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Burdens Of Proof In Criminal Procedure, Eve Brensike Primus

Articles

The Supreme Court’s haphazard approach to allocating burdens of proof in criminal procedure has created a system in which constitutional rights can be rendered meaningless simply because defendants are required to prove things they cannot possibly know. Even though allocations of the burden of proof often drive litigation outcomes, the Court has failed to establish clear burden allocation structures for cases arising under the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments, leaving lower courts split about how to allocate the burdens. When the Supreme Court does allocate burdens, it often does so without explanation or consideration of key factors. Recent Supreme …

From Altamont To Astroworld: An Analysis Of Management Issues In Large Scale Music Festivals, Jennifer Morriss

Honors College Theses

The most common problems in music festivals can largely be broken into two categories: risks to the individual and risks on a grand scale. It is the responsibility of event managers to consider how to best keep everyone safe and maintain proper organization. Risks to the individual are often things like substance use and abuse, harm reduction, and sexual assault or harassment. Meanwhile, broad risks tend to be issues of evacuation and emergency management, crowd safety, stampedes, and casualties or violence. It is crucial to reflect on prior common safety and security issues when setting out to produce a large …

Mentoring Programs For Youth In Hagerstown, Maryland: Addressing The Opioid Epidemic, Stephane Reed

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Goal Statement: The goal of this social change portfolio is to help develop and promote mentoring programs for youth in Hagerstown, Maryland as preventive strategy to reduce the impact of the opioid epidemic. This initiative seeks to strengthen resilience, enhance academic performance and foster healthy decision-making among adolescents through consistent, supportive adult-youth relationships. The proposed mentoring framework to integrate culturally responsive, trauma-informed and community-based approaches address the systemic and interpersonal factors contributing to misuse in Washington County. Significant Findings: In Washington County, where Hagerstown is located, it continues to experience one of the highest opioids overdoes within Maryland which is …

Housing Instability And The Prevention Of Recidivism In Travis County, Helen Carter

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Goal Statement: To reduce and prevent homelessness for those individuals being released from incarceration to aid recidivism prevention, through the expansion and maximization of re-entry programs prior to release. Significant Findings: Both homelessness and recidivism are significant problems in the Travis County area. Data showed over 6,000 individuals were unhoused per day in 2024 (ECHO, n.d.), with recidivism costing the state of Texas almost $370 million per year. There is also a strong association between having been incarcerated, being unhoused, and subsequent recidivism, with a 10 times higher likelihood of being homeless (Couloute, 2018). In addition, this demographic faces many …

Buncombe County Overdose Prevention, Alexandra Decker

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Goal Statement: The goal of this social change project is to prevent overdoses in Buncombe County, North Carolina. Significant Findings: Individuals experiencing polysubstance use within Buncombe County’s homeless population face an elevated risk of fatal and non-fatal overdoses. Contributing factors include co-occurring mental health disorders, unstable housing, and lack of harm reduction services (Khan et al., 2022; Lyons et al., 2019). In 2024, Buncombe County had one of the highest overdose rates throughout the state (North Carolina Overdose Epidemic Data | Division of Public Health, 2022). Key findings show the need for integrated, trauma-informed prevention efforts, including expanding dual-diagnosis programs, …

Syllabus: Gen140 Gender, Activism, And Social Change, Ellie Bell

Open Educational Resources

This course introduces students to general topics in activism, gender studies, and justice. The course will draw connections between gender, race, sexuality and grassroots, community and organizational activism and social justice and change. Students will be expected to apply the knowledge gained in the classroom to observational and documentation projects focusing on the activism occurring on the college campus and in the larger community. The course will introduce key terms in the interdisciplinary fields of gender and activist studies and some of the important debates in these fields. It will then focus on a specific form of activism toward social …

Spectrum, Volume 55, Issue 4, Sacred Heart University

Newspapers (Obelisk & Spectrum)

Highlights include: Second Annual P.I.E.R. Conference -- Laudato Si’ Initiative Expands to Office -- PRSSA Prepares Students for Real-World Success -- Fall Festivities at SHU -- TAP Presents “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” -- Sacred Heart Hockey Ranked First in Preseason Polls

Neutrosophic Psychological Profiles In Habeas Corpus: An Analysis Of Judicial Indeterminacy, Esther Maricela Coello Avilés, Kevin Luis Flores Vega, Josselyn Bryggitte Vilela Verdezoto

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study investigates the psychological influences, particularly indeterminacy, on judges' and lawyers' decisions regarding habeas corpus, an area underexplored in legal psychology which traditionally focuses on cognitive bias and emotional processing. Employing Neutrosophic Psychology, the research utilized semi-structured interviews and neutrosophic questionnaires with 60 legal practitioners to analyze their levels of acceptance, rejection, and indeterminacy. The findings reveal significant indeterminacy in granting or denying habeas corpus, fueled by a persistent tension between sympathetic and conservative leanings. Key impactful variables identified include existential factors, social pressures, and personal values. Ultimately, the study validates Neutrosophic Psychology as an applicable framework in the …

Effectiveness Of Dogmatic Criminal Law Reasoning In The Permanent Structure Of The General Theory Of Crime And Punishment Through Plithogenic N-Superhypergraphs, Luis A. Crespo-Berti, Josía Jeseff Isea Argüelles, Marco Patricio Villa Zura

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study solves a central problem associated with criminal law: the theory and punishment of criminal law is assessed via transcendentally structured criminal law theory and punishment essentially static via a legal dogmatic approach. While transcendental are necessary for a normative understanding of criminal law, in reality, they apply to no situationally based real-world construction of intersecting cases, meaning transcendental assessments render static, decontextualized conclusions. Yet the application exists in criminal law but literature does not create a system that affords criminals, crimes, and punishment the non-certain, paradoxical, and variable components associated with them and a legal system. Therefore, this …

When Executions Don't Kill: The Stories Of Eight People Who Survived Their Date With Death, Austin Sarat, Julia Morgan-Canales, Aidan Gemme

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

This Article focuses on the eight people who have survived execution attempts in the last 100 years. Some of them faced a second attempt to carry out the sentence. Others escaped that fate only to die in prison; one reached an agreement with the state to allow them to remain in prison for the rest oftheir life, and the fate of another is up in the air.

By examining what went wrong in their executions and the accounts of those events offered by defense lawyers, state officials, and judges, this Article suggests that these executions fall into distinct genres. Each …

Concurrent Acl And Medial/Lateral Meniscal Repair In A Collegiate Soccer Player: Disablement Model Case Study, Rebecca L. Perry, Angelica Alicea, Jeanette Welch, Carl White, Emily E. Hildebrand, Peter Lisman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This case examines a 19-year-old female Division I collegiate soccer player who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with medial and lateral meniscal repairs. Though meniscal tears often occur in conjunction with ACL injury, incidence of concurrent medial and lateral tears with presence of a displaced bucket-handle lesion is rare. This patient attempted to tackle an oncoming opponent in which contact caused forceful trunk rotation away from her planted right foot. Sideline evaluation revealed medial and posterior knee pain with active knee range of motion deficits. Further evaluation revealed apprehension and muscle guarding during Lachman’s, anterior drawer, and valgus stress …

Civil Appeals Mediation Program 2024 Mediation Colloquy: 50 Years Of Building Bridges Through Appellate Mediation

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

On December 17, 2024, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals and its CAMP program hosted Justice Sotomayor to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the establishment of CAMP. During the Colloquy, the 50th Anniversary CAMP documentary video was premiered.

Signs & Symbols, Fall 2025, Illinois State University, Department Of Sociology And Anthropology

Signs & Symbols

Newsletter of the Illinois State University Department of Sociology and Anthropology. An email newsletter version of this document is available at https://web.archive.org/web/20260223203547/https://news.illinoisstate.edu/newsletters/signs-symbols-fall-25/.

Law School Announcements 2025-2026, Law School Announcements Editors

Announcements

• Officers and Faculty
• The Law School - History
• Programs of Instruction
• Curriculum
• Student Activities and Organizations
• Funds and Endowments

Localizing Public Order, Brenner M. Fissell

Faculty Publications

Public order offenses—public intoxication, sleeping outside, etc.—seem trivial, but they have enormous consequences for marginalized populations. These are the offenses that justify coercive police interactions, as well as entry into the procedural morass of the criminal legal system. Accordingly, these offenses have received extensive scholarly attention, with decades of research addressing their vagueness and their impact on urban communities of color. But no work has been done to survey how much of this conduct is criminalized and at what jurisdictional level—city or state.

This Article picks up that task, undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the criminal codes of the fifty …

Detecting Drone Threats At Stadiums And Public Venues: Overview, Operational Considerations, And Technical Implementation, Nathan P. Jones, John P. Sullivan, George W. Davis Jr.

Journal of Strategic Security

This article overviews the issue of drone threats to stadiums and public venues. It provides emergency managers and those defending this critical infrastructure with an overview, operational considerations, and a discussion of the technical implementation for defending these sites from drone threats through detection. It provides a discussion of the current limitations of countermeasures and legal frameworks relevant to drones. Throughout, this article uses real drone detection data from the Astroworld concert incident (November 2021) as a notional case study to illustrate the type of drone detection data emergency managers will contend with and what can be gleaned from it. …

Redbird Scholar, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Fall 2025), Illinois State University, Office Of The Vice President For Research And Graduate Studies

Redbird Scholar

No abstract provided.

Community Firearm Violence And Dental Care Use In Middle Adulthood, Alexander Testa, Luis Mijares, Daniel Semenza, Richard Stansfield, Ian Silver, Dylan B Jackson, Ana Neumann, Jeff R Temple, Rahma Mungia

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Prior research links violence inside the home to reduced dental care utilization, yet little is known about how community firearm violence affects dental care behaviors. The current study used data from wave V (2016-2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), linked to census tract-level fatal and nonfatal shooting data from the American Violence Project for the 100 largest cities in the United States. The analytic sample included 1925 respondents aged 33-42. The primary outcome was self-reported dental care use in the past year. Firearm violence exposure was categorized as 0, 1, or 2 + …

Reasoning From Injustice, Robert L. Tsai

Faculty Scholarship

In a series of lectures at Yale Law School, the Harvard political theorist Judith Shklar critiqued leading models of justice as overly abstract and lacking a realistic account of the social dynamics that perpetuate injustice. In this essay, Professor Tsai builds on Shklar’s account of injustice as a social phenomenon by offering a structural reading of key literary texts that explore the nature of legal injustice—from the Book of Job to Harriett Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Frederick Douglass’s The Heroic Slave. A close reading of these texts permits us to flesh out Shklar’s observations and “give injustice …

Benchmarking Age-Gates, Katharine B. Silbaugh

Faculty Scholarship

This article examines how legal actors—particularly legislators, judges, and attorneys—invoke chronological age to justify the application of legal rules to adolescents. In doing so, they often rely on comparisons to existing “age-gates,” treating these thresholds (such as ages 18 or 21) as self-justifying reference points. Age 18, marking the legal transition from childhood to adulthood, and age 21, the former age of majority and current sales age for certain controlled substances, serve as especially powerful rhetorical anchors in age-based legal reasoning. These anchor points shape how legal actors advocate for or against particular age thresholds, often substituting analogy for substantive …

The Not-So-Silent Side Effects Of Upzoning: Noise Pollution, Mackenzi Barrett

Vanderbilt Law Review

A broad coalition has formed to oppose restrictive zoning laws. According to this coalition, zoning is largely to blame for the current housing crisis facing the United States, and to increase the housing supply, cities across the country should embrace upzoning—that is, loosen zoning laws to allow for greater density. Like many other well-intentioned policy changes, upzoning has the possibility for negative unintended consequences. Among those consequences is noise pollution. In recent decades, noise pollution has gone largely undiscussed in the United States. Notwithstanding this neglect, existing research demonstrates that noise pollution can have serious adverse effects on people’s health …

Localizing Public Order, Brenner M. Fissell

Vanderbilt Law Review

Public order offenses—public intoxication, sleeping outside, etc.—seem trivial, but they have enormous consequences for marginalized populations. These are the offenses that justify coercive police interactions, as well as entry into the procedural morass of the criminal legal system. Accordingly, these offenses have received extensive scholarly attention, with decades of research addressing their vagueness and their impact on urban communities of color. But no work has been done to survey how much of this conduct is criminalized and at what jurisdictional level—city or state. This Article picks up that task, undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the criminal codes of the fifty …

Family Income And Polygenic Scores Are Independently But Not Interactively Associated With Cognitive Performance Among Youth Genetically Similar To European Reference Populations, S E Paul, N M Elsayed, S M C Colbert, R Bogdan, A S Hatoum, D M Barch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cognitive abilities are heritable and influenced by socioeconomic status (SES). It is critical to understand the association between SES and cognition beyond genetic propensity to inform potential benefits of SES-based interventions and to determine if such associations vary across (i) cognitive domains, (ii) facets of SES, and/or (iii) genetic propensity for different aspects of cognition. We examined the contributions of neighborhood socioeconomic advantage, family income, and polygenic scores (PGS) for domains of cognition (i.e., general cognitive ability, executive function, learning and memory, fluid reasoning) in a sample of children (ages 9-10;

Breaking The Chains: Addressing Criminal Records For Sex Trafficking Survivors Through Vacatur Laws, Charlotte Kessinger

Advanced Issues in Criminal Law: Sex Offenses

No abstract provided.

Operating Fund Budget/ Expenditure Summary Report 1st Quarter 2025-26, Csusb Budget Office

University Budget Office records

No abstract provided.

Operating Fund Budget/ Expenditure Summary Report 2025-26, Csusb Budget Office

University Budget Office records

No abstract provided.

Criminal Records As Political Capital: Renegotiating Ex-Convict Labels To Acquire Village Head Positions In East Java, Indonesia, Mochamad Iqbal Jatmiko, Muhamad Supraja

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

Unlike other new democracies, the political system in post-authoritarian Indonesia has recently allowed ex-convicts to run for election. This qualitative case study examines how ex-prisoners serving as village heads in Probolinggo Regency, East Java, discursively reframed their criminal past as informal symbolic capital to win rural political contestations and effectively execute village bureaucratic functions. Contrary to previous analyses highlighting collateral consequences that disqualify ex-criminals’ political prospects, we report that interactive dialogue has successfully turned negative reputations into collectively consented territorial patronage, specifically within crime-prone village contexts. Through persuasive discursive means, this can then be leveraged to mobilize voters’ political support …

Plastic Makes Perfect: An Analysis Of Plastic Surgery As Rehabilitation In Early To Late 20th Century Prison Populations, Jack West

The Ozark Historical Review

As early as 1910, journalists from around the United States reported on the cause-and- effect relationship between a criminal’s physical appearance, their offenses, and the plastic surgeons willing to help them. These surgeons were interested in changing the physical “causes” of criminality to sever the mental roots of crime, inferiority, and anti-social attitude. This paper examines the use of plastic surgery programs as reform in prison through the lens of popular newspaper and journal articles and argues that public perception and reaction revealed in these articles shaped the prison program’s journey from its underground beginning to its eventual demise.

Cruel, As Usual: Application Of The Eighth Amendment To The Use Of Juvenile Criminal Records In Higher Education Admissions, Rabab Alajmi

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

This Note addresses the systemic barrier to societal reintegration faced by juvenile offenders applying to enroll in higher education. Specifically, this Note will examine whether, in light of the Fifth Circuit’s recent Hopkins v. Hosemann decision, Eighth Amendment protections against cruel and unusual punishments should be extended to college applicants with juvenile criminal records who have completed their sentences. This Note argues that the Eighth Amendment reasoning in the Hopkins decision should be applied to higher education institutions who consider an applicant’s juvenile criminal record where the applicant has already completed their sentence. While the Hopkins decision concerned “the …

Cv: Shanon Gillette (Criminal Justice, Public Safety Administration)), Shanon Gillette

Justice, Law, and Public Safety Studies Department Faculty Curricula Vitae

No abstract provided.