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Articles 100501 - 100530 of 819731

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High Throughput Laser Ablation Icp-Ms Bioimaging Of Silver Distribution In Animal Organisms And Plant Tissue After Exposure To Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles, G Marolt, S Novak, Aj Kokalj, I Talaber, V Kononenko, S Loureiro, Z Khodaparast, Pv Silva, Mb Fité, Rd Handy, D Drobne Oct 2023

High Throughput Laser Ablation Icp-Ms Bioimaging Of Silver Distribution In Animal Organisms And Plant Tissue After Exposure To Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles, G Marolt, S Novak, Aj Kokalj, I Talaber, V Kononenko, S Loureiro, Z Khodaparast, Pv Silva, Mb Fité, Rd Handy, D Drobne

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a method with high potential to visualize the distribution of elements in different samples, including a variety of organisms. This study aimed to demonstrate the broad application of LA-ICP-MS in nanomaterial-biota fate studies as a high throughput bioimaging tool and to broaden the choice of standard organism models in material-biota interaction research. In this study, operation parameters of LA-ICP-MS were optimised on one organism, woodlice Porcellio scaber. Subsequently, the scanning conditions were tested on a range of aquatic (Girardia tigrina, Lumbriculus variegatus, and Oncorhynchus mykiss), terrestrial organisms (Lumbricus rubellus, Porcellio scaber) …

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Disrupt Development And Function Of The Olfactory Sensory System Impairing Olfaction-Mediated Behaviour In Zebrafish, Aya Takesono, Sylvia Dimitriadou, Nathaniel J. Clark, Richard D. Handy, Sulayman Mourabit, Matthew J. Winter, Tetsuhiro Kudoh, Charles R. Tyler Oct 2023

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Disrupt Development And Function Of The Olfactory Sensory System Impairing Olfaction-Mediated Behaviour In Zebrafish, Aya Takesono, Sylvia Dimitriadou, Nathaniel J. Clark, Richard D. Handy, Sulayman Mourabit, Matthew J. Winter, Tetsuhiro Kudoh, Charles R. Tyler

School of Health Professions

Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal present in numerous enzymes throughout the body, playing a vital role in animal and human health. However, the increasing use of zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnONPs) in a diverse range of products has raised concerns regarding their potential impacts on health and the environment. Despite these concerns, the toxicity of ZnONP exposure on animal health remain poorly understood. To help address this knowledge gap, we have developed a highly sensitive oxidative stress (OS) biosensor zebrafish capable of detecting cell/tissue-specific OS responses to low doses of various oxidative stressors, including Zn, in a live fish embryo. …

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Paired Liver:Plasma Pfas Concentration Ratios From Adolescents In The Teen-Labs Study And Derivation Of Empirical And Mass Balance Models To Predict And Explain Liver Pfas Accumulationn, Brittney O Baumert, Fabian C Fischer, Flemming Nielsen, Philippe Grandjean, Scott Bartell, Nikos Stratakis, Douglas I Walker, Damaskini Valvi, Rohit Kohli, Thomas Inge, Justin Ryder, Todd Jenkins, Stephanie Sisley, Stavra Xanthakos, Sarah Rock, Michele A La Merrill, David Conti, Rob Mcconnell, Lida Chatzi Oct 2023

Paired Liver:Plasma Pfas Concentration Ratios From Adolescents In The Teen-Labs Study And Derivation Of Empirical And Mass Balance Models To Predict And Explain Liver Pfas Accumulationn, Brittney O Baumert, Fabian C Fischer, Flemming Nielsen, Philippe Grandjean, Scott Bartell, Nikos Stratakis, Douglas I Walker, Damaskini Valvi, Rohit Kohli, Thomas Inge, Justin Ryder, Todd Jenkins, Stephanie Sisley, Stavra Xanthakos, Sarah Rock, Michele A La Merrill, David Conti, Rob Mcconnell, Lida Chatzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Animal studies have pointed at the liver as a hotspot for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) accumulation and toxicity, however, these findings have not been replicated in human populations. We measured concentrations of seven PFAS in matched liver and plasma samples collected at the time of bariatric surgery from 64 adolescents in the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) study. Liver:plasma concentrations ratios were perfectly explained (r2 > 0.99) in a multi-linear regression (MLR) model based on toxicokinetic (TK) descriptors consisting of binding to tissue constituents and membrane permeabilities. Of the seven matched plasma and liver PFAS concentrations compared in this …

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A Critique Of Modern Agriculture And Its Effect On Personhood, Chelsea Richardson Oct 2023

A Critique Of Modern Agriculture And Its Effect On Personhood, Chelsea Richardson

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

This paper outlines ways in which the alienated labor conditions of capitalism and certain technological applications in industrial agriculture contribute to the diminishing of one’s personhood through the production and consumption of industrial food. Personhood is defined as a person’s capacity to produce and consume food. The works of Karl Marx and Albert Borgmann are instrumental to the conclusions of this essay. Ultimately, the combination of Marx’s and Borgmann’s theories allow me to argue that a diminished form of personhood is the consequence of a food practice which encompasses the production and consumption of food using industrial agriculture.

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Railton’S Moral Properties And Sinclair’S Critique Of Them, Reyes Espinoza Oct 2023

Railton’S Moral Properties And Sinclair’S Critique Of Them, Reyes Espinoza

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The field of Ethics in philosophy is confusing for many, even those having worked in the field a few years. Thus, the field of Meta-ethics may be even more confusing. Meta-ethics, in a nutshell, is arguing about how to argue about Ethics. A question to ask in this field is what are moral properties? That is, what makes claims about morality true or false? Peter Railton takes them to be naturalistic properties (facts in the natural and social sciences) that play an explanatory role in empirical theories. Railton’s ethical naturalism is one such theory of morality. Here I will focus …

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Evolutionary Ethics And The Moral Skeptic, Philip Yaure Oct 2023

Evolutionary Ethics And The Moral Skeptic, Philip Yaure

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

In this paper, I examine the relation between moral skepticism and evolutionary ethics. I focus on Robert Richards’ ‘Revised Theory’ of evolutionary ethics (in his “A Defense of Evolutionary Ethics), and Robert Joyce’s introduction of the moral skeptic as an objection to Richards’ view (in his The Evolution of Morality). I argue that Joyce’s application of the moral skeptic (an individual who denies common-sense moral judgments) is misaimed—for Richards can utilize a traditional response in moral theory and simply consider the skeptic beyond the pale of moral discourse. I then proceed to argue that the skeptic can be reintroduced at …

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Machine Functionalism: Brains As Computing Machines, Yolanda Walker Oct 2023

Machine Functionalism: Brains As Computing Machines, Yolanda Walker

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Machine functionalism, or, the computational theory of mind, states that the inner workings of the brain are akin to the information processing of a computer. There are numerous faults with this view. Not only are computers inaccurate models for brain states, but also consciousness--as understood as generating appropriate (behavior) outputs to corresponding inputs--can’t be generated through mechanical means.

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Physiological, Psychological, And Performance Differences Between Wii Fitness Gaming And Traditional Gym Exercises, Mike R. Bumgarner, David S. Senchina Oct 2023

Physiological, Psychological, And Performance Differences Between Wii Fitness Gaming And Traditional Gym Exercises, Mike R. Bumgarner, David S. Senchina

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Video gaming systems market themselves as tools for promoting physical activity or physical therapy. In this investigation, we wanted to compare the Wii console system game EA Sports Active to traditional gym exercises using five activities: basketball passing, basketball shooting, biceps curls, body squats, and jogging. Our hypotheses were that: (1) physiological demand would be greater in the gym than on the Wii, (2) psychological measures of exertion would be greater in the gym than on the Wii, and (3) performance would be poorer in the gym than on the Wii. Ten young adults participated in the study, completing all …

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The Myth Of Broad Naturalism: The Case Of Owen Flanagan, Nicholas Ogle Oct 2023

The Myth Of Broad Naturalism: The Case Of Owen Flanagan, Nicholas Ogle

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

In The Really Hard Problem, Owen Flanagan seeks to explain how we can live meaningfully in a material world despite naturalism’s supposed scientific reductionism, which more often engenders disenchantment with reality than the “joyful optimism” he believes ought to be produced by the naturalist position. In this paper I argue that Flanagan’s theory of subjective realism, as well as his faulty identification of consciousness with neurological states, fails to overcome the criticisms he and others have pinned against scientific reductionism, and thus he fails to ever go beyond it. While Flanagan’s intentions to make a case for ethical and political …

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The Self-Alienation Of Nature: An Anti-Teleological Environmental Ethic, Thomas P. Reagan Oct 2023

The Self-Alienation Of Nature: An Anti-Teleological Environmental Ethic, Thomas P. Reagan

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Understanding Nature itself is an essential component of developing an environmental ethic. However, many of the ‘positive ethics’ (i.e. ethics based on aesthetics, biophila, teleology) lack the critical observation that Nature does not act kindly or attempt to preserve an organism’s life and well being, but rather, statistically, operates by continually ending life. This paper develops from this notion that biological concepts such as symbiogenesis and biotic potentials point towards an environmental ethic founded upon aligning with Nature’s process of turning against itself. This paper claims that humans, being within Nature ontologically yet separated experientially, are alienated from the ideal …

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Memory, The Self And Why We Are Conscious (Or Alternatively: Why We Don’T Do Consciousness), Sebastian Orlander Oct 2023

Memory, The Self And Why We Are Conscious (Or Alternatively: Why We Don’T Do Consciousness), Sebastian Orlander

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

This paper aims at examining a new assessment of a foundational paradigm for conducting science within the fields of neurology and its corresponding philosophy of mind. The main view examined is that of Alva Noë, professor of philosophy at UC Berkeley, and the view he forwards in his book Out of Our Heads. His main thesis rests on a critique of current scientific methodology and the foundational paradigm of functionalism, which he counters with a view from a more radical examination of what consciousness is in terms of living beings in their environments and the processes that animate these living …

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Meaning And (F)Act: Ray Brassier’S Speculative Nihilism And Its Implications For Dialectics, Geran Wales Oct 2023

Meaning And (F)Act: Ray Brassier’S Speculative Nihilism And Its Implications For Dialectics, Geran Wales

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

This paper seeks to frame the proper place for the empirical phenomenon of human meaning in the scientifically disenchanted world described by Ray Brassier. I embrace Brassier’s statement that “Nihilism is not an existential quandary but a speculative opportunity” but disagree with his injunction that human meaning is unimportant. Meaning should be an object of philosophy insofar as we are biologically bound to experiencing the world in a meaningful way. Brassier’s work is exciting for its application of rigorous analytic techniques to continental discourse, in a manner that makes contributions to both metaphysics and philosophy of science.

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Musical Platonism: A Challenge To Levinson, Thien-Tin M. Le Oct 2023

Musical Platonism: A Challenge To Levinson, Thien-Tin M. Le

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Musical Platonism’s central thesis is that a musical work is a sound structure and nothing more. Given this, three consequences follow. First, musical works cannot be created. Second, if two musical works have the same sound structure, they are the same musical work. Third, a musical work’s instrumentation is not a necessary feature of its identity. Jerrold Levinson denies these three claims. He argues that musical works are created; that even if two musical works have the same sound structure, they are nevertheless two different musical works; and that a musical work’s instrumentation is a necessary feature of its identity. …

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Plantinga’S Innocent Assumption: Self-Defeating Naturalism, And Churchland’S Response, Matt Destefano Oct 2023

Plantinga’S Innocent Assumption: Self-Defeating Naturalism, And Churchland’S Response, Matt Destefano

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Alvin Plantinga’s Evolutionary Argument Against Naturalism argues that given the story of biological evolution and naturalism, we wouldn’t expect our cognitive mechanisms to be reliable, or that the probability of any given belief being true is very low. Given that our beliefs are generated by our cognitive mechanisms we have a defeater for all of our beliefs which include both evolution and naturalism. Paul Churchland responded by arguing that it is not our native cognitive faculties that justify our beliefs of evolution and naturalism, but the faculties provided to us by the sciences through enhanced evaluation techniques and artificial sensory …

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The Theory Of Structured Propositions And The Resolution Of Problems With The Essential Indexical, Landon Elkind Oct 2023

The Theory Of Structured Propositions And The Resolution Of Problems With The Essential Indexical, Landon Elkind

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

John Perry laid out an argument that he believes falsified the structured theory of propositions. He claims that indexicals cannot be accounted for by this theory. I maintain that indexicals are unproblematic for structured proposition theory, and that Perry has mistakenly presupposed that knowledge is ‘black or white’ – one either knows or does not know – rather than adopting a more subtle definition of knowledge. I also argue that he further presupposed that humans will reason perfectly. Disputing this assumption and defining knowledge accurately resolve the issues posed by Perry. Some consequences of my notion of knowledge are discussed.

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Epistemology For Naturalists And Non-Naturalists: What’S The Difference?, Jason Poettcker Oct 2023

Epistemology For Naturalists And Non-Naturalists: What’S The Difference?, Jason Poettcker

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The current debates between Naturalists and Non-Naturalists about epistemology are difficult to navigate because there are so many forms of naturalism and non-naturalism and many different issues debated over. This paper will first attempt to explain and define what I think are the basic naturalist and non-naturalist positions on epistemology. Then it will compare the epistemology of three naturalists Quine, Hilary Kornblith, Jeagwon Kim with a non-naturalist/theist, Alvin Plantinga, to see if my formulation of the debate stands. I am making two separate claims: First, that one’s methodology will affect or determine one’s ontology. Second, that the main issue between …

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Resonance In Human Walking Economy: How Natural Is It?, Elizabeth Arnall, Jessica Pyatt, Chelsie Rice, Katie L. Anderson Oct 2023

Resonance In Human Walking Economy: How Natural Is It?, Elizabeth Arnall, Jessica Pyatt, Chelsie Rice, Katie L. Anderson

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

Locomotion and movement economy are cornerstone topics in movement science. Modeling the leg as a hybrid mass-spring pendulum shows walking economy should be optimized when stride frequency matches the resonant frequency of the limb. Human walking is described as self-optimizing because mean preferred (PSF) and modeled resonant (RSF) stride frequencies usually are statistically equivalent, but this depiction may not be fully justified. Purpose: To more thoroughly examine the self-optimization characterization and the consequences of obligating use of the RSF. Methods: Forty-seven individuals of diverse statures completed 3 consecutive days of preferred walking trials on a treadmill where stride rate, stride …

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Sex, Lies, And Surgery: The Ethics Of Gender Reassignment Surgery, Maggi Colene Hume Oct 2023

Sex, Lies, And Surgery: The Ethics Of Gender Reassignment Surgery, Maggi Colene Hume

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

In this paper, I argue that in cases in which competent adult patients have been suffering from long-term gender identity disorders which interfere with their everyday life functions, gender reassignment surgery is a morally permissible treatment option. Though many argue that it is morally impermissible to allow the use of surgery for such non-medical things as reassigning gender, I argue that the use of surgery for reassigning gender is morally permissible on the basis of Kantian autonomy and Utilitarian reasoning. In this paper, I will further discuss my argument, as well as the primary objections to the argument and my …

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Should Contract Pregnancies Be Legally Enforceable?: An Assessment Of The Gender Inequality Hypothesis In The Asymmetry Thesis, Elizabeth Burstein Oct 2023

Should Contract Pregnancies Be Legally Enforceable?: An Assessment Of The Gender Inequality Hypothesis In The Asymmetry Thesis, Elizabeth Burstein

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The legal enforceability of surrogate motherhood is largely contested in bioethics. In this paper, I argue against what Debra Satz terms the “asymmetry thesis,” the idea that there should be an asymmetry (basically, a difference) between how we treat reproductive labor and other forms of labor. Satz’s main support for the asymmetry thesis is that if contract pregnancies are legally enforced, they reinforce a long history of the gender inequality that is pervasive in our culture. I contend that this is not well-supported, and identify three salient empirical questions that the ethicist must ask the sociologist before defending the asymmetry …

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The Possibility Of Group Ethics: A Defense And New Approach, Dustin Bishop Oct 2023

The Possibility Of Group Ethics: A Defense And New Approach, Dustin Bishop

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The first part of this paper discusses the two primary theories that have attempted to provide groups with moral status. By examining their respective methods for assigning moral rights to a group, I elucidate problems in both accounts, showing them insufficient in their attempt to defend group ethics. The corporate account establishes a group identity entirely separable from the identities of its individuals. However, this allows the rights of the individuals to clash with those of the group. The collective account asserts that the group identity, and the only source of a group’s moral status, lies in the sum of …

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The Four-Color Theorem Solved, Again: Extending The Extended Mind To The Philosophy Of Mathematics, Casey M. Rufener Oct 2023

The Four-Color Theorem Solved, Again: Extending The Extended Mind To The Philosophy Of Mathematics, Casey M. Rufener

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

In 1977 when Appel, Haken and Koch used a computer to mathematically solve the century old four-color-problem philosopher Thomas Tymoczko thought that the epistemic justification in mathematics had been changed. Essentially, Tymoczko, and others, argue we can now have mathematical epistemic justification through a posteriori means. This has obvious implication in philosophy of mathematics and epistemology because this would be the first case where mathematics isn’t justified through a priori means of investigation. However, I ultimately disagree with Tymoczko. I argue that computer-aided-proofs still warrant an a priori means of justification. In order to show this, I refer to advances …

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Abductive Reasoning As An Aesthetic Of Interpretation And A Logic Of Creativity In Umberto Eco’S ‘The Name Of The Rose’, Jody Kolter Oct 2023

Abductive Reasoning As An Aesthetic Of Interpretation And A Logic Of Creativity In Umberto Eco’S ‘The Name Of The Rose’, Jody Kolter

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

I begin my argument by questioning Peirce’s assumption that aesthetics exists only in the state of impulse and feeling (as opposed to method): if I can show how aesthetics necessitates reason, then abductive reasoning emerges as an aesthetic of creative logic useful for the interpretation of texts. Interpretation of the sign—Peirce defines the sign in terms of a triadic relation—to symbol (a word that stands for something that cannot be seen but is not meant to define or signify the object that it represents) evolution demands an aesthetic more than linguistic approach insofar as the symbol requires an interpretation that …

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The Role Of Personal Identity In Medically Defining And Determining Death, Burk Schaible Oct 2023

The Role Of Personal Identity In Medically Defining And Determining Death, Burk Schaible

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The current dilemma regarding the definition and determination of death directly arises from advancements in medical technology and worldwide organ shortage. As a fundamentally biological phenomenon, many consider the philosophical concept of personhood important to society, but irrelevant to the medical/legal definition of death. By providing a brief history of death and assessing the plausibility of various accounts of personal identity, I argue the hylomorphic account of personal identity not only relevant to defining death biologically, but necessary to retaining moral agency.

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Is Beauty A Valid Criterion For Truth?, Natalie Rich Oct 2023

Is Beauty A Valid Criterion For Truth?, Natalie Rich

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

[From the introduction]Both beauty and Truth lie beneath many of mankind’s deepest desires and aspirations. The search for beauty drives many people to travel to pristine forests or untouched coastlines to experience awe, while the search for knowledge about the Truth of the universe in which we live compels many to study the tiniest particles or largest spaces we can conceive in order to get a slight hold on our place in a seemingly endless and impartial existence. Our rational proclivities lead us to search for Truth and solid facts; our intrinsic appreciation for natural beauty allows us to deeply …

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Evangelical School Of Nursing Bulletin, 1976-1978, Advocate Aurora Health Oct 2023

Evangelical School Of Nursing Bulletin, 1976-1978, Advocate Aurora Health

Historical Documents - Combined

Evangelical School of Nursing, Oak Lawn, IL: Brochure advertising the Evangelical School of Nursing. Includes information on school policies, education requirements, and a course catalog.

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Evangelical School Of Nursing Bulletin, 1982-1985, Advocate Aurora Health Oct 2023

Evangelical School Of Nursing Bulletin, 1982-1985, Advocate Aurora Health

Historical Documents - Combined

Evangelical School of Nursing, Oak Lawn, IL: Brochure advertising the Evangelical School of Nursing. Includes information on school policies, education requirements, and a course catalog.

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Ischemic Preconditioning On Swimming Performance: An Exploration Into Practical Application, Samantha Erickson, Zachary Pandorf, Shane D. Scholten Oct 2023

Ischemic Preconditioning On Swimming Performance: An Exploration Into Practical Application, Samantha Erickson, Zachary Pandorf, Shane D. Scholten

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 14, 2023. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), in exercise science, is the practice of repeatedly creating an ischemic event within a limb before exercise in an effort to improve athletic ability. The athletic aid, currently under review for its applicability to aerobic sports, has garnered conflicting results in the last decade of study. This research investigated the effects of IPC over distances of 250 and 500 yards while imposing commonly suggested methodologies. Sixteen college-aged swimmers, either recreational or competitive, were given IPC treatment with individualized limb occlusion pressure (ILOP) accompanied by …

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Are All Pokémons Created Equal? Assessing The Value-Neutrality Of Pokémon Tcg Design Process, Minoru Matsui Oct 2023

Are All Pokémons Created Equal? Assessing The Value-Neutrality Of Pokémon Tcg Design Process, Minoru Matsui

IASDR Conference Series

The cultural evolution research program is useful for quantitatively explaining complex creative processes such as design. From a design studies perspective, its variation generation process is particularly intriguing. However, cultural transmission theorists have long modelled the process as a random novelty invention, far from the real-life modern design process. Here we show an instance of such a deviation, examining how the design process and its resulting frequencies of Pokémon TCG variants deviate from a neutral model in which an agent randomly selects and introduces cultural variants to the population from the design pool.

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Design Activating Agency: A Study On Rural Community Co-Creation In China Under Non-Anthropocentrism, Xin Zhao, Duoduo Zhang Oct 2023

Design Activating Agency: A Study On Rural Community Co-Creation In China Under Non-Anthropocentrism, Xin Zhao, Duoduo Zhang

IASDR Conference Series

Community co-creation, centered on human values, fosters favorable conditions for stakeholder participation in design collaboration. Sustainable development of local communities, including their culture, relies on the interaction between humans, artificial systems, and nature. Firstly, this article describes the trend of community co-creation in guidance frameworks, activity tools, and collaboration processes, pointing agency as the platform trigger for community co-creation development. Secondly, based on the bioinclusive involvement framework and practices in various countries, this article summarizes 3 co-creation models and their characteristics in rural communities, and the third model shows chances in local culture and multi-species stakeholders. Thirdly, this article analyzes …

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An Investigation Into The Product Attachment Between Single-Person Household And Their Home Appliances, Ga-Eul Han, James Andrew Self, Chajoong Kim Oct 2023

An Investigation Into The Product Attachment Between Single-Person Household And Their Home Appliances, Ga-Eul Han, James Andrew Self, Chajoong Kim

IASDR Conference Series

Products that are emotionally bonded are more likely to be successful in the market than those that are not. Emotional bonding is defined as product attachment. It induces positive relationships between user and product by offering a more expansive, holistic approach to design for higher longevity from the sustainability perspective. Although it is an important factor in product development, little research has been done towards understanding product attachment, especially for home appliances. The study aimed to further understanding of product attachment in home appliance design. A total of ten home appliances were selected by cross-mapping of physical interaction density and …

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