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The Theory Of Structured Propositions And The Resolution Of Problems With The Essential Indexical, Landon Elkind Oct 2023

The Theory Of Structured Propositions And The Resolution Of Problems With The Essential Indexical, Landon Elkind

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

John Perry laid out an argument that he believes falsified the structured theory of propositions. He claims that indexicals cannot be accounted for by this theory. I maintain that indexicals are unproblematic for structured proposition theory, and that Perry has mistakenly presupposed that knowledge is ‘black or white’ – one either knows or does not know – rather than adopting a more subtle definition of knowledge. I also argue that he further presupposed that humans will reason perfectly. Disputing this assumption and defining knowledge accurately resolve the issues posed by Perry. Some consequences of my notion of knowledge are discussed.

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Epistemology For Naturalists And Non-Naturalists: What’S The Difference?, Jason Poettcker Oct 2023

Epistemology For Naturalists And Non-Naturalists: What’S The Difference?, Jason Poettcker

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The current debates between Naturalists and Non-Naturalists about epistemology are difficult to navigate because there are so many forms of naturalism and non-naturalism and many different issues debated over. This paper will first attempt to explain and define what I think are the basic naturalist and non-naturalist positions on epistemology. Then it will compare the epistemology of three naturalists Quine, Hilary Kornblith, Jeagwon Kim with a non-naturalist/theist, Alvin Plantinga, to see if my formulation of the debate stands. I am making two separate claims: First, that one’s methodology will affect or determine one’s ontology. Second, that the main issue between …

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Resonance In Human Walking Economy: How Natural Is It?, Elizabeth Arnall, Jessica Pyatt, Chelsie Rice, Katie L. Anderson Oct 2023

Resonance In Human Walking Economy: How Natural Is It?, Elizabeth Arnall, Jessica Pyatt, Chelsie Rice, Katie L. Anderson

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Locomotion and movement economy are cornerstone topics in movement science. Modeling the leg as a hybrid mass-spring pendulum shows walking economy should be optimized when stride frequency matches the resonant frequency of the limb. Human walking is described as self-optimizing because mean preferred (PSF) and modeled resonant (RSF) stride frequencies usually are statistically equivalent, but this depiction may not be fully justified. Purpose: To more thoroughly examine the self-optimization characterization and the consequences of obligating use of the RSF. Methods: Forty-seven individuals of diverse statures completed 3 consecutive days of preferred walking trials on a treadmill where stride rate, stride …

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Sex, Lies, And Surgery: The Ethics Of Gender Reassignment Surgery, Maggi Colene Hume Oct 2023

Sex, Lies, And Surgery: The Ethics Of Gender Reassignment Surgery, Maggi Colene Hume

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

In this paper, I argue that in cases in which competent adult patients have been suffering from long-term gender identity disorders which interfere with their everyday life functions, gender reassignment surgery is a morally permissible treatment option. Though many argue that it is morally impermissible to allow the use of surgery for such non-medical things as reassigning gender, I argue that the use of surgery for reassigning gender is morally permissible on the basis of Kantian autonomy and Utilitarian reasoning. In this paper, I will further discuss my argument, as well as the primary objections to the argument and my …

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Should Contract Pregnancies Be Legally Enforceable?: An Assessment Of The Gender Inequality Hypothesis In The Asymmetry Thesis, Elizabeth Burstein Oct 2023

Should Contract Pregnancies Be Legally Enforceable?: An Assessment Of The Gender Inequality Hypothesis In The Asymmetry Thesis, Elizabeth Burstein

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The legal enforceability of surrogate motherhood is largely contested in bioethics. In this paper, I argue against what Debra Satz terms the “asymmetry thesis,” the idea that there should be an asymmetry (basically, a difference) between how we treat reproductive labor and other forms of labor. Satz’s main support for the asymmetry thesis is that if contract pregnancies are legally enforced, they reinforce a long history of the gender inequality that is pervasive in our culture. I contend that this is not well-supported, and identify three salient empirical questions that the ethicist must ask the sociologist before defending the asymmetry …

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The Possibility Of Group Ethics: A Defense And New Approach, Dustin Bishop Oct 2023

The Possibility Of Group Ethics: A Defense And New Approach, Dustin Bishop

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The first part of this paper discusses the two primary theories that have attempted to provide groups with moral status. By examining their respective methods for assigning moral rights to a group, I elucidate problems in both accounts, showing them insufficient in their attempt to defend group ethics. The corporate account establishes a group identity entirely separable from the identities of its individuals. However, this allows the rights of the individuals to clash with those of the group. The collective account asserts that the group identity, and the only source of a group’s moral status, lies in the sum of …

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The Four-Color Theorem Solved, Again: Extending The Extended Mind To The Philosophy Of Mathematics, Casey M. Rufener Oct 2023

The Four-Color Theorem Solved, Again: Extending The Extended Mind To The Philosophy Of Mathematics, Casey M. Rufener

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

In 1977 when Appel, Haken and Koch used a computer to mathematically solve the century old four-color-problem philosopher Thomas Tymoczko thought that the epistemic justification in mathematics had been changed. Essentially, Tymoczko, and others, argue we can now have mathematical epistemic justification through a posteriori means. This has obvious implication in philosophy of mathematics and epistemology because this would be the first case where mathematics isn’t justified through a priori means of investigation. However, I ultimately disagree with Tymoczko. I argue that computer-aided-proofs still warrant an a priori means of justification. In order to show this, I refer to advances …

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Abductive Reasoning As An Aesthetic Of Interpretation And A Logic Of Creativity In Umberto Eco’S ‘The Name Of The Rose’, Jody Kolter Oct 2023

Abductive Reasoning As An Aesthetic Of Interpretation And A Logic Of Creativity In Umberto Eco’S ‘The Name Of The Rose’, Jody Kolter

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

I begin my argument by questioning Peirce’s assumption that aesthetics exists only in the state of impulse and feeling (as opposed to method): if I can show how aesthetics necessitates reason, then abductive reasoning emerges as an aesthetic of creative logic useful for the interpretation of texts. Interpretation of the sign—Peirce defines the sign in terms of a triadic relation—to symbol (a word that stands for something that cannot be seen but is not meant to define or signify the object that it represents) evolution demands an aesthetic more than linguistic approach insofar as the symbol requires an interpretation that …

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The Role Of Personal Identity In Medically Defining And Determining Death, Burk Schaible Oct 2023

The Role Of Personal Identity In Medically Defining And Determining Death, Burk Schaible

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The current dilemma regarding the definition and determination of death directly arises from advancements in medical technology and worldwide organ shortage. As a fundamentally biological phenomenon, many consider the philosophical concept of personhood important to society, but irrelevant to the medical/legal definition of death. By providing a brief history of death and assessing the plausibility of various accounts of personal identity, I argue the hylomorphic account of personal identity not only relevant to defining death biologically, but necessary to retaining moral agency.

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Is Beauty A Valid Criterion For Truth?, Natalie Rich Oct 2023

Is Beauty A Valid Criterion For Truth?, Natalie Rich

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

[From the introduction]Both beauty and Truth lie beneath many of mankind’s deepest desires and aspirations. The search for beauty drives many people to travel to pristine forests or untouched coastlines to experience awe, while the search for knowledge about the Truth of the universe in which we live compels many to study the tiniest particles or largest spaces we can conceive in order to get a slight hold on our place in a seemingly endless and impartial existence. Our rational proclivities lead us to search for Truth and solid facts; our intrinsic appreciation for natural beauty allows us to deeply …

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Evangelical School Of Nursing Bulletin, 1976-1978, Advocate Aurora Health Oct 2023

Evangelical School Of Nursing Bulletin, 1976-1978, Advocate Aurora Health

Historical Documents - Combined

Evangelical School of Nursing, Oak Lawn, IL: Brochure advertising the Evangelical School of Nursing. Includes information on school policies, education requirements, and a course catalog.

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Evangelical School Of Nursing Bulletin, 1982-1985, Advocate Aurora Health Oct 2023

Evangelical School Of Nursing Bulletin, 1982-1985, Advocate Aurora Health

Historical Documents - Combined

Evangelical School of Nursing, Oak Lawn, IL: Brochure advertising the Evangelical School of Nursing. Includes information on school policies, education requirements, and a course catalog.

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Ischemic Preconditioning On Swimming Performance: An Exploration Into Practical Application, Samantha Erickson, Zachary Pandorf, Shane D. Scholten Oct 2023

Ischemic Preconditioning On Swimming Performance: An Exploration Into Practical Application, Samantha Erickson, Zachary Pandorf, Shane D. Scholten

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 14, 2023. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), in exercise science, is the practice of repeatedly creating an ischemic event within a limb before exercise in an effort to improve athletic ability. The athletic aid, currently under review for its applicability to aerobic sports, has garnered conflicting results in the last decade of study. This research investigated the effects of IPC over distances of 250 and 500 yards while imposing commonly suggested methodologies. Sixteen college-aged swimmers, either recreational or competitive, were given IPC treatment with individualized limb occlusion pressure (ILOP) accompanied by …

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Are All Pokémons Created Equal? Assessing The Value-Neutrality Of Pokémon Tcg Design Process, Minoru Matsui Oct 2023

Are All Pokémons Created Equal? Assessing The Value-Neutrality Of Pokémon Tcg Design Process, Minoru Matsui

IASDR Conference Series

The cultural evolution research program is useful for quantitatively explaining complex creative processes such as design. From a design studies perspective, its variation generation process is particularly intriguing. However, cultural transmission theorists have long modelled the process as a random novelty invention, far from the real-life modern design process. Here we show an instance of such a deviation, examining how the design process and its resulting frequencies of Pokémon TCG variants deviate from a neutral model in which an agent randomly selects and introduces cultural variants to the population from the design pool.

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Design Activating Agency: A Study On Rural Community Co-Creation In China Under Non-Anthropocentrism, Xin Zhao, Duoduo Zhang Oct 2023

Design Activating Agency: A Study On Rural Community Co-Creation In China Under Non-Anthropocentrism, Xin Zhao, Duoduo Zhang

IASDR Conference Series

Community co-creation, centered on human values, fosters favorable conditions for stakeholder participation in design collaboration. Sustainable development of local communities, including their culture, relies on the interaction between humans, artificial systems, and nature. Firstly, this article describes the trend of community co-creation in guidance frameworks, activity tools, and collaboration processes, pointing agency as the platform trigger for community co-creation development. Secondly, based on the bioinclusive involvement framework and practices in various countries, this article summarizes 3 co-creation models and their characteristics in rural communities, and the third model shows chances in local culture and multi-species stakeholders. Thirdly, this article analyzes …

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An Investigation Into The Product Attachment Between Single-Person Household And Their Home Appliances, Ga-Eul Han, James Andrew Self, Chajoong Kim Oct 2023

An Investigation Into The Product Attachment Between Single-Person Household And Their Home Appliances, Ga-Eul Han, James Andrew Self, Chajoong Kim

IASDR Conference Series

Products that are emotionally bonded are more likely to be successful in the market than those that are not. Emotional bonding is defined as product attachment. It induces positive relationships between user and product by offering a more expansive, holistic approach to design for higher longevity from the sustainability perspective. Although it is an important factor in product development, little research has been done towards understanding product attachment, especially for home appliances. The study aimed to further understanding of product attachment in home appliance design. A total of ten home appliances were selected by cross-mapping of physical interaction density and …

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Using Ar Hmd In Exhibition: Effects Of Guidance Methods And Spatial Relative Positions, Kexing Wang, Zhenlin Song, Xuanhui Liu, Pei Chen, Lingyun Sun Oct 2023

Using Ar Hmd In Exhibition: Effects Of Guidance Methods And Spatial Relative Positions, Kexing Wang, Zhenlin Song, Xuanhui Liu, Pei Chen, Lingyun Sun

IASDR Conference Series

AR devices have the potential to augment the space of exhibitions, provide flexible and diverse interactions between visitors and exhibits, and enhance the viewing experience. To keep the virtual objects from blocking the real exhibits, the virtual objects may appear out of view and cause extra searching efforts for the visitors. Current studies have provided multiple guidance methods to deal with the out-of-view problem, yet they haven’t provided specific advice in the exhibition scenario. This research conducted a within-subject experiment in an exhibition to compare three kinds of guidance methods (i.e., arrow, radar, and spatial sound) with relative positions covering …

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Increasing Preventive Care Through Increased Access To Healthy Foods, Danijela Kaurin, Sarah Syed, Bahra Chabo, Gulad Ali, Adam Sagerman, Santosh Basapur Oct 2023

Increasing Preventive Care Through Increased Access To Healthy Foods, Danijela Kaurin, Sarah Syed, Bahra Chabo, Gulad Ali, Adam Sagerman, Santosh Basapur

IASDR Conference Series

Food deserts are areas that lack the availability of fresh, affordable, and nutritious foods. Almost half of the food in the United States of America is wasted every year, yet somehow there are thousands of food deserts. This lack of nutritious food for people of all ages negatively impacts health outcomes as chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease are rising quickly. Preventive care is a practice in which patients take the initiative to make healthier choices in life to prevent the onset or progression of chronic illness. An example of such initiatives is eating and preparing more nutritious …

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Bio-Brutalism; Five Case Studies Framing The Emergence Of New Raw Aesthetics At The Intersection Of Material Regeneration, Environmental Design, And Craft, Fernando Galdon, Harry Hosker, Hugo Garcia, William Eliot, Anna Tsiganchuk, Shaoyu Wang, Delfina Fantini, Robert Phillips Oct 2023

Bio-Brutalism; Five Case Studies Framing The Emergence Of New Raw Aesthetics At The Intersection Of Material Regeneration, Environmental Design, And Craft, Fernando Galdon, Harry Hosker, Hugo Garcia, William Eliot, Anna Tsiganchuk, Shaoyu Wang, Delfina Fantini, Robert Phillips

IASDR Conference Series

As we move towards a regenerative paradigm for crafts, with new objectives, methods, and practices, questions arise regarding the aesthetics of these emerging forms. To address this issue, the main author developed a module aimed at exploring furniture design at the intersection of regenerative materials, structures, and aesthetics in greater depth. In this context, five cases have been selected to frame the quintessential characteristics of these new raw aesthetics.These case studies showcase varying approaches, with some generating new aesthetic qualities by introducing novel processes, while others embrace a strictly analogue approach to highlight literal aesthetics.The resulting aesthetics have been categorised …

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The Dronetic Moment: Future Of Drone Light Show & Lighting Design In Concerts, Pak Lam Sin, Soojin Jun Oct 2023

The Dronetic Moment: Future Of Drone Light Show & Lighting Design In Concerts, Pak Lam Sin, Soojin Jun

IASDR Conference Series

Stage lighting design in concerts are being transformed along the development of innovative advanced technologies. Drone technology and its potential practices are continuously examined. Adopting drone light shows in concerts is becoming the trend. The purpose of this research is to explore the potential of drone light show application in concerts. This paper will investigate the differences between stage lighting and drone light show in five main perspectives. Subjects who had experience watching drone light shows in concerts are recruited for survey and in-depth interview to gain insight of their experiences. Findings from the research show that contextual communication, large …

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Design Characteristics In Outdoor Seating Areas – A Study Of Coffee Shops In Hong Kong And Copenhagen, Mia Münster Oct 2023

Design Characteristics In Outdoor Seating Areas – A Study Of Coffee Shops In Hong Kong And Copenhagen, Mia Münster

IASDR Conference Series

Transitional spaces, or ‘in-between’ areas, those connecting the interior and exterior spaces of shops, cafés and restaurants–these are spheres of interaction between commercial and public spaces. In them, through the use of design elements, stores communicate the nature of their offerings, their services, and their values to the outside world; consumers, in turn, decode these elements as a part of their decision to patronize the store. Increasingly, these transitional spaces incorporate areas for outdoor seating. In these areas, parts of the surrounding neighborhood are pulled into the store’s sphere, while the store’s sphere is simultaneously projected into the surrounding area. …

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Social Innovation Through Regenerative Perspectives: A Theoretical Approach On Gender-Based Violence System, Raquel Lima Oct 2023

Social Innovation Through Regenerative Perspectives: A Theoretical Approach On Gender-Based Violence System, Raquel Lima

IASDR Conference Series

Regenerative theories are used in human and non-human dynamics in a sustainable perspective; however, their potential can flourish new applications to deal with other social challenges. This article explores a theoretical approach to possible uses of regenerative theories applied to the gender-based violence (GBV) system and its relevance in social innovation. The answers in GVB are conducted by the government and civil society institutions that collectively act on the field. Despite the efforts to end violence against women, there is a long road to deconstructing inequalities, and social and cultural structures that evidence and contribute to maintaining the phenomenon. Since …

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Ai Logic Of Care: Premises For Upgrading The Smart Bandages For Diabetic Chronic Wounds, Ignacio De La Torre Zapata, Tincuta Heinzel, Roberta Bernabei Oct 2023

Ai Logic Of Care: Premises For Upgrading The Smart Bandages For Diabetic Chronic Wounds, Ignacio De La Torre Zapata, Tincuta Heinzel, Roberta Bernabei

IASDR Conference Series

This paper addresses the relationship between the medical application design and the “logic of care” in the context of smart bandages for diabetic wounds. As one of the major medical issues that involve constant monitorisation, chronic wounds are the centre of interest to a number of stakeholders. From patients, caregivers and medical services providers involved in their monitoring and treatment, to engineers, material scientists and designers involved in the products used to treat them. The research of Annemarie Mol has demonstrated that we encounter two “logics” when it comes to medical interventions: the “logic of care” and the “logic of …

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Navigating Circularity In Practice: Proposing A Decision-Making Tool For Guiding Circular Product Development, Danika Van Kaathoven, Daijiro Mizuno Oct 2023

Navigating Circularity In Practice: Proposing A Decision-Making Tool For Guiding Circular Product Development, Danika Van Kaathoven, Daijiro Mizuno

IASDR Conference Series

Product design and development are considered to be essential in the transition toward a circular economy. Circular product design requires strategies and methods that support a holistic and systems approach considering the complete lifecycle of a product. In order to support designers and businesses in going circular, various theoretical frameworks, methods, and strategies for circular design have been conceived in recent years. Yet, the need for more evidence of how to help circular design in practice remains. This study aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice in the field of circular design by proposing a tool to help …

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Global Goals, Local Future Stories: Unpacking Contrasts And Visions Of Circular Economy Activities In Neighbourhood Makerspaces, María Laura Ramírez Galleguillos, Damla Çay, Aykut Coşkun Oct 2023

Global Goals, Local Future Stories: Unpacking Contrasts And Visions Of Circular Economy Activities In Neighbourhood Makerspaces, María Laura Ramírez Galleguillos, Damla Çay, Aykut Coşkun

IASDR Conference Series

Circular makerspaces have the potential to contribute to sustainable development goals (SDGs) by promoting circular-making activities such as reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling. However, community building is essential for maintaining a circular makerspace, which requires engaging the makers and future users in circular-making activities. In this paper, we argue that involving locals in the design of circular makerspaces can facilitate community building and support makers' sense of belonging to the space. We present the experience of involving citizens in establishing circular makerspaces in seven European cities as part of the EU-funded H2020 project, [Project Name]. We developed a technique, called …

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More Than Human Empathy: A Caring Approach To Ecosystemic Design, Mariana Pestana Oct 2023

More Than Human Empathy: A Caring Approach To Ecosystemic Design, Mariana Pestana

IASDR Conference Series

This paper argues for a caring approach to design based on more-than-human empathy. It proposes that such an empathic turn can provide a useful framework for eco-systemic thinking and practice in design, because it takes into consideration the wellbeing and the rights of people but also that of non-human bodies. To do that, this paper reports on a study concerning the conception and delivery of a design Biennial, entirely created and experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which gathered thinkers, practitioners, researchers and community groups to collectively discuss, scrutinise and rehearse the role of design in a post-anthropocentric, more-than-human paradigm. For …

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Exploring Multimodal Technologies To Engage Elderly People In Remote Communication With Their Family, Baihui Chen, Xueliang Li Oct 2023

Exploring Multimodal Technologies To Engage Elderly People In Remote Communication With Their Family, Baihui Chen, Xueliang Li

IASDR Conference Series

The increasing mobility in the ageing society has caused more and more elderly people living separately with their family. The quality of remote communication with their family located in different places affects the mental wellbeing and quality of life for the elderly. However, the traditional communication technologies focus on screen-based interaction and synchronous communication are limited in engaging elderly users in fulfilling and engaging experiences compared to the younger generations in communication. In this paper, we look at three novel types of technologies, i.e., immersive technologies, social robots and IoTs, while considering their potential to promote social presence of one …

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Exploring The Design Applications Of Key Emerging Materials From Natural Sciences Through A Design Ideation Workshop, Muhammad Tufail, Xinyi Wang, Aichu Tian, Xinye Li, Sai Yin Leung, Sahr Uzma, Hyunyim Park, Kwanmyung Kim Oct 2023

Exploring The Design Applications Of Key Emerging Materials From Natural Sciences Through A Design Ideation Workshop, Muhammad Tufail, Xinyi Wang, Aichu Tian, Xinye Li, Sai Yin Leung, Sahr Uzma, Hyunyim Park, Kwanmyung Kim

IASDR Conference Series

The design direction is shifting towards new design landscapes with alive and adaptive aesthetic features and functions and confronting natural alternative designs. Designers, architects, and artists have proposed the exploration of emerging materials by exploiting synthetic biology, bionics, chemical technology, and material science to create new design alternatives with natural aesthetic features and functions. In practice, however, designers are not properly familiar with the potential applications of these emerging materials and their alive and adaptive aesthetic and functional features in product design. Thus, particularly in traditional product design development, the applications of these materials are untouched resulting from three hindering …

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Changing Heritage, Rodolfo Maffeis, Trocchianesi Raffaella, Franzato Carlo, Mason Marco Oct 2023

Changing Heritage, Rodolfo Maffeis, Trocchianesi Raffaella, Franzato Carlo, Mason Marco

IASDR Conference Series

The paper deals with changing processes of the cultural heritage through different perspectives: how the power of the change can be recognized both in the historic art masters approach and in their representations? How these historic art masters have triggered iconographic and conceptual agents of innovation? How Design for Cultural Heritage can envision new sustainable scenarios taking into account sociopolitical, cultural and climatic changes? In this complex context and age, what are new models of cultural experiences? What is the role of digital in museums transformation? Herein we will explore new definitions of contemporary museology and museography, like the digitally …

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Co-Creating Narratives Of Usefulness, Elisa Cardamone Oct 2023

Co-Creating Narratives Of Usefulness, Elisa Cardamone

IASDR Conference Series

Health and social care are moving increasingly towards digital platforms and greater knowledge of people’s lifestyles and habits through numbers (Sharon 2016, 2017; Sharon & Zandbergen 2017; Rooksby et al. 2014; Swan 2013). However, among ageing populations, digital devices often enter households just to be forgotten in cupboards due to their lack of “usefulness” (Kim et al. 2022; Spann and Stewart 2018). Research shows that people aged 65 and older tend to use fewer technologies and to do so less frequently than younger individuals (Smith 2014). How can we empathise with the lived experience of ageing populations, designing devices that …

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