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Characteristics And Funding Strategies Of Mathematical Research, Xiaoxi Xiao, Xiaoshan Gao, Yaxiang Yuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Strengthening mathematical research aiming at the national strategic needs and major frontier problems is conducive to promoting mathematics research to play a more important strategic role in national development and international competition. This study analyzes the basic characteristics of mathematical research, summarizes the international experiences in funding mathematical research, and then deeply analyzes the major problems of Chinese funding mechanisms for mathematical research, such as the lack of overall planning, the short of sustainable and stable support, and the urgent need to improve the training, selecting, and funding mechanism for high-level mathematical talents. It also puts forward some policy suggestions, …

Strategic Development Problems And Mechanism Improvement In Engineering Science, Peinan Li, Weimin Bao, Wei Yao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Modern engineering embodies the characteristics of multi-disciplinary integration and is the engine for the development of basic science and engineering technology. Engineering science comes from engineering and serves engineering. Engineering science and natural science both belong to the category of basic research and are the basis of jointly supporting the development and progress of engineering technology. To this end, this paper reviews the development process of engineering science, and on the basis of fully grasping the and the connotation, development stage and modern characteristics of engineering science, draws on the experience and practices of major countries in the development of …

Discussion Of Materials Science Development Trend Through Climate Change, Manufacturing Update, National Security And Materials Genome Initiative, Weijian Lin, Bowen Zhang, Weihua Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

New materials are considered as the foreguide and the base of the revolution of advanced technology. Its development and trend of new materials greatly influences the human life and society development. Nowadays, the risk of climate change is increasing day by day, the pressure of manufacturing update of new technology revolution is bigger than ever, the competition and the friction between countries become more and more intense, and the iteration of advanced materials turns to a rigid demand. In this work, we analyze and predict the development tread of material from the aspects of climate change, manufacturing update, national security, …

Development Strategies Of New Energy Materials For Carbon Peak And Neutrality—Case Study Of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Ximei Qiu, Yan Wang, Haiming Lyu, Jian Xu, Yida Wu, Xiaowei Ma, Chunyi Zhi, Xiaolong Du, Xuejie Huang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Transformative energy technologies will provide strong strategic support to the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030, and achieving net zero carbon emissions before 2060. Reducing the dependence on fossil fuels by saving energy and reducing emissions from the source is essential to achieve the double-carbon target as soon as possible. Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory is working on key materials to develop solar-battery power systems and electrification of transportation energy to return coal, oil, and natural gas from fuels to materials. This study focuses on introducing the research team of its New Energy Materials and Devices R&D Center with …

Policy Overview (February, 2022)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Data Information: Global Overview Of Artificial Intelligence

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Thoughts And Suggestions On Development Of Earth Sciences In China, Lihua Zhou, Xin Wang, Chengxiong Zhou, Quanyou Liu, Jianhua Si, Wang Zhang, Zhijun Jin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Earth Sciences is a multi-disciplinary science, which takes the interaction of Earth's various spheres and their resources and environmental effects as the research object. As a comprehensive and systematic science that not only expands the frontier of human knowledge but also serves the social and economic development of human beings, Earth Sciences not only studies the past and reveals the evolution history of the Earth, but also faces the future and provides solutions for the sustainable development of human beings. Based on the analysis of the international development trends of Earth Sciences and the summary of the development status and …

Strategic Consideration And Recommendation On Development Of Chemistry In China, Yanlin Cheng, Shuxian Wu, Qing Dai, Chunying Chen, Yuliang Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Chemistry, as a central science linking all the other sciences, has played an influential role in promoting the development of the whole scientific and technological field and the prosperity of economy and society. Developed countries strongly support the development of chemistry and effectively promote the level of chemical research and chemical industry. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, chemical research has been supported among the field of natural sciences, and its current level is at the forefront of the world. However, there are still problems in the field of chemistry research in China, such as insufficient major …

Research On Characteristics, Development Trend And Funding Countermeasures Of Biology, Jie Chen, Jing Qu, Zhiyong Lou, Bing Zhu, Le Kang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Strengthening the research in biology aimed at national strategic needs and major scientific frontier issues is conducive to giving full play to the strategic supporting role of biological research for national economic development and the promotion of international competitiveness. This article combs the basic characteristics and development trend of biology, summarizes the practical experience of international biological research funding, and analyzes the outstanding problems in biological research in China, such as incomplete layout, lack of sustainable and stable support, and insufficient funding for top talents and teams. By referring to the international practical experience, it puts forward policy suggestions to …

Origins Of Strategic Basic Research And International Practices, Ruhan A, Kejia Yang, Cong Wu, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Strategic basic research is a novel concept evolves along with the historical development and understanding of what constitutes as basic research. It evolves from the interactions among different communities and their changing practices, the management and new demand from the government, the changing relationship between public and scientific community and the changes of funding structures for science and technology. This paper first reviews the historical development and understanding of basic research so that to investigate how has the concept of strategic basic research evolved, and then it summarizes the international practices of management and funding of basic research in the …

Development Strategy Of China’S Advanced Material Industry Cluster, Kun Zeng, Xiaopeng Li, Ziyun Shen, Fan Liao, Jinsong Xiao, Qingli Huang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The advanced material industry is a basic and strategic industry of the national economy, as well as the key area of global competition in technology industry. Under the dual-cycle development pattern, propelling the cluster development of advanced material industry has become a key to raise the level of the advanced material industry development. This article described the spatial distribution of the advanced material industry cluster in China, analyzed the characteristics and development stage of the advanced material industrial cluster, and compared the gap between the advanced material industry cluster in China and the world-class advanced manufacturing industry cluster. In addition, …

Development And Implication Of Amorphous Alloys, Weihua Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The development of metallic materials is closely correlated to the civilization of human being. Amorphous alloys with long-range disordered atomic microstructure, unique physical and mechanical properties, are advanced and novel metallic materials which have diverse industrial applications. Recently, the scientific research, new system development, and industry applications of the structural disordered alloys such as amorphous alloys and high entropy alloy are fast developing, and have significant influence on fields such as the desgin and development of metallic materials, structural materials, green materials, magnetic materials, catalytic materials, and information materials. In this article, we review the history, the development trends, the …

Development And Thinking Of Silicon Photonics Heterogenous Integration, Zihao Wang, Ting Wang, Jianjun Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Integrated photonics are fast-developing research field for next generation information technology. Current silicon photonic integrated chips strongly benefit from low-cost and high-density integration properties of existing CMOS technology. But limited by the physical properties of silicon, it is not a perfect material for different types of optoelectronic devices, such as laser sources, modulators, and infrared detectors. Therefore, heterogeneous integration is proposed by combining the advantages of CMOS process and superior opto-electric properties of heterogenous material systems, that can be an essential step towards next generation integrated optoelectronic chips. Here, this paper introduces the rapid progress of integrated photonics nationally and …

Two-Dimensional Materials: From Fundamental To Application, Guangyu Zhang, Geng Long, Shenghuang Lin, Lede Xian, Yan Jiang, Hao Wu, Shuopei Wang, Na Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rapid development of the information society puts forward an ever-increasing urgent need for information storage, processing, and transmission capabilities. With the ending of Moore's Law, the semiconductor industry urgently needs to find new solutions. Lowdimensional materials are considered to be a new breakthrough in the semiconductor industry in the post-Moore era, because of the size characteristics of atomic-level thickness, the structural advantage of no dangling bonds on the surface, and the sensitivity to electrical and optical control methods caused by a large specific surface area. Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory has introduced a group of top scientists and established a …

Connotation Analysis Of Original Basic Research And Implications For Original Exploratory Program Implemented By National Natural Science Foundation Of China, Jintao Bao, Yi Zhang, Yijie Peng, Yinghong Zhao, Hongguan Hao, Zhimin Zheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Original basic research is a key driving force for the development of science and technology, as well as the source of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. To further encourage and support originality and innovation, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) implemented the original exploratory program as one of its priorities for deepening reform. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of original basic research are analyzed, and the funding orientation of foreign major science funding agencies on original basic research projects is investigated. This study further discusses the connotation and positioning of …

Introduction On 2021 Top Ten Scientific Advances In China

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Serving Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games And Developing Ice And Snow Industry: Application And Extension Of Cryospheric Science, Dahe Qin, Cunde Xiao, Minghu Ding, Feiteng Wang, Zhiqiang Zhu, Shuiqing Yin, Jiawen Ren

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Cryospheric Science, as an emerging interdisciplinary research field combining natural science and humanity, aims to understand nature's law, serve human society and promote sustainable development. In recent years, by deepening the understanding of the cryosphere elements and the whole sphere, and by expanding the application research of cryospheric science, the Chinese community of cryospheric science has developed by leaps and bounds and realized the crossover from the traditional basic research to serving the major national needs, which marks the increasing maturity of the discipline. The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games is a major landmark event at an important historical time …

Starvation Diets: The History And Moral Implications Of Prolonging The Lives Of Juvenile Diabetics Before The Discovery Of Insulin, Olivia Thompson

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

This study explores the state of diabetology before Frederick Banting’s discovery of insulin in 1921, when juvenile diabetes was a terminal diagnosis. The widespread misunderstanding of the disease at the hands of physicians and scientists culminated in improper treatments and erroneous anatomical literature about diabetes until the age of discovery in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. More extensively, I examine the controversial work of 20th-century physician Frederick Madison Allen, who attempted to prolong the lives of juvenile diabetics by subjecting them to a rigid starvation diet by way of experimental trials lasting from 1915 to 1922. This diet …

Multicultural Education: Work Yet To Be Done, A. Olu Oyinlade

Great Plains Sociologist

This paper brings to the surface for review, discussion, and debate, some critical issues for which multicultural education specialists need to provide useful theoretical frameworks that may guide our explanations to these issues. With the embracing of the ideology of multicultural education in the United States, practically every institution of formal learning, from the grade school to the university, is rapidly subscribing or has already subscribed to multicultural curricula. By embracing the multicultural agenda, educational institutions are demonstrating a commitment to broadening students' views of American subcultures (and world cultures). By exposing students to these subcultures, their histories, experiences and …

The Biasing Impact Of Positive Instructor Reputation On Student Evaluations Of Teaching, D. Brian Mcnatt

Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

A naturally-occurring intervention in a longitudinal field setting (4 months) was used to examine the presence and biasing impact of a positive reputation on subsequent ratings of work performance (student evaluations of teaching). During pre-semester interactions, first-year MBA students received information from second-year MBAs about their upcoming professors and classes. Favorable information about the two professors and course examined in the present study caused a positive reputation. Results indicated that despite four months of experiencing actual performance, the positive reputation hindered students’ decision-making process resulting in biasedly inflated ratings of instructor performance and halo error judgments of course materials, grading, …

Translanguaging Space In A Bilingual Program In New York City Chinatown Middle School, Xiaodi Zhou, Danling Fu

Bilingual and Literacy Studies Faculty Publications

This study explores how translanguaging pedagogy was practiced in a New York City Chinatown middle school to engage emergent bilingual students (EBs) with diverse language literacy backgrounds in their study of the grade level social studies curriculum. The data were collected over the past two decades while we worked with classroom teachers in search of effective ways to improve EBs’ school performance. We revisited this data utilizing a translanguaging lens to reconceptualize this past work and reframe our analysis to deepen understanding of translanguaging teaching praxis. Therefore, this research not only seeks possible ways to meet challenges in the education …

Pathways From Child Maltreatment To Proactive And Reactive Aggression: The Role Of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptom Clusters, Elizabeth M. Mcrae, Laura Stoppelbein, Sarah E. O'Kelley, Paula K. Fite, Shana B. Smith

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Objective: Childhood aggression is related to a myriad of negative concurrent and long-term outcomes. To mitigate the risks associated with childhood aggression, it is important to understand risk factors that might predispose one to aggressive behaviors. One risk factor commonly associated with aggression is the experience of child maltreatment. A common outcome associated with child maltreatment is the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Several prevailing theoretical models of both post-traumatic stress and aggression indicate that these constructs have similar underlying cognitive, behavioral, and emotional mechanisms. Therefore, the present study examined the relations between and among child maltreatment, PTSS clusters, …

A Daily Within-Person Investigation On The Link Between Social Expectancies To Be Busy And Emotional Wellbeing: The Moderating Role Of Emotional Complexity Acceptance., Verity Y. Q. Lua, Nadyanna M Majeed, Angela K. Y. Leung, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

With postmodern societies placing a strong emphasis on making full use of one’s time, it is increasingly common to extol busy individuals as more achieving. In this context, although feeling a social expectation to be busy might imply that individuals are regarded as competent and desirable, its accompanying stressors may also detrimentally impact their mental health. Utilising data from a seven-day diary study, the current research examined the relationship between people’s daily perceived pressure to be busy and their daily emotional wellbeing. Multilevel modelling revealed that daily social pressure to be busy was a significant predictor of daily negative affect, …

Collaborations Of Subject Librarians In Digital Humanities Initiatives On Campus: A Case Of Visualization Of Social Connections And Geographic Movement Of Xie Lansheng, Joan Wang

Journal of East Asian Libraries

Digital humanities have transformed humanistic pedagogy and research by the application of a variety of computer technologies under the umbrella term of “digital.” As an essential campus hub to support the educational and research activities of their parent institutions, academic libraries naturally extend their services to support the digital humanities initiatives on campus with a partnership of faculty and students. However, not many cases and papers have been discovered to report details of subject librarians in the partnership. This paper presents an empirical study of a collaboration of a Chinese Studies Librarian with a faculty member and a Ph.D. student …

Jeal 174 Full Issue

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

Present Situation And Prospects Of Coal-Derived Gas Exploration And Development In Shanxi Province, Gong Jieli, Li Guofu, Li Dehui, Liu Liangliang, Wang Zheng, Xu Yun, Wang Xuchao

Coal Geology & Exploration

Coal-derived gas includes coalbed methane(CBM), shale gas and tight sandstone gas. CBM development is of practical significance to ensure coal mine safety, increase clean energy supply, improve regional energy consumption structure, and promote the clear water and blue sky program, which is more in line with the national strategic requirements of developing green energy, achieving carbon neutrality and peaking carbon dioxide emissions. Shale gas and tight sandstone gas are of great significance to improve China’s energy structure and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and peaking carbon dioxide emissions. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the beneficial exploration and successful …

New Fossil False Click-Beetles From The Americas (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae), Jyrki Muona

Insecta Mundi

One new genus and three new false click-beetle species (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) are described from American fossil resins: Neusiokia new genus, type species Neusiokia appalachiensis new species (North Carolina resin), Thambus woodruffi new species (Dominican resin) and Asiocnemis colombicus new species (Colombian resin).

Seventy-two fossil species are included in the family Eucnemidae presently. Half of them, 36, are based on Baltic amber materials (Muona 1993a; Muona 2021), 22 are from Myanmar amber deposits (Li et al. 2020; Muona 2020; Otto 2019) and 10 are mineral fossils, nine of these from China (Chang et al. 2016; Muona et al. 2020; Li et …

Value Co-Creation In Social Ventures: A Missing Link In The Effectual Logic–Performance Relationship, Xiaoming Yang, A. Erin Bass, Erin G. Pleggenkuhle-Miles, Jianxin Ge

Management Faculty Publications

We examine how effectual logic is related to value co-creation activities of social ventures and how value co-creation impacts the performance of these firms. We hypothesise that, in the face of uncertainty, social ventures with higher effectual logic are better able to identify and capitalise on opportunities for alternative forms of organising. We focus on value co-creation as an alternative form of organising and suggest that social ventures that co-create value with their stakeholders, such as donors, beneficiaries, and government agencies, will perform better. To test these hypotheses, we use structural equation model to analyse data collected from top executives …

Science And Technology Foresight Based On Think Tank Double Helix Methodology, Feng Zhang, Jing Wu, Ruimin Pei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Science and technology (S&T) foresight is an important form of S&T development strategy study. Based on the needs of economic and social development and the law of S&T innovation and development, S&T foresight is a process of forming a consensus on the medium and long-term S&T development trends among experts in multiple disciplines and fields, so that to provide scientific basis and decision support for S&T planning and policy making. With the rapid development of technology over the world, carrying out S&T foresight is crucial for China to seize opportunities for technological innovation, seize the frontier and opportunities of technological …

Integration Of Natural And Social Sciences: Only Way To Develop New Think Tanks Of High Quality— On Construction Of Think Tank Science, Xizhong Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The relationship between natural science and social science has experienced convergence, separation, and convergence again, shows a trend of accelerated integration under the background of modernization. The genes of new think tanks come from the two sources, i.e., natural science and social science, which is the demand for decision-making consultation that put forward by modernization construction. The only way to develop the new think tank of high quality is to establish the organizational leadership and policy traction system of think tanks that integrate natural science and social science, the internal and external coordination system of think tank research, the scientific …