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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
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[Brazil] Deconstructing Cyber Security In Brazil: Threats And Responses, Diniz, Robert Muggah, Misha Glenny
[Brazil] Deconstructing Cyber Security In Brazil: Threats And Responses, Diniz, Robert Muggah, Misha Glenny
Security Research Hub Reports
Brazil is doubling down on its cyber-security architecture while simultaneously consolidating its emerging power status. Although organized crime is one of the major threats to Brazilian cyberspace, are focused instead on military solutions better suited to the exceptional case of warfare. There is less emphasis on expanding law enforcement capabilities to identify and respond to cyber-crime and related digital malfeasance. Due to the absence of a unified government position on the issue or reliable data, Brazil has evolved an imbalanced approach to cyber-security. If Brazil is to rebalance its approach, it needs to fill knowledge gaps. At a minimum, policy …
Colombia: Coca Price Crash Offers Opportunities And Challenges In The Fight Against Narcotrafficking, Juan Rojas
Colombia: Coca Price Crash Offers Opportunities And Challenges In The Fight Against Narcotrafficking, Juan Rojas
Security Research Hub Reports
In recent months, the price of coca, the raw plant used to make cocaine, collapsed by as much as 50 percent in Colombia, while coca buyers have seemingly all but disappeared. In the country’s most impoverished regions, where hundreds of thousands of families depend on the crop for their livelihood, coca growers are resorting to stashing kilos of coca paste at home, waiting for buyers, Spanish daily El País reported.
Mexican Cartels Bolster Foothold And Alliances In Colombia, Juan Rojas
Mexican Cartels Bolster Foothold And Alliances In Colombia, Juan Rojas
Security Research Hub Reports
Between 2018 and 2022, Colombia’s Ombudsman Office emitted more than 20 alerts that affiliates of Mexico’s largest and most powerful cartels were active on Colombian soil. Some 40 Mexican nationals, according to the Ombudsman Office, were behind bars for drug trafficking charges in Colombia as of early 2023.
Tracking Elusive And Shifting Identities Of The Global Fishing Fleet, Jaeyoon Park, Jennifer Van Osdel, Joanna Turner, Courtney M. Farthing, Nathan A. Miller, Hannah L. Linder, Guillermo Ortuno Crespo, Gabrielle Carmine, David A. Kroosma
Tracking Elusive And Shifting Identities Of The Global Fishing Fleet, Jaeyoon Park, Jennifer Van Osdel, Joanna Turner, Courtney M. Farthing, Nathan A. Miller, Hannah L. Linder, Guillermo Ortuno Crespo, Gabrielle Carmine, David A. Kroosma
Security Research Hub Reports
Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing costs billions of dollars per year and is enabled by vessels obfuscating their identity. Here, we combine identities of ~35,000 vessels with a decade of GPS data to provide a global assessment of fishing compliance, reflagging patterns, and fishing by foreign-owned vessels. About 17% of high seas fishing is by potentially unauthorized or internationally unregulated vessels, with hot spots of this activity in the west Indian and the southwest Atlantic Oceans. In addition, reflagging, a tactic often used to obscure oversight, occurs in just a few ports primarily by fleets with high foreign ownership. …
Firearms Trafficking In The Caribbean: Haiti’S Unrest And The Neighbors Next Door, Felix Martiniez
Firearms Trafficking In The Caribbean: Haiti’S Unrest And The Neighbors Next Door, Felix Martiniez
Security Research Hub Reports
Firearms trafficking is one of the main drivers of the Caribbean’s soaring violence, with Haiti reaching a breaking point. The country not only currently faces a catastrophic humanitarian situation and gang-related violence, but also a firearms crisis created and fueled by transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) operating in and around Haiti and threatening the security of neighboring countries.
Fish Crimes In The Global Oceans, Dyhia Belhabib, Phillippe Le Billon
Fish Crimes In The Global Oceans, Dyhia Belhabib, Phillippe Le Billon
Security Research Hub Reports
This study provides a global assessment of the linkages between observed fisheries-related offenses across the world’s oceans between 2000 and 2020. We analyze data from the largest existing repository with 6853 events reporting offenses across 18 fishing-related categories, including illegal fishing, human rights abuses, and smuggling. We find that at least 33% of all recorded offenses are associated with 450 industrial vessels and 20 companies originating from China, the EU, and tax haven jurisdictions. We observe links between various types of offenses for 779 vessels, with such “transversal criminality” involving 2000 offenses and crimes globally. This study demonstrates the ability …
Why Leave Home, Marcus A. Boyd
Why Leave Home, Marcus A. Boyd
Security Research Hub Reports
For residents of the Northern Triangle countries (Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala) deciding to leave home temporarily or permanently to settle in another country is complex and predicated on various factors. Many populations in the Northern Triangle face strong organized criminal elements that use extortion and threats of violence to secure capital. El Salvador and Honduras have the highest homicide rates in Central America. Honduras and Guatemala are two of the highest ranked countries for femicide globally. According to results from Latin America Barometer (2018), one in five respondents from the Northern Triangle had been a victim of a crime …
Haiti: Earthquake Situation Report No. 4 (7 September 2021), Relief Web
Haiti: Earthquake Situation Report No. 4 (7 September 2021), Relief Web
Security Research Hub Reports
This report was produced by OCHA Haiti with contributions from United Nations Agencies, Funds and Programmes, nongovernmental organizations and humanitarian partners.
Connections Between Trades And Trafficking In Wildlife And Drugs, Daan Van Uhm, Nigel South, Tanya Wyatt
Connections Between Trades And Trafficking In Wildlife And Drugs, Daan Van Uhm, Nigel South, Tanya Wyatt
Security Research Hub Reports
“Whilst drug trafficking has been a concern for several decades, wildlife trafficking has only fairly recently garnered international attention. Often media coverage of wildlife trafficking links it to the illegal trade of drugs. This article analyses wildlife and drug trafficking connections of various kinds. The purpose is to reveal the overlaps and synergies of wildlife and drug trafficking, providing concrete examples of where these markets co-exist as well as intertwine based on literature and original fieldwork. It explores the question of ‘Why in some cases, an illicit market remains focused on a single commodity, whilst in others it accommodates a …
World Drug Report 2021: Executive Summary Policy Implications, United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime
World Drug Report 2021: Executive Summary Policy Implications, United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime
Security Research Hub Reports
"Drugs cost lives. In an age when the speed of information can often outstrip the speed of verification, the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us that it is crucial to cut through the noise and focus on facts, a lesson that we must heed in order to protect societies from the impact of drugs. Drug use killed almost half a million people in 2019, while drug use disorders resulted in 18 million years of healthy life lost, mostly due to opioids. Serious and often lethal illnesses are more common among drug users, particularly those who inject drugs, many of whom are …
Why Are Tourist Resorts Attractive For Transnational Crime? The Case Of The Mayan Riviera, Elisa Norio
Why Are Tourist Resorts Attractive For Transnational Crime? The Case Of The Mayan Riviera, Elisa Norio
Security Research Hub Reports
The relationships between tourist resorts and transnational crime are rarely analyzed systematically. This paper begins to fill this gap by examining how organized crime groups and individuals linked to them can take advantage of tourist resorts to commit crimes.
Fishy Business: Regulatory And Enforcement Challenges Of Transnational Organised Iuu Fishing Crimes, Andrea A. Stefanus, John A.E. Vervaele
Fishy Business: Regulatory And Enforcement Challenges Of Transnational Organised Iuu Fishing Crimes, Andrea A. Stefanus, John A.E. Vervaele
Security Research Hub Reports
The article aims to find the answer on the main question of how can the criminalisation of IUU fishing, especially when committed by OCGs, under suppression conventions tackle the deficits of regulations and enforcement at the international and national levels? These deficits have origin in the limited prescription by international fisheries instruments and a large autonomy and discretion of states leading to substantive divergent policies, legal framework and practices at the national level. Further, the actual international fisheries instruments do not provide for regulatory and enforcement solutions in relation to the involvement of OCGs in IUU fishing. We argue that …
Transnational Organized Crime And Security Threats In The Context Of Bangladesh, Ishtiak Ahmed Talukder
Transnational Organized Crime And Security Threats In The Context Of Bangladesh, Ishtiak Ahmed Talukder
Security Research Hub Reports
Crime has many faces, and transnational organized crime is one of them. Since business is a natural activity of human beings, they have found numerous ways to conduct it. With the pace of time state system got structured and more regularised in order to perform business smoothly. However, with the birth of ‘border’ and regularised business ideas, a new security threat emerged, which is transnational organized crime. With the increase of criminal organizations and the availability of modern technology, the degree of transnational threat has multiplied where only an organized and high level of an internationally authorized group can address …
The Violent Rise Of Cártel De Jalisco Nueva Generación (Cjng), Samuel D. Henkin
The Violent Rise Of Cártel De Jalisco Nueva Generación (Cjng), Samuel D. Henkin
Security Research Hub Reports
Part of the "Tracking Cartels Infographic Series," this brief details the the Violent Rise of Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG). It includes these key discussion points: Despite the fact that CJNG is one of the youngest cartels in Mexico it is considered to be one of, if not, the most powerful and violent cartel in Mexico today. CJNG’s assets are thought to be worth over $20 billion. The successful rapid and violent rise of CJNG challenges Mexico’s capacity to govern and normalizes violence and corruption as a way of organizing power and order.
Re-Evaluating Special Operations Forces-Led Counterterrorism Efforts, Barnett S. Koven
Re-Evaluating Special Operations Forces-Led Counterterrorism Efforts, Barnett S. Koven
Security Research Hub Reports
Dr. Koven, in this occasional paper, posits that kinetic counterterrorism (CT) actions undertaken by the state to kill, capture, or otherwise disrupt terrorist groups are ineffective in isolation. While kinetic actions may succeed in disrupting a specific plot or other activities in the immediate term, they have little long-term effect on the ability of terrorist groups to operate. This study, backed by data from Colombian CT efforts over several years, demonstrates that government CT activities leading to the capture, killing, or demobilization of terrorists are correlated with an increase in terrorist attacks following a government’s actions. Moreover, this study reasons …
Enter 9/11: Latin America And The Global War On Terror, Markus-Michael Müller
Enter 9/11: Latin America And The Global War On Terror, Markus-Michael Müller
Security Research Hub Reports
This article offers an analysis of the transnational discursive construction processes informing Latin American security governance in the aftermath of 9/11. It demonstrates that the Global War on Terror provided an opportunity for external and aligned local knowledge producers in the security establishments throughout the Americas to reframe Latin America's security problems through the promotion of a militarized security epistemology, and derived policies, centered on the region's ‘convergent threats’. In tracing the discursive repercussions of this epistemic reframing, the article shows that, by tapping into these discourses, military bureaucracies throughout the Americas were able to overcome their previous institutional marginalization …
The Intersection Between Illegal Fishing, Crimes At Sea, And Social Well-Being, Mary Mackay, Britta Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox
The Intersection Between Illegal Fishing, Crimes At Sea, And Social Well-Being, Mary Mackay, Britta Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox
Security Research Hub Reports
Illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing is a major contributor to global overfishing, threatening food security, maritime livelihoods, and fisheries sustainability. An emerging narrative in the literature posits that IUU fishing is associated with additional organized criminal activities, such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, slavery, and arms smuggling. This literature review resolves the contradiction between the common narrative that fisheries and other crimes are linked by presenting three distinct business models for maritime criminal activities.
Central Latin America: Two Decades Of Challenges In Neglected Tropical Disease Control, Peter J. Hotez, Ashish Damania, Maria Elena Bottazzi
Central Latin America: Two Decades Of Challenges In Neglected Tropical Disease Control, Peter J. Hotez, Ashish Damania, Maria Elena Bottazzi
Security Research Hub Reports
"Since the start of the 21st Century, the CLA region has faced considerable challenges, including prolonged droughts with intermittent and extreme floods due to climate change; violence and political instability linked to the drug trade; political, socioeconomic, and food insecurity from agricultural declines; human displacements; urbanization; and even the marginalization of large indigenous populations [2, 3]. Here, we provide an overview of the findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study from the years 2000 and 2017 highlighting the gains or losses in neglected tropical disease (NTD) and malaria disease control in the CLA countries and progress towards the …
Contested Borders: Organized Crime, Governance, And Bordering Practives In Colombia-Venezuela Borderlands, Viviana Garcia Pinzon, Jorge Mantilla
Contested Borders: Organized Crime, Governance, And Bordering Practives In Colombia-Venezuela Borderlands, Viviana Garcia Pinzon, Jorge Mantilla
Security Research Hub Reports
"Based on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the ColombianVenezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis …
Malaria In Gold Miners In The Guianas And The Amazon: Current Knowledge And Challenges, Maylis Douine, Yann Lambert, Lise Musset, Helene Hiwat, Liana Reis Blume, Paola Marchesini, Gilberto Gilmar Moresco, Horace Cox, Juan F. Sanchez, Leopoldo Villegas, Vincent Pommier De Santi
Malaria In Gold Miners In The Guianas And The Amazon: Current Knowledge And Challenges, Maylis Douine, Yann Lambert, Lise Musset, Helene Hiwat, Liana Reis Blume, Paola Marchesini, Gilberto Gilmar Moresco, Horace Cox, Juan F. Sanchez, Leopoldo Villegas, Vincent Pommier De Santi
Security Research Hub Reports
“Purpose of Review Following Paraguay and Argentina, several countries from the Amazon region aim to eliminate malaria. To achieve this, all key affected and vulnerable populations by malaria, including people working on gold mining sites, must be considered. What is the situation of malaria in these particular settings and what are the challenges? This literature review aims to compile knowledge to answer these questions. Recent Findings The contexts in which gold miners operate are very heterogeneous: size and localization of mines, links with crime, administrative status of the mines and of the miners, mobility of the workers or national regulations. …
Group And Child–Family Migration From Central America To The United States: Forced Child–Familyseparation, Reunification, And Pseudo Adoption Inthe Era Of Globalization, Carmen Monico, Jovani Mendez-Sandoval
Group And Child–Family Migration From Central America To The United States: Forced Child–Familyseparation, Reunification, And Pseudo Adoption Inthe Era Of Globalization, Carmen Monico, Jovani Mendez-Sandoval
Security Research Hub Reports
Intercountry adoption from Latin America became a sizable, “quiet” migration to the U.S., as evident in its historical evolution from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The recent migration of unaccompanied minors and families traveling with children from these case countries has been characterized by child–family separation, prolonged detention and institutionalization of children, and adoption through various means. This study has been concerned with how both trends became intertwined in the era of globalization. To address this question, the authors examined intercountry adoption literature and migration-related briefs, legal claims, and news reports. The study suggests that internationally recognized child rights have …
From Transit Hub To Major Supplier Of Illicit Cigarettes To Argentina And Brazil: The Changing Role Of Domestic Production And Transnational Tobacco Companies In Paraguay Between 1960 And 2003, Roberto Magno Iglesias, Benoît Gomis, Natalia Carrillo Botero, Philip Shepherd, Kelley Lee
From Transit Hub To Major Supplier Of Illicit Cigarettes To Argentina And Brazil: The Changing Role Of Domestic Production And Transnational Tobacco Companies In Paraguay Between 1960 And 2003, Roberto Magno Iglesias, Benoît Gomis, Natalia Carrillo Botero, Philip Shepherd, Kelley Lee
Security Research Hub Reports
© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Paraguay has reportedly been a major transit hub for illicit tobacco products since the 1960s, initially to supply markets in Argentina and Brazil and, more recently, other regional markets and beyond. However, to date there has been no systematic analysis, notably independent of the tobacco industry, of this trade including the roles of domestic production and transnational tobacco companies (TTCs). This article fills that gap by detailing the history of Paraguay's illicit cigarette trade to Brazil and Argentina of TTC products and Paraguayan production between 1960 and 2003. The effective control of illicit cigarette flows, …
Country Reports On Terrorism 2019, U.S. Department Of State Bureau Of Counterterrorism
Country Reports On Terrorism 2019, U.S. Department Of State Bureau Of Counterterrorism
Security Research Hub Reports
This 2019 report details terrorist activities occuring around the world and provides an overview of areas where international and regional terrorist organizations may have a presence or foothold and access to financial or other types of support.
Global Corruption Baromoter Latin America & The Caribbean 2019: Citizens' Views And Experiences Of Corruption, Coralie Pring, Jon Vrushi
Global Corruption Baromoter Latin America & The Caribbean 2019: Citizens' Views And Experiences Of Corruption, Coralie Pring, Jon Vrushi
Security Research Hub Reports
"In the last five years, momentum has been building against corruption in Latin America and the Caribbean. High-level politicians were found guilty of corruption in Guatemala and Brazil, and a wave of legal action against the perpetrators of grand corruption swept across the continent, including the Lava Jato investigation, or “Operation Car Wash”, in Brazil. This presents a real opportunity for anti-corruption in the region. However, this 10th edition of the Global Corruption Barometer – Latin America and the Caribbean shows that most citizens think their governments are not doing enough to tackle corruption and that corruption levels have increased …
High Expectations. Interregional Agendas On Global Security Challenges: East Asia, Europe And Latin America, Juan Pablo Soriano
High Expectations. Interregional Agendas On Global Security Challenges: East Asia, Europe And Latin America, Juan Pablo Soriano
Security Research Hub Reports
"Interregionalism has been increasingly used to advance cooperation on regional and global security challenges. This study examines three interregional dialogues comprising East Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Each interregional security agenda reflects specific concerns and different evolving paths. Insights from ‘multilateral security governance’ approaches can reinforce the analysis of how security agendas emerge and change, and how their related norms and practices evolve."
Venezuela’S Toxic Relations With Iran And Hezbollah: An Avenue Of Violence, Crime, Corruption And Terrorism, Christian Vianna De Azevedo
Venezuela’S Toxic Relations With Iran And Hezbollah: An Avenue Of Violence, Crime, Corruption And Terrorism, Christian Vianna De Azevedo
Security Research Hub Reports
Venezuela’s relations with Iran date back into the sixties when both were founding members of the OPEC. Iran’s influence in Latin America has become quite large since the Iranian revolution. Iran sees Latin America as a strategic priority for its global positioning. The Lebanese immigration towards South America has begun a while ago. But there’s a period, during the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990) when a large number of Lebanese immigrants came to the continent. Back then, according to some experts, Hezbollah and Iran took advantage of this mass migration and infiltrated their agents and recruiters among the Muslim migrants. Hezbollah …