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The Impact Of Incarceration On The Risk Of Violent Recidivism, Jennifer E. Copp

Marquette Law Review

Whether incarceration heightens an individual’s likelihood of recidivating is at the center of prison policy discussions. Yet rigorous empirical studies on the nature of the incarceration—recidivism link are limited. As a whole, existing research suggests that the effect of imprisonment, relative to noncustodial sanctions, is either null or slightly criminogenic. These findings call into question the ability of prisons to exert a specific deterrent effect. They also suggest that prisons are failing to address the underlying causes of recidivism among inmate populations. An important consideration, however, is the extent to which the effects of imprisonment are heterogeneous. The current discussion …

เหยื่อจากศัลยกรรมความงามและกระบวนการเยียวยาเหยื่อในประเทศไทย, ศิริรัตน์ พรหมหิตาธร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาเรื่อง "เหยื่อจากศัลยกรรมความงามและกระบวนการเยียวยาเหยื่อในประเทศไทย" นี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาสถานการณ์การตกเป็นเหยื่ออาชญากรรมเกี่ยวกับศัลยกรรมความงาม 2) ศึกษากระบวนการเยียวยาผู้ตกเป็นเหยื่อการทำศัลยกรรมที่เกิดความผิดพลาด และ 3) ศึกษาแนวทางป้องกันและเยียวยาการตกเป็นเหยื่อศัลยกรรมความงาม งานวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ ทำการศึกษารวบรวมข้อมูลจากเอกสารวิชาการและข่าวที่นำเสนอในปี 2558-2562 ที่ปรากฏในสื่อ เก็บข้อมูลโดยวิธีการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกจากผู้ที่ตกเป็นเหยื่อจากการทำศัลยกรรมความงาม ซึ่งผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญ คือ ผู้ที่ได้รับความเสียหาย ญาติและผู้ใกล้ชิดกับผู้ที่ได้รับความเสียหายจากการศัลยกรรมความงามจากหมอกระเป๋าและคลินิกศัลยกรรมความงาม จำนวน 5 คน รวมทั้งผู้เกี่ยวข้องกับกระบวนการเยียวยาผู้เสียหายจากการทำศัลยกรรมที่มีประสบการณ์ในการทำงานไม่น้อยกว่า 5 ปี รวมทั้งหมด 9 คน ในพื้นที่กรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล ผลการศึกษาพบว่า สถานการณ์ความรุนแรงที่ผู้ตกเป็นเหยื่อได้รับผลกระทบที่ปรากฏให้เห็นภายนอกทั้งทางร่างกายและจิตใจตั้งแต่บาดเจ็บเล็กน้อย เสียโฉม พิการและเสียชีวิต อีกทั้งพบว่ารูปแบบการทำศัลยกรรมกับหมอกระเป๋าได้รับความนิยมในกลุ่มสาวประเภทสอง เพราะความต้องการตอบสนองด้านความงาม ต้องการเหมือนผู้หญิง เป็นส่วนสำคัญที่ผลักดันให้ทำศัลยกรรมความงาม ปัจจุบันความนิยมเหล่านี้ขยายวงกว้างในกลุ่มผู้หญิง เกือบทุกช่วงอายุ เนื่องจากอิทธิพลของกระบวนการสร้างอัตลักษณ์โดยใช้สื่อทางสังคม การโฆษณา การรีวิว และการบอกกันแบบปากต่อปาก การเยียวยาผู้ตกเป็นเหยื่อจากการศัลยกรรมความงามพบว่ามีการเยียวยาโดยสังคมผ่านทางสื่อโซเชียลมีเดีย องค์กรต่างๆที่ไม่หวังผลกำไร, การเยียวยาโดยคู่กรณีที่ก่อให้เกิดความเสียหายผ่านกระบวนการไกล่เกลี่ย และการบังคับตามคำพิพากษาของศาล ประกอบกับการเยียวยาโดยภาครัฐผ่านพระราชบัญญัติค่าตอบแทนผู้เสียหายและค่าทดแทนและค่าใช้จ่ายแก่จำเลยในคดีอาญา พ.ศ. 2544 และ การเยียวยาตามพระราชบัญญัติหลักประกันสุขภาพ พ.ศ.2545 ในมาตรา 41 ที่นำหลักการชดเชยความเสียหายโดยไม่ต้องพิสูจน์ความผิดมาใช้ แต่ยังไม่ครอบคลุมความเสียหายจากการทำศัลยกรรมความงาม ข้อเสนอแนะจากงานวิจัยเพื่อเป็นแนวทางป้องกันการตกเป็นเหยื่อศัลยกรรมความงาม คือ ควรเพิ่มช่องทางตรวจสอบใบอนุญาตประกอบกิจการสถานเสริมความงาม, การมีข้อกำหนดเกี่ยวกับคุณลักษณะของแพทย์ที่จะทำศัลยกรรมความงาม, การทำความเข้าใจระหว่างแพทย์และผู้รับบริการถึงขั้นตอนและวิธีการรักษา การผ่าตัด และผลกระทบ, มีการควบคุมข้อความที่ใช้โฆษณาของคลินิกศัลยกรรมให้มีความเหมาะสม, การประชาสัมพันธ์ให้ความรู้แก่ประชาชนถึงผลดีและผลเสียที่อาจเกิดขึ้นภายหลังการทำศัลยกรรมความงาม และการตรวจสอบแพทย์และคลินิกศัลยกรรมความงาม รวมทั้งการผสานการทำงานเชิงรุกของหน่วยงานภาครัฐและมีหน่วยงานกลางกำกับดูแลเฉพาะเรื่องศัลยกรรมความงาม และแนวทางการเยียวยาความเสียหายจากการทำศัลยกรรมความงาม คือ เพิ่มเติมข้อกำหนดในพระราชบัญญัติพระราชบัญญัติหลักประกันสุขภาพ พ.ศ.2545 ในมาตรา 41 ให้มีการชดเชยที่ครอบคลุมความเสียหายจากการทำศัลยกรรมความงาม, จัดให้มีการประกันภัยความรับผิดทางการแพทย์ หรือกองทุนเพื่อเยียวยากรณีเกิดความผิดพลาดจากการทำศัลยกรรมความงาม

Criminal Law As Public Ordering, Alice Ristroph

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Harm, Earth Jurisprudence And Human/Nonhuman Relationships, Tanya Wyatt

Animal Sentience

To prevent the next pandemic and to protect the environment and non-human animals, there needs to be a clear definition of harm and a legal system grounded in Earth Jurisprudence. Drawing on evolutionary principles to redefine harm and to radically alter the legal system to be Earth-centred will help ensure that harmful actions like certain wildlife trade, wildlife trafficking, and intensive farming do not threaten the survival of any life.

Promise Amid Peril: Prea's Efforts To Regulate An End To Prison Rape, Brenda V. Smith

Project on Addressing Prison Rape - Articles

This Article discusses the modest aspirations of the Prison Rape Elimination Act (“PREA”) that passed unanimously in the United States Congress in 2003. The Article posits that PREA created opportunities for holding correctional authorities accountable by creating a baseline for safety and setting more transparent expectations for agencies’ practices for protecting prisoners from sexual abuse. Additionally, the Article posits that PREA enhanced the evolving standards of decency for the Eighth Amendment and articulated clear expectations of correctional authorities to provide sexual safety for people in custody.

Exploring The Challenges Of Reentry Among Female Former Offenders, Crystal B. Mciver

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe incarceration rate of female in the United States is growing faster than the rate of male ex-offenders. This purpose of this generic qualitative study was to understand female ex-offenders’ perceptions of reentry programs. The ecological system theory was used to explore how family support, federal and state financial support, and the economic conditions of the neighborhood ex-offenders were returning to influenced their return to society. Data were collected via semistructured interviews with female ex-offenders who had completed a reentry program and had not recidivated for 1 year. The use of Yin’s 5-step process for data analysis provided the following …

The Effectiveness Of African American Male Faith-Based Juvenile Delinquency, Dewaun C. Martin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The Southeast region of the United States is experiencing an increase in the amount of crime in the African American community particularly among juveniles. Furthermore, the rate of African American juveniles being arrested is higher than arrest rates among other races. This problem reveals the need for reformation and rehabilitation programs to reduce recidivism in the juvenile justice system. Research indicates that juveniles who have attachments to a conventional institution commit fewer delinquent acts. Although attachments to sports and other programs are positively associated with the social bond theory, it was unclear what aspects of the church program might influence …

Individual Experiences Of Criminogenic Youth Participating In Outpatient Treatment, Seth Allen Garcia

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Outpatient treatment programs for low-level criminogenic youth have been shown to positively impact behavioral trends and recidivism rates. By providing juvenile offenders the opportunity to remain in the community while receiving clinical interventions to address their maladaptive behaviors, outpatient therapy enables participating youth to identify their negative decision patterns. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the individual experience of low-level criminogenic youth who successfully completed outpatient treatment. Bandura’s self-efficacy theory was used to frame the study, and audio recordings were collected during semistructured interviews with 8 participants. Subsequently, the recordings were transcribed and the data were coded …

Examining The Criminogenic Effect Of Imprisonment On Drug Offender Recidivism, Tiffany Jean Vedder

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Studies have found criminogenic consequences of imprisonment when testing the deterrence hypothesis, yet few studies were found that examined the magnitude of post release criminal offenses among the drug offender population. The specific deterrence and criminogenic effects of imprisonment were the theoretical frameworks that guided this study of Harris County, Texas, to determine if incarceration predicted serious reoffending among low-level drug offenders. A Journal of Science and Law (Scilaw) archival dataset based on Harris County court records was used to build the sample. Chi-squared test of association and logistic regression statistics were used to analyze a sample of first-time drug …

Strengthening Mental Health Awareness Of University Students Using An Online Training Module, Lavern Rosemarie Bourne

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Canadian youth pursuing postsecondary education are facing a major mental health crisis. There are substantial gaps between the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a web-based mental health educational intervention was an effective tool with which to increase mental health awareness and help-seeking behaviors of university students. The theory of planned behavior, the help-seeking model, and the technology acceptance model were the theories that guided this study. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research design, data were collected from 329 undergraduate students in the Faculty of Health Sciences at a university in Eastern …

Battered Women's Help-Seeking In The Rural Southwestern United States, Celina Gerese Bryant

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many victims of domestic violence who seek help are never able to break the cycle of abuse. Many studies address the stages and types of domestic violence, but few focus on successful recovery from abuse. The purpose of this study was to fill the gap in the literature concerning battered women's help-seeking processes in rural southwestern United States. The specific focus was on how victims and survivors of intimate partner violence seek help for domestic violence issues and whether their help-seeking processes determine successful recovery from domestic violence situations. This study was a qualitative case study based on symbolic interactionism …

Child Welfare Workers' Perceptions Of The Effective Black Parenting Program, Kharmynn M. Bullock

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The child welfare system (CWS) serves around half a million families each year in America. Of those, in Texas, hundreds of thousands of African American families represent the greatest percentages of families in the CWS when compared with their respective numbers in the general population. In 2013, African American children made up about 13.9% of the overall population of children in the United States; however, these children represented close to 26% (or 101,938) African American children in the system with CWS. Child Protective Services (CPS) has various programs and services, including parent education referrals to social services agencies that carry …

Impacting Nonprofit Financial Sustainability And Mission, Jarhal Duncan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nonprofits in the United States have been struggling to maintain financial sustainability and create new pathways to accomplish its mission. The research problem was that there was limited research on leadership strategies for nonprofits to facilitate the balance of achieving the organizational mission and financial sustainability. The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of how current leaders of niche-based nonprofit organizations use strategies to impact financial sustainability and maintain the mission of the nonprofit organization. Building on this understanding can help address this issue. Theoretical frameworks such as Resource Dependence Theory and General Systems Theory help develop …

Social Workers’ Perceptions Of The Impact Of Trauma On Police Officers, Amber Leigh Copeland

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractPolice officers experience trauma in their roles as first responders. Although there are resources to address the psychological and physical impact on police officers, these resources are underutilized. Police officers in active duty endure traumatic events regularly but fail to seek assistance for their physical and mental health symptoms. Officers interact with individuals from multiple disciplines throughout their daily encounters, including social workers. Despite the professional relationship between officers and social workers, some officers remain guarded and minimize their mental health needs. For this project, a focus group was conducted with 9 social workers who have worked with police officers …

Undercover Law Enforcement Operatives’ Perceptions Of Post Critical Incident Mental Health Services, David B. Spinella

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Undercover officers experience unique job-related stressors due to the covert nature and sometimes long duration of their tasks. Undercover officers adopt false identities that involve taking on a personality and lifestyle that the officer might find personally objectionable. If this identity is ever compromised, they and family members are in great danger. Officers are faced with the daily possibility of encountering abrupt and unforeseen traumatic events, such as gang retaliation, terrorism, and other events rarely experienced by civilians. Such events that exceed the range of normal experience are critical incidents, and they may be so overwhelming that they are beyond …

Quantitative Analysis Of Public Perceptions Of Female Sex Offenders, Michael Buckley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Public perception may have formed a consensus belief regarding sex offending. Males have considerably outweighed females with offenses, which may have created a bias against males. This study was a quantitative examination and review of the public's perceptions of female sex offenders (FSOs) as it related to their crimes and differences in sentencing when compared to male sex offenders (MSOs). There may be many reasons why females sexually offend, but there is a lack of understanding of these reasons and how FSOs are viewed by the public and the sentencing by the judicial system. The theoretical framework for the study …

Resources Needed By Transitional Participants For Independent Living, Odell Jonathan Cole

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of resources for youth making the transition from foster care into independent living is a significant issue in the United States. However, this lack of resources may be overcome through successful career pathway programs. The purpose of this case study was to explore which career pathway strategies are useful for an organization attempting to help young people make a transition into independence. During the developmental planning stage of the program, plans were put in place for a program to help young people find guidance in a career field as they learn to live on their own and become …

Preschool Educators’ Perspectives On The Racial Disproportionality In Exclusionary School Discipline, Delesline Miller

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Black preschool students are disproportionately suspended and expelled from school compared to their same age White peers. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of preschool educators in a single county located in a southeastern state to gain insight about the racial disproportionality in school discipline. Critical race theory was used as a framework to further understand educators’ perspectives concerning the influence of race and culture on student discipline and examine educators’ perspectives concerning the contextual factors that contribute to exclusionary school discipline. This was a basic qualitative study with semistructured interviews of 11 preschool educators. Participants …

Community-Based Counselors’ Experiences Counseling Female Adjudicated Youth: A Basic Qualitative Study, Ericka Pinckney

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Licensed professional counselors (LPCs) have encountered difficulties engaging at-risk youth in meaningful treatment. Youth who faced great stress such as abuse, neglect, truancy, family problems, homelessness, and traumatic events have presented with challenging behaviors. Literature suggested adjudicated youth engaged in relational and physical aggression; these behaviors increased the risk for out-of-home placement. Research on community based LPCs’ professional experiences in working with adjudicated female youth is scarce. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore community-based counselors' experiences treating female adjudicated youth. Professional counselors' techniques and strategies were explored. The relational-cultural theory provided the conceptual lens through which …

Black Lives Matter: A Conversation On Health And Criminal Justice Disparities, Franciska Coleman, Aval-Naree S. Green

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

Violence And Mental Health: The Negative Outcomes Of Childhood Maltreatment, Serina Danner

Capstone Showcase

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a phenomenon that impacts many, and has the ability to create lingering negative outcomes for people that experience it. CM comes in various forms. The three discussed throughout this paper are neglect, abuse and poly-victimization (experiencing more than one form of CM). Research has shown that people who experience CM have increased risk of falling into the cycle of violence. The cycle states that experiencing or being exposed to some form of violence as a child makes people more susceptible to perpetrate violence later in life. Research has also shown that someone impacted by CM may …

American Identities And The Consumption Of Japanese Homoerotica, Caitlin Joyce

Capstone Showcase

My thesis is a cross-cultural comparison of the consumption habits of Japanese and American yaoi or boy’s love (BL) fans, with a particular focus on how the motivations for consuming this type of media may differ between each group. Within my literature review, I start with the history of Japanese homoerotica, from Heian era writings and shunga artwork, to how this has evolved into the modern BL industry in Japan. Additionally, I examine where BL media fits into the landscape of both Japanese and global LGBT+ identity politics. Using identity construction and queer feminist theory, I explore how this type …

We Live In A Society: Violence And Radicalization In The Internet Manosphere, Emily Price

Capstone Showcase

In a world of incels, pick-up artists, and other Men’s Rights Activists, friction between the so-called Manosphere and contemporary feminist thought has led to documented violence with regards to American mass shootings. Starting with the violent outbursts of disaffected young men, I will work backwards to the point of contact between the man and the Manosphere. This piece seeks not to draw a connection between radical MRAs and violence – the mass shooters draw that connection themselves in their manifestos by outlining their dissatisfaction with society as it is, and particularly with what they perceive as a politically correct and …

Chapter 79: The Least-Worst Option For Utility Customers In The Aftermath Of Devastating Wildfires, Maddy Orlando

University of the Pacific Law Review

No abstract provided.

Note From The Chief Managing Editor, Dj Mico

University of the Pacific Law Review

No abstract provided.

Introducing The Warren Court’S Criminal Procedure Revolution: A 50-Year Retrospective, Michael Vitiello

University of the Pacific Law Review

No abstract provided.

Warren Court Incrementalism And Indigent Criminal Appellants’ Right To Trial Transcripts

University of the Pacific Law Review

Hannah Bogen** TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO TRANSCRIPTS 673

A. Conditioning the Right on Issue Identification . 675

B. A Transcript or A Substitute for Federal Criminal Appeals? 693

II. CONCLUSION 697

The Bluegrass Reentry Council Strategic Plan, Sydney Geiger

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

The overcrowding of jails and prisons and high recidivism rates are issues America is facing nationwide. Successful reentry into society following incarceration is a solution to this crisis. In response, in 2011, the Kentucky legislature passed House Bill 463 which mandated reentry councils across the state. The purpose of the councils are to address the current issues facing citizens returning from the justice system, develop a network of resources and service providers within their home area, and communicate and advocate for returning citizens by communicating issues to the community and their leaders.1 This analysis will develop a strategic plan for …

Defining, Differentiating, And Describing The Development Of Psychopathy, Kelly Haines

Capstone Showcase

Psychopathy is a popular phenomenon in the media today, with varying research on what the disorder truly entails. Psychopathy is described as a personality disorder that is categorized by antisocial behavior, lack of remorse and empathy, and egotistical traits. There are many similarities found between psychopathy and other similar disorders, such as sociopathy and antisocial personality disorder. ASPD is the clinical diagnosis that psychopathy and sociopathy both fall under. There are many different theories and areas of research taken into account for the development of psychopathy. The nature vs nurture debate has been closely aligned with this subject of research. …