Digital Commons Network^™

Patient, Hospital And State-Level Policy Characteristics Associated With Prevalence Of Treating Opioid Use Disorder In United States Emergency Departments, Rafeek Adeyemi Yusuf

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The opioid crisis in the United States was declared a public health emergency due to escalating and untoward human, financial, and systemic consequences and effects on the nation. Opioid use disorder (OUD) comprising opioid abuse and dependence is devastating because of its associated chronic relapsing nature, overutilization of healthcare services, rising morbidity and mortality rates, and high cost of care. Efforts to address this have not made significant positive impacts. It is thus imperative to reassess the influence of factors associated with OUD. This study answered the question, what patient-, hospital-, and state-level policy factors were associated with prevalence of …

Nebraska's Community-Based Aid Mental Health Services, Lindsey Wylie, Anne M. Hobbs, Juvenile Justice Institute, University Of Nebraska At Omaha

Reports

Evidence-Based Practices Brief #5

Research finds that mental health symptoms are prevalent amongst youths in the juvenile justice system (Teplin et al. 2015), with clinical prevalence rates as high as 70% (Vincent et al., 2008), compared with an estimated 9 to 22% of the general population (Shubert & Mulvey, 2014). Studies have found that the prevalence rates of mental health disorders increases at each juvenile justice system point—with prevalence rates lowest when examining youth at intake (e.g., probation or family court) and becoming greater as we examine later system points, such as diversion (Wylie & Rufino), detention, and post-adjudicatory correctional …

The Lawyer: Spring 2020, Seattle University School Of Law

Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Mhpaea & Marble Cake: Parity & The Forgotten Frame Of Federalism, Taleed El-Sabawi

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

No abstract provided.

Safe Consumption Sites And The Perverse Dynamics Of Federalism In The Aftermath Of The War On Drugs, Deborah Ahrens

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

In this Article, I explore the complicated regulatory and federalism issues posed by creating safe consumption sites for drug users—an effort which would regulate drugs through use of a public health paradigm. This Article details the difficulties that localities pursuing such sites and other non-criminal-law responses have faced as a result of both federal and state interference. It contrasts those difficulties with the carte blanche local and state officials typically receive from federal regulators when creatively adopting new punitive policies to combat drugs. In so doing, this Article identifies systemic asymmetries of federalism that threaten drug policy reform. While traditional …

Csci 380 - Digital Operations And Cybersecurity Management (Syllabus), Eric Spector, Nyc Tech-In-Residence Corps

Open Educational Resources

Syllabus for the course "CSCI 380 - Digital Operations and Cybersecurity Management" delivered at the John Jay COllege in Spring 2020 by Eric Spector as part of the Tech-in-Residence Corps program.

Examining Aspects Of Obama’S Criminal Justice Legacy, Abiodun Raufu

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

This paper is primarily a theoretical discussion of some aspects of the criminal justice legacy of Barack Obama’s two-term presidency and its impact on minorities. The historic 2008 electoral victory of the first black US president was widely expected to usher the dawn of a post-racial America. Instead, race relations worsened. Some critics complained that there was no significant reduction in black-white disparity in probable arrest, court actions and imprisonment during Obama presidency and that whatever he achieved was too little and too late to reform the U.S. criminal justice system. Protagonists however argue that undue expectations failed to take …

Ugandan Prisons: A Reflection On The Need To Develop An Understanding Of Issues That Affect Female Prisoners, Kiconco Milliam

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

t This paper provides a reflection on the need for the prison system in Uganda to develop an understanding of the specific issues that affect female prisoners as a basis for implementing policies and programs that meet their special and unique needs as women. Drawing from vast international literature and few studies from African countries, this paper shows that the need for an understanding of issues that affect female prisoners is based on the fact that the pathway to crime and to prison between female and male prisoners is in most cases different. The paper’s disposition is engendered by two …

Familism And Crime In Nigeria: Exploring Family Conduct And Implication On Expanding New Spaces Of Crime In Akwa Ibom State, Aniekan S. Brown, Uduot Akpan

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

The study investigates the influence of the family on crime in Nigeria, and emphasizes how conformance/non-conformance to family values have induced an expansion on the spaces of crime. Focusing on the Ibibio people of South-South Nigeria, this qualitative survey study adopts the socio-stuctural explanation of crime. Relying on simple percentage for data analysis, emerging data reveal the notion that familism emphasizes loyalty, trust, integrity, unity, progress and defence of family values. It notes that the changing societal attitudes to family values have led to the emergence of new spaces of crime. The paper concludes that police deployment, the resort to …

Import Of Laugher In Police-Suspect Interaction In Ibadan, Nigeria: A Multimodal Analysis, Temitope Michael Ajayi, Temidayo Akinrinlola

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

Studies on police-suspect interaction (PSI) have engaged the textual peculiarities of PSI. Scholarly works on the non-verbal mode of communication in PSI are very scanty. Dearth of studies in this regard has prevented an investigation of the significance of the non-verbal mode as a communicative tool in PSI. This study examines the resourcefulness of laughter as a non-verbal mode in PSI with a view to uncovering the contextual roles of laughter in PSI. The study adopts Norris’ multimodal interaction analysis theory to investigate the motivations behind the deployment of laughter by investigating police officer (IPOs) and suspects during interrogation sessions. …

Resisting Extremist Ideologies: Counterterrorism, Women, And Religious Reform In Morocco, Nabil Ouassini, Anwar Ouassini

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

This paper examines Morocco’s manifest and latent use of women in its counterterrorism strategy. The first section provides an overview of terrorism and counterterrorism in Morocco, with a special focus on the escalation of women’s involvement in Islamic terrorist organizations. The second section examines the restructuring of the Moroccan religious sphere as a gendered response to local, regional, and global processes and discourses surrounding the relationship between Islam and terrorism. The third presents a thematic analysis and argues that Morocco’s gendered counterterrorism strategy is effective in using a localized inclusion of women in religious roles of authority. This strategy offers …

The Courts Encourage It, So We Do It: Police Excessive Force Against Minorities, Christopher Chapman

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

A continuing problem of American criminal justice is the frequency of violence directed against minorities by police. One cause of this is the leniency of courts, especially the Supreme Court, toward police officers accused of using excessive force. This position paper reviews the legal decisions that have granted a large degree of immunity to police in their use of force. It describes three doctrines: Qualified immunity, in which a public official is shielded from a lawsuit unless his/her actions violated a “clearly established” constitutional right; summary judgment, a judicial decision based on paper evidence without testimony; and limitations on respondeat …

Legal Brief: Rape As A Penal Offence In The Nigerian Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015: A Forensic Investigative Approac, Ernest Ogbu

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

The Nigeria Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act prohibits all forms of violence against persons while providing maximum protection and remedies for victims and punishment of offenders. Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 provides for the offence of rape, defines the offence and punishment for offenders. Interesting as the provisions and severe as the punishment may be, successful investigation and prosecution of rapists are predicated upon standard forensic investigative procedures. However, available statistics reveal discrepancies between the cases reported and the number of convictions. Hence, the contention of this paper that the discrepancies is either that these forensic investigative procedures are …

Case Study On Providing Telemental Health Video Counseling Services In A Sober Living Home, Kenneth Ray Taylor

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study is to examine the process and report outcomes of providing telemental health video counseling to men who reside at Providence Home, a sober living facility located in Columbia, South Carolina. This case study is instrumental in design. The South Carolina Telehealth Alliance (SCTA) provided a $20,000 grant jointly, for Bright Side Counseling Center and Midlands Recovery Center to expand telehealth services into underserved populations. An extensive search, at the time of this writing, was conducted and we found no instances of telemental health video counseling services being provided to residents of sober living homes …

From Public Health To Public Wealth: The Case For Economic Justice, Barbara L. Atwell

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This Article examines how we can overlay the principle of serving the common good, which undergirds public health law, onto financial well-being. It suggests that we apply public health law principles to corporate law and culture. In matters of public health, we view quite broadly states' police power to protect the public good. Government is also empowered to protect the general welfare in matters of financial well-being. Using the “general welfare” as a guidepost, this Article challenges the conventional wisdom that corporations exist solely to maximize profit and shareholder value to the exclusion of virtually everything else. It proposes two …

Proposition 187 And The Legacy Of Its Law Enforcement Provisions, Huyen Pham

Faculty Scholarship

Passed by a wide margin of California voters in 1994, Prop. 187 is primarily remembered as a law that tried to deny state-funded health care and education to unauthorized immigrants. Far less attention has been paid to Section Four in Prop. 187 that required all law enforcement agencies (LEAs) in California to “fully cooperate” with federal immigration authorities. Specifically, these provisions required LEAs to verify the legal status of any arrestee “suspected” of being in the U.S. unlawfully, notify the arrestee of his/her unlawful status, and report the arrestee to state and federal immigration authorities.

Though never enforced, Section Four …

The Victimization Of Native American Women In The United States: The Impact And Potential Underlying Factors, Kaci A. Clement

Honors Thesis

In recent decades, a topic of concern that has gained attention in the United States and throughout the world is violence against women. Surveys conducted nationally have found that there is a correlation between which racial group a woman identifies as and her likelihood to be victimized at some point in her life. American Indian/Alaskan Native women, in particular, are impacted by violence at disproportionate rates. However, definitive reasoning for the high rates of violence in these groups has not been fully investigated. There is a lack of surveillance and dissemination regarding this specific topic as well as other issues …

Food In Prison: An Eighth Amendment Violation Or Permissible Punishment?, Natasha M. Clark

Honors Thesis

This piece analyzes aspects such as; Eighth Amendment provisions, penology, case law, privatization and monopoly, and food law, that play into the constitutionality of privatized prisons using food as punishment. Prisoners have protection from excessive bail and fines and from cruel and unusual punishment, as per the 8^th Amendment; however, deprivations such as restricted diets and harm caused by them is only a valid violation if the prisoner can prove deliberate indifference. Privatization of the prison industry has led to reduced quality, choice, and diversity in areas such as food, which comes at a detrimental cost to prisoners. Serving …

Recognizing The Need For Mental Health Reform In The Texas Department Of Criminal Justice, Kara Mchorse

St. Mary's Law Journal

The ways in which mental health care and the criminal justice system interact are in desperate need of reform in Texas. The rate of mental illness in Texas is higher than the current state of mental health care can provide for. While state hospitals were once the primary care facilities of those with mental illness, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) has taken on that role in the last few decades; and when the criminal justice system becomes entangled with mental health care, it often leads to “unmitigated disaster.” If Texas continues to allow the TDCJ to act as …

Annotated Legal Bibliography

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

What Is Remembered, Alice Ristroph

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Valuing Black Lives: A Case For Ending The Death Penalty, Alexis Hoag

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Solitary Confinement As Protective Custody, Arielle Lacroix

Senior Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

Locked Up And Locked Out: True Stories Of Individuals Who Experienced The Intersection Between Homelessness And The Criminal Justice System, Jean Johnson

Senior Honors Projects

JEAN JOHNSON (Criminology & Criminal Justice)

Locked Up and Locked Out: True Stories of the Interlocking Cycle of

Homelessness and the Criminal Justice System

Sponsor: Jill Doerner (Criminology & Criminal Justice, Sociology & Anthropology), Heather Johnson (Writing & Rhetoric)

Key locks work when a key made with teeth is placed into a cylinder with a series of pins and tumblers. If you don’t insert the right key one or more of the pins will remain in the way, preventing the key from turning and the lock will remain closed. According to the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, tens of …

An Exploration Of Preschool Choice With Low-Income Families: The Critical Role Of Positive Attitudes, Behavioral Norms And Control Beliefs, Laurel E. Schmitt

Dissertations

Since the 1960s preschool has been seen as a potential equalizer for children of poverty as they enter kindergarten and long term studies of state and federal preschools have documented positive impacts, especially for low-income students. What has yet to be deeply explored is guardians’ decision-making processes to explain the lack of enrollment even when the stated barriers are eliminated (Obi, 2011; Payne, 1994; Swartz, 1996).

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe and interpret, through a phenomenological lens, how low income parents and guardians made decisions to enroll their child or dependent in a preschool program. I …

Erasing Race, Llezlie L. Green

SMU Law Review Forum

Low-wage workers frequently experience exploitation, including wage theft, at the intersection of their racial identities and their economic vulnerabilities. Scholars, however, rarely consider the role of wage and hour exploitation in broader racial subordination frameworks. This Essay considers the narratives that have informed the detachment of racial justice from the worker exploitation narrative and the distancing of economic justice from the civil rights narrative. It then contends that social movements, like the Fight for $15, can disrupt narrow understandings of low-wage worker exploitation and proffer more nuanced narratives that connect race, economic justice, and civil rights to a broader anti-subordination …

What Can We Expect Of Law And Religion In 2020?, Leslie C. Griffin

SMU Law Review Forum

The United States is in a religion-friendly mood—or at least its three branches of government are. The Supreme Court is turning away from its Free Exercise Clause analysis that currently holds that every religious person must obey the law. At the same time, the Court is rejecting its old Establishment Clause analysis that the government cannot practice or support religion. The old model of separation of church and state is gone, replaced by an ever-growing unity between church and state. This Article examines how much union of church and state this Court might establish.

Recidivism, Gender, And Race: An Analysis Of The Los Angeles County Probation Department’S Risk And Needs Assessment Instruments, Robert V. Howard

Masters Theses

This study assesses the predictive validity of an adult risk need assessment, the Los Angeles Probation Department’s Risk and Needs Assessment Instruments, on 793 clients using several logistic regression models. Models were generated to look for a relationship between risk score and recidivism. This relationship is further explored across gender and race. There are two separate risk assessment instruments used in this study and the sample is separated into two separate groups. The first risk assessment instrument was based on static risk factors such as history of drug or alcohol use, age of first conviction, and conviction history. This assessment …

Resentencing Of Juvenile Lifers: The Philadelphia Experience, Tarika Daftary Kapur, Tina Zottoli

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We examined the Philadelphia District Attorney Office’s approach to juvenile lifer resentencing, which began in 2017 under the administration of District Attorney Seth Williams and has continued under the administration of District Attorney Larry Krasner. For cases resentenced as of December 31st, 2019, we describe similarities and differences between the Williams and Krasner administrations in decision making and sentence length reductions, and we report on the recidivism rate and estimated cost savings for Pennsylvania as a result of release.

Opioid Agonist Therapy During Hospitalization Within The Veterans Health Administration: A Pragmatic Retrospective Cohort Analysis, Kelsey C. Priest, Travis I. Lovejoy, Honora Englander, Sarah Shull, Dennis Mccarty

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Hospitalization of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) is increasing, yet little is known about opioid agonist therapy (OAT: methadone and buprenorphine) administration during admission.

Objective

Describe and examine patient- and hospital-level characteristics associated with OAT receipt during hospitalization in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Participants

A total of 12,407 unique patients, ≥ 18 years old, with an OUD-related ICD-10 diagnosis within 12 months prior to or during index hospitalization in fiscal year 2017 from 109 VHA hospitals in the continental U.S.

Main Measure

OAT received during hospitalization.

Key Results

Few admissions received OAT (n = 1914; 15%) …