 controls whose ages ranged from (5 months to 5 years) to determine association of serum IL-6,IL-10 levels with FS. Under the supervision of a specialist pediatrician, …

Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphism In Iraqi Patient With Essential Hypertension, Ahmed Sultan

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Different genetic and environmental variables contribute to the complicated condition known as essential hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is thought to play a role in controlling blood pressure. In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the AGT is a protein that binds to renin to create angiotensin I, the prohormone of angiotensin II. It is angiotensin II (Ang II)'s precursor, angiotensinogen (AGT), that is responsible for its biological effects. The research took place between July 2022 and July 2023 at the Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital and the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in the College of Medicine at the University of Al-Qadisiyah in …

The Molecular Identification Of Agg And Hyl Genes Of Enterococcus Faecalis Isolated From Different Clinical Sampl: Molecular Detection Of Agg And Hyl Genes In Enterococcus Faecalis Isolates, Mona Salman, Ibtisam Habeeb Al-Azawi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: Enterococcus faecalis was gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, catalase-negative, oxidase negative, non-spore forming bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus frequently live in the intestines of healthy people. It typically appear in pairs or chains of various lengths. And its Microorganisms with mesophilic characteristics that grow for (ten – fifty four)?C and optimal temp comprised between 30?C and 35?C . Also, they are able to grow in a huge range of pH from 4.4 and 9.6 and in hyper salty media with 6.5% NaCl. Objective: This study aimed to molecular detection of the some genes responsible for virulence factor (agg and hyl) …

The Significance Of Serum Cea And Haematological Materials In The Diagnosis And Prognosis Of The Colorectal Carcinoma, Ali Hussein, Haider Abd .Jabbar Alammar, Mazen .J.Ibrahim

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: The second-leading source of neoplasm-related death and a primary factor in gastrointestinal Cancer, colorectal Cancer (CCR) affects both genders globally. Poor eating behaviours, tobacco, an intestinal inflammatory disorder, swellings, inherited characteristics, and the elderly all increase the threat of acquiring this malignancy. The illness is more hostile in patients detected at earlier ages, although 90% of patients with colorectal tumours are older than 50, with a median oldness of 64 years. American Cancer Association estimates that it caused more than 49,700 fatalities in 2015.

The Significance Of Serum Ca15-3 And Haematological Materials In The Diagnosis And Prognosis Of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Of The Breast, Nooralhuda Jalil

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: The other most prevalent malignancy amongst females is breast tumour. A mammary tumour is a multi-step process involving different cell categories, challenging to avoid internationally. Solitary of the finest methods to prevent mammary tumours is by initial identification. Due to initial recognition, the 5-year comparative persistence ratio for individuals with breast tumours is 80% in numerous developed countries. Together the appreciation of mammary tumours and the construction of avoidance measures have progressed considerably in the previous ten years.

Effect Of Mirna-99a Along With Tgf-?1(C/G +915) In Female With Secondary Unexplained Infertility, Sarhan Al-Saeedi, Ibrahim Abdulmajeed Altamemi

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: Women infertility is a big health problem worldwide and the genetic disorders considered underling causes of unexplained female infertility. Objective: to find out the role of miR-99a and TGF-?1 SNP (G/C +915) in development of secondary unexplained infertility in  women and prognostic of miR-99a. To achieve this goal, investigate the fold change of miR-99a and possibility to use them as biomarker. Also  identification of TGF-?1(G/C +915)SNP by ARMS- PCR. Material and methods: case control study have been conducted, blood samples had been collected from population (patients 50) and (control 50) living in the north area of Thi-Qar province The …

Correlation Of Norepinephrine With Some Biochemical Parametric In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus., Aqeel Abed Nour Hadi, Ferdous Jabir, Muhammad Abd-Alwahab

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from the body's reduced ability to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, and in type 2 diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to its effects. This causes a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream, which can eventually harm organs and tissues.  This study was carried out on patients who attended the Diabetes and Endocrinology Specialist Center of Marjan City for Medical Education in Babil Province., all patients were …

Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile Of Multidrug Resistant Isolates Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Ali Hadi Salih, Adnan Hamad Aubaid, Ghada B. Ali

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen cause most healthcare-associated infections and is considered a paradigm of antibiotic resistance.                                          Objective: The present study aimed to determine the antibiogram profile         of multidrug-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa isolates collected from Baghdad hospitals. Methods: In a cross-sectional manner, P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from various clinical samples between December 2021 to June 2022. were defined as those resistant to at least one anti-pseudomonal agent in three or more classes. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method tested one hundred isolates of   P. aeruginosa for susceptibility to 24 anti-pseudomonal agents. Multiple-resistant isolates. Results: The results …

Evaluation Of The Salivary Level Of Sphingosine _ 1 Phosphate In Periodontitis, Azraa Awaid, Hadeel Mazin Akram

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

The reactive signaling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a vital function in many biological processes that encompass cell development. In addition, it has been linked to bone resorption and formation. Based on its biological effects on osteoclastic and osteoblastic cells and immune cells, S1P has recently been discovered as a mediator and biomarker in inflammatory bone disorders such as osteoporosis and inflammatory osteolysis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) may play a role in developing periodontitis, an inflammatory disorder that destroys bone. This study aims to evaluate the salivary level of S1P in periodontitis. The study sample consisted of 70 participants, both males and females. …

Folic Acid Deficiency Associated With Mitochondria Dna Damage In Beta Thalassemia Major, Qassim Ibrahim, Anwar Jasib Almzaiel

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: Folate deficiency has been found in Beta-thalassemia major (?-TM ). However, its impact with mitochondria DNA damage  status has not been addressed. The study aimed to investigate  the serum folic acid in ?-TM patients and to determine an association between serum FA deficiency and mitochondria DNA damage. Methods: A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed with ?-TM patients  were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups:45 ?-TM  who were not receiving folic acid (FA)and  35 ?-TM  who were receiving  folic acid 5 mg/day (?-TM +FA),  40 healthy subjects were consider as control. A blood sample (5 …

The Role Of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (Her2/Neu) In The Prognosis Of Gastric Cancer: A Review Article, Sarah Ayad Abed, Huda Abbas Kalaf, Suhair Ayad Abed

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Background: It is worth to mention that the ToGA trial published article described a relatively longer median survival for patients with positive expression of her2/neu in comparison with the overall trend of patients with such malignant tumor questioning the possibility of good prognostic implication of her2/neu gene amplification in association with gastro-esophageal junction tumors. This opinion is indeed in contrast to the observations of other authors who concluded that gene amplification and protein overexpression is associated with poor prognostic implication.Aim of the study: The lack of consensus in available medical literatures concerning the role of her2/neu overexpression in association with …