Digital Commons Network^™

Improving Adult Sex Offender Rehabilitation With Strength-Based Approaches, Jennifer Kirshenbaum

Bridges: An Undergraduate Journal of Contemporary Connections

New approaches in any field require analysis. In forensic psychology, strength-based approaches are a relatively new approach used with a variety of offenders, but most especially with adult sex offenders. The goal of this literature review is to understand, through the unification of many research papers, how and why strength-based approaches provide more efficient programs and reduced recidivism for this population. While including a statistical background of adult sex offenders in Canada and a history of all the models discussed, the central tenet of this paper is that despite considerable academic debate, RNR and CBT models work well, but they …

A Case Against Bad Math, Peggy Bruner

Journal of Technology Law & Policy

If you google any of one your favorite Tech News blogs, you will likely see at least one of the following phrases on the homepage: “artificial intelligence,” “Machine learning,” or “algorithm.” An algorithm, the basis of this fast-growing area of computer science, is a sequence of instructions telling a computer what to do. Machine learning uses algorithms to “learn” by “minimizing error or maximizing the likelihood of their predictions becoming true.” Artificial Intelligence uses algorithms to perform tasks that would otherwise require human behavior, such as visual or audio recognition. Over the last few years, big data companies like Netflix, …

Isearch Into The Iphone, Kristin Vogl

Journal of Technology Law & Policy

This Note aims to provide insight into the history of the “search” and its adaptation to the modern world of cellular telephones. Although the Fourth Amendment has been the pinnacle of cases for cellular telephones, the Fifth Amendment is emerging in importance as access to the cellular phone advances. The criminal justice system’s issue throughout history has remained clear: how much privacy are citizens willing to lose in order to stay protected?

Total Surveillance, Big Data, And Predictive Crime Technology: Privacy's Perfect Storm, Kevin Miller

Journal of Technology Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

The Unemployment-Crime Relationship In California: A Reexamination At The County-Level, Taylor M. Friedman

Pennsylvania Economic Review

This study investigates the unemployment-crime relationship using a panel of the 58 counties in California from 2015-2019. A regression is estimated using a one-way random effects model to control for unobserved heterogeneity. The dependent variables are categorized into two groups: violent and property crimes. Independent variables are also placed into categories: state expenditures, socioeconomic, demographic, law enforcement, and county. The results indicate that for violent crimes, poverty, Black racial composition, young males aged 14-17, and college educational attainment for people aged 18-24 are positively significant contributors to the crime rate. Population density and college educational attainment for people aged 25+ …

Babe In The Woods: Why The Federal Rules Of Evidence Should Adopt A New Hearsay Exception To Protect Children, Marlee Rowe

Arkansas Law Notes

Child abuse is a public health problem affecting millions of children across the United States. Many states have adopted hearsay exceptions to prevent child victims of abuse from being forced to testify in front of their abusers. However, not all states provide these protections, and the exceptions vary widely from state to state. Because many states draft their rules of evidence to accord with the Federal Rules of Evidence, Congress should enact a hearsay exception on the federal level to promote uniformity and to ensure child victims of abuse are protected from further traumatization, regardless of what state they live …

Managing Arpa State And Local Recovery Funds In The New England States : Year One, Melissa Prosky

Reports

No abstract provided.

Criminal Justice Update - June 2022, Autumn R. Chassie

Criminal Justice Updates

The Criminal Justice Update is a monthly newsletter created by the Adams County Bar Foundation Fellow providing updates in criminal justice policy coming from Pennsylvania's courts and legislature as well as the US Supreme Court.

Contents:

• Updates from PA Governor's Office
• Updates from the PA Legislature
• Updates from the Courts
• U.S. Supreme Court
• PA Supreme Court
• PA Superior Court

The Cpacs Collective June 2022, College Of Public Affairs And Community Service, University Of Nebraska At Omaha

CPACS Newsletters

The College of Public Affairs and Community Service (CPACS) newsletter that reported on the news, collaborations, events, and general happenings of the UNO College of Public Affairs and Community Service. This newsletter has had many names and variations over the years including SPACS Newsletter (1973); Newsletter of the College of Public Affairs and Community Service (1973-1974): Happenings (1974-1980s); and the current e-newsletter titled the CPACS Collective (2021-)

2022 Summer - Schedule Of Classes, Office Of The Registrar, East Tennessee State University

Registration Resources

No abstract provided.

Improvements In Student Achievements Resulting From Equity Lens, Amy Hofer, Phoebe Daurio

OER & Beyond - Blog Archive

The Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) Open Textbooks Pilot Program (OTP) call for proposals in Fall 2020 included a requirement that proposed projects should promote student success. Projects were required to include plans for demonstrating impact on instruction, learning outcomes, and course outcomes, as well as student savings. Open Oregon Educational Resources is sharing our approach to this grant requirement because we believe that it will be relevant and replicable for future grant writers seeking federal OER funding.

Victims As Instruments, Rachel J. Wechsler

Washington Law Review

Crime victims are often instrumentalized within the criminal legal process in furtherance of state prosecutorial interests. This is a particularly salient issue concerning victims of gender-based violence (GBV) because victim testimony is typically considered essential for successful prosecution of these types of crimes. Since the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2004 decision in Crawford v. Washington, courts require declarants to be available for cross-examination on “testimonial” hearsay evidence. Consequently, criminal legal actors are further incentivized to employ highly coercive practices aimed at securing GBV victims’ participation in the criminal legal process as evidentiary tools. These practices include arresting and incarcerating victims …

Defining Sexual Orientation: A Proposal For A New Definition, Andrew Park

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

Laws prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation are becoming more common in all parts of the world. Few of these laws provide useful definitions of the term sexual orientation. As a result, the meaning and impact of these laws remains unclear. This Article reviews past and current definitions of sexual orientation according to how well they incorporate current empirical knowledge of sexual orientation, and how their use in human rights laws impacts the dignity, right to equality, and human development of sexual minorities. The Article gives particular attention to the definition of sexual orientation found in the Yogyakarta Principles which …

Officer-Created Jeopardy And Reasonableness Reform: Rebuttable Presumption Of Unreasonableness Within 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Police Use Of Force Claims, Bryan Borodkin

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Note analyzes the current state of civil law surrounding police use of excessive force, highlighting the evolution of the “objective reasonableness” test employed in civil police use of force lawsuits brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This Note also discusses the role that social movements and surveillance technologies have played in furthering police accountability and shifting public opinion surrounding police use of force. After detailing this social and technological context, this Note addresses the numerous problems presented by the “objective reasonableness” test employed within civil police use of force cases, analyzing this problematic test from the perspective of both …

Patterns Of School Victimization And Problem Behaviors: Longitudinal Associations With Socioeconomic Well-Being And Criminal Justice Involvement, Ryan D. Heath, Kevin Tan, Jennifer S. Guzzy, Briyana R. Henry

Social Work - All Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Middle school victimization and problem behaviors often co-occur, but little is known about patterns of co-occurrence, or how long effects persist into adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: Drawing on general strain theory, this study aimed to identify sex-specific profiles of victimization and problem behaviors during middle school, and their association with socioeconomic, violence, and criminal justice outcomes in young adulthood.

METHODS: Latent class analyses was conducted on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth - 1997, including subsamples of seventh grade females (n=529) and males (n=494).

RESULTS: Two classes were identified for females: (1) low-risk and (2) high-risk; these classes were …

Racial Trauma In Civil Rights Representation, Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Anthony V. Alfieri

Faculty Scholarship

Narratives of trauma told by clients and communities of color have inspired an increasing number of civil rights and antiracist lawyers and academics to call for more trauma-informed training for law students and lawyers. These advocates have argued not only for greater trauma-sensitive practices and trauma-centered interventions on behalf of adversely impacted individuals and groups but also for greater awareness of the risks of secondary or vicarious trauma for lawyers who represent traumatized clients and communities. In this Article, we join this chorus of attorneys and academics. Harnessing the recent civil rights case of P.P. v. Compton Unified School District …

The Trends And Patterns Of Crime In Ghana: The Case Of Robbery, Joseph Appiahene-Gyamfi

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

The study utilized the official police data that included the robbery incident addresses/spots to explore the incidence, volume, trends, and patterns of robbery in Ghana from 2014 to 2017. There were 5696 robbery cases of which the highest, 1772 cases, were recorded in 2017, and the lowest cases, 1116 recorded in 2014 reported to the police during this period. The daily average robberies were 3 cases in 2014, 4 cases each in 2015 and 2016, and 5 cases in 2017. The robbery per 100,000 of population in 2014 was 4.1 persons. In 2015, the rate was 5 persons, in 2016 …

Ideal Design For Emergence Of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, And Community Health Engagement Using Systems Thinking, Sung-Won Paek

Full-Text Theses & Dissertations

Diversity, equity, inclusion, and community health engagement (DEICHE) are complex contextual elements with interactions and interdependencies that make their emergence and sustainability in a community a significant challenge. This dissertation examines this argument by exploring the impact of Einstein Healthcare Network initiatives that sought to address social determinants of health in the Philadelphia Korean community. It applies systems thinking to understand these complex issues, and design thinking to generate an ideal concept for the emergence and sustainability of diversity, equity, inclusion, and community health engagement for the Philadelphia Korean community as a model for multicultural society in the greater Philadelphia …

“Black First, Children Second”: Why Juvenile Life Without Parole Violates The Equal Protection Clause, Avery Katz

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

The United States is the only country in the world that allows imposition of juvenile life without parole (LWOP) sentences. This sentencing scheme was born out of the 1990’s “tough on crime” era, when society held the belief that juvenile offenders were “super-predators” and should face adult time for adult crimes. Throughout the years, the Supreme Court has faced numerous cases regarding juvenile LWOP, leading to its 2021 Jones v. Mississippi decision, holding that juveniles may be sentenced to LWOP so long as “youthful qualities,” such as immaturity, recklessness, susceptibility to negative influence, are first considered in sentencing. Today, the …

Academic Year: 2021-2022, The Mendik Library

Mendik Library: By the Numbers

No abstract provided.

Precedents Ignored: Erroneous Applications Of Due Process Precedents Lead To Unjust Consequences For Pretrial Detainees And A Lack Of Accountability For Jailers—Whitney V. City Of St. Louis, 887 F.3d 857 (8th Cir. 2018)., Deena Keilany

Nebraska Law Review

Mass incarceration has led to the confinement of 2.3 million individuals in the United States,despite a steady decline in crime rates since the 1990s.An already strained carceral system,now operating against the backdrop of a nation reeling from the global COVID-19 pandemic,has experienced an influx of detainees as demonstrators are periodically arrested for protesting the very institutions that are sending them to jail.As demonstrators are arrested and detained, often for minor offenses, many people who have not been touched by the criminal justice system before are getting a glimpse at detention facility conditions.Mass arrests and the impacts of COVID-19 on the …

The New Qualified Immunity Quandary, Justin C. Van Orsdol

Nebraska Law Review

With increased media coverage of excessive force cases, we may someday achieve meaningful reform of the qualified immunity doctrine. But with Congress’s inability to accomplish major legislation in the current political climate, it is doubtful that qualified immunity will be reformed, much less abolished, anytime in the near future. Unless—or until—Congress figures out a way to meaningfully reform qualified immunity, we are left with the patchwork of decisions from the federal appellate courts. Qualified immunity cases and scholarship are riddled with wildly varying approaches to what constitutes “clearly established law” and whether courts should return the mandatory sequencing in Saucier …

Voiding The Federal Analogue Act, Andrew Fels

Nebraska Law Review

"Accordingly, [King Rex] announced to his subjects that he had written out a code and would henceforth be governed by it in deciding cases, but that for an indefinite future the contents of the code would remain an official state secret, known only to him and his scrivener. To Rex’s surprise this sensible plan was deeply resented by his subjects. They declared it was very unpleasant to have one’s case decided by rules when there was no way of knowing what those rules were."--LON L. FULLER, THE MORALITY OF LAW

If the Federal Analogue Act (Analog Act) is to be …

Valuing The Local Within The Global: A Discourse Analysis Of Professional Development In A U.S.-Kurdish Transnational University Partnership, Thomas A. Highley, Connie Kendall Theado

Journal of Global Education and Research

In an effort to support higher education in developing countries, partnerships between U.S. and international universities have surged, raising questions concerning the social equity of such linkages. Using a New Literacy Studies approach to discourse analysis, online transcripts from one such university partnership were analyzed to determine how language was used to negotiate a more equitable partnership through the adaptation of the social context of professional development activities. Discourse analysis of three relevant linguistic markers in the data suggests that cultural perspectives on professional development influenced the language choices made by university partners, reshaping the power structure toward greater social …

"A Conceptual Framework For Measuring Criminal Justice Success In Responding To Violence Against Women Act (Vawa) Crimes: Final Results And Recommendations", Sarah Goan, Kris Lugo-Graulich, Susy Hawes, Hannah Brintlinger Mph, Susan Smith Howley

Publications

The Office on Violence Against Women (OVW), established under the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, leads national efforts to prevent and respond to domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking through 19 grant programs that strengthen victim services and enhance offender accountability. These programs include four formula grants distributed to states and fifteen discretionary programs for which OVW defines eligibility, goals, and deliverables. Grantees submit biannual progress reports containing quantitative and qualitative data that are later compiled into biennial Reports to Congress. While these reports effectively capture outputs such as numbers of victims served, trainings conducted, and partnerships …

Suspect Development Systems: Databasing Marginality And Enforcing Discipline, Rashida Richardson, Amba Kak

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Algorithmic accountability law—focused on the regulation of data-driven systems like artificial intelligence (AI) or automated decision-making (ADM) tools—is the subject of lively policy debates, heated advocacy, and mainstream media attention. Concerns have moved beyond data protection and individual due process to encompass a broader range of group-level harms such as discrimination and modes of democratic participation. While a welcome and long overdue shift, the current discourse ignores systems like databases, which are viewed as technically “rudimentary” and often siloed from regulatory scrutiny and public attention. Additionally, burgeoning regulatory proposals like algorithmic impact assessments are not structured to surface important –yet …

Class Of 2022 Achievements Celebrated At Pre-Commencement, Benjamin N. Cardozo School Of Law

Cardozo News 2022

Congratulations to the Class of 2022 Award Winners, who were given their honors at a special ceremony at Cardozo on May 31, preceding Commencement.

Creating Safe Schools: An Exploratory Study Of Educator Perspective On Student Behavior And Restorative Practices In Schools Implementation, Rachel Danielle Vargas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Restorative practices in schools (RPS) is an Integrated Student Support process that many U.S. K-12 schools utilize to combat student behavior and racial disparities against students. Initial research suggests that RPS is a successful tool to drop suspension rates, create safe school environments, and help students stay engaged in school. However, there is not sufficient empirical evidence to support a successful implementation model, leading to mixed results and opinions about the effectiveness of RPS. The purpose of this study was to explore the program processes of RPS and determine effective implementation strategies that lead to successful student outcomes. Data were …

Adaptation Program: Systemic Treatment Of Incarcerated Individuals And Their Families, Katrina Arabyan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of the Adaptation program is to support families impacted by incarceration. It is a family-based therapeutic program implemented within a correctional facility. Adaptation utilizes Structural Family Therapy (SFT) to focus on creating systemic change by addressing the rules, roles and behavior patterns of incarcerated individuals and their families. Barriers to family member attendance are addressed via the use of telehealth.

Introduction To Infant Early Childhood Mental Health And Trauma Training Program, Irene Rosaly Cortez

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This program aims to understand the lack of infant-early childhood trauma-informed care training for mental health clinicians. The current efforts to enhance mental health clinicians’ therapeutic knowledge and awareness through the development of the CCCT with the emphasis on trauma-informed care show significance to treat infant-early childhood trauma. Due to children’s susceptibility to trauma and developmental vulnerability, if trauma remains unaddressed, there are long lasting negative effects throughout their adulthood, as shown through the ACE’s study. Furthermore, the program’s theoretical framework encompasses Attachment Theory with the integration of the Theory of Neuroscience, Bowen family systems theory, Reflective Practice Model, and …