Digital Commons Network^™

How Gender-Biased Oral Argument Interruptions Opened The Door For Chief Justice Roberts To Be A Transformational Leader, Christina L. Boyd, Sidney E. Shank

Scholarship@WashULaw

In a 2021 NYU Law School conversation with Justice Sonia Sotomayor, the Justice was asked whether she observed higher levels of interruptions of female Justices, relative to their male colleagues, during the Supreme Court’s oral arguments. Justice Sotomayor responded in the affirmative:

“Did I notice it as a dynamic? Without question . . . but I don’t know of a woman who hasn’t. Meaning, regrettably, that is a dynamic that exists not just on the court but in our society in general. Most of the time, women say things, and they’re not heard in the same way [as] men [who] …

Sentence Length And Perceptions Of Dangerousness As A Function Of Race, Attributional Complexity, And Ability To Meet Bail, Hannah Baldwin

Psychology Theses

Defendant race and ethnicity impact sentencing length decisions, leading to discrimination in the criminal justice system. Aspects of the pretrial process that strongly correlate with a defendant’s socioeconomic status, the use of cash bail, may also influence sentencing length, given the negative stereotypes about individuals of lower socioeconomic statuses. Relatively few studies have explored the impact of cash bail use on sentencing decisions or sought to understand why use of cash bail might influence these decisions. The current study investigates the impact of defendant ability to meet bail (yes v. no) on judgments of sentence length and dangerousness within the …

Lusting After God : Sexual Struggle As A Catalyst For Spiritual Intimacy And Healing, David L. Janvier

ATS Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Kurds, Turkey, And Strasbourg: Failure To Find And Remedy Discrimination Amid A Century-Old Mountain Of Evidence, Samuel I. Horowitz

Emory International Law Review Recent Developments

No abstract provided.

Variation In Ohio Police Response To Mental Health Crises, Brett Dietrich

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The following paper aims to identify and explain variation in Ohio police department methods of response to calls for service (CFS) involving mental health crises. Police response to mentally ill or disturbed individuals has become a topic of increased discussion in recent decades. Communities have attempted to bring reform to this area with alternative solutions, including specially trained police officers, co-response with social workers, or community-based response teams. Geographic and demographic factors such as police department size, population served, and availability of mental health resources impact how communities and police departments approach this issue. This paper consists of a literature …

Cultivating Sense: Cultural Change In The Prosecutor's Office, Shih-Chun Steven Chien

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

Prosecutors exercise broad discretion. They are widely viewed as the gatekeepers of the criminal justice system. To date, studies on prosecutors in different jurisdictions have largely focused on how to conceptualize, manage, and eventually control the exercise of prosecutorial discretion. Scholars have recently turned their attention to the importance of internal organizational management and leadership’s role in changing office culture as a means to regulate prosecutorial discretion. But we have limited empirical evidence as to how changes occur within a prosecutor’s office and what precise role organizational leaders play during this process. This Article constructs a new paradigm for the …

Benchmarks For Reducing Civilian Harm In Armed Conflict: Learning Feasible Lessons About Systemic Change, Peter Marguiles

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

No abstract provided.

Corporate Fiduciary Duty In The Age Of Algorithms, Alfred R. Cowger Jr.

Journal of Law, Technology, & the Internet

The Age of Algorithms will soon have a seismic impact on fiduciary law and thus, on the fiduciary duty of directors and officers. On one hand, corporate fiduciaries will have access to Artificial Intelligence-based tools which may make their jobs more efficient, more accurate, and more effective. As a result, fulfilling fiduciary duties will be easier, and the use of these tools may significantly lower the exposure of corporate fiduciaries to claims of breaching fiduciary duties. However, artificial intelligence (AI) may be a double-edged sword because those attractive tools will create new standards corporate fiduciaries must meet to fulfill their …

Indian Policing: Agents Of Assimilation, Kekek Jason Stark

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

Factors That Influence Jury Verdicts In Police Use Of Force Cases, Christopher M. Bellas

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of The Risk Of Relapse Screening Tool Within Substance Use Populations, Jacob Dugard

OTD DEx Reports - College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

"Occupational therapy aims to promote healthy lifestyles and informed decision-making across a diverse range of individuals. Originally titled the Risk of Opioid Overdose Screening Tool, the Risk of Relapse Screening Tool (RORST) was developed to be more inclusive and relevant to various substance users beyond opioids. The RORST questionnaire was constructed based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change, allowing for personalized interventions corresponding to an individual's readiness to modify behavior. The present situation highlights an unmet need for successful community transition for individuals with substance use disorders due to a lack of education and communal resources. The RORST was administered …

Addressing Gaps In Trauma-Informed Care Education For Foster Parents With An Occupational Therapy Lens, Jessica Dressel

OTD DEx Reports - College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

"Three foster care parent training courses currently in place at the facility for this Doctoral Experiential (DEx) Capstone site were reviewed for gaps in terms of trauma-informed care (TIC), an effective, research-based approach for understanding and treating trauma (Beyerlein & Bloch, 2014; Duffee et al., 2021; Fratto, 2016). The community partner site was the Connecticut Alliance of Foster and Adoptive Families (CAFAF). One current training module and two new workshops from CAFAF’s annual foster care parent conference were reviewed for the presence of TIC principles via a content analysis and surveys. These research tools were developed utilizing six core principles …

The Conditions Of Oregon's Latinx Farmworkers, Kevin Alejandrez

Theses and Dissertations--Sociology

The goal of this three-paper dissertation is to better understand inequalities that Latinx farmworkers endure and the ways through which these inequalities can be addressed. As such, this dissertation examines pertinent inequalities Latinx farmworkers experience in the United States, their responses to resulting hardships, and the effects that crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic have in both exacerbating hardship and expanding opportunities to challenge inequitable systems in place. This is done through an intersectional analysis of a multi-year ethnographic study conducted in Oregon’s Willamette Valley.

First, paper one, titled, “Subordinate Adaptation: Intragroup Hierarchies Among Blueberry Pickers,” explores the ways in …

A Confluence Of Identity, Skepticism, And Acculturation: A Grounded Theory Study On Voter Engagement Among Registered Latin American Immigrant Voters, Oscar De Tuya

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

One of the most important characteristics of a democracy is the ability of its citizens to directly elect many of their government representatives. Unfortunately, since only citizens are traditionally eligible to vote in the United States, the group of voters that ultimately influences government is smaller than the overall population. That excludes immigrants from full participation in government and contributes to conflict, which can be analyzed through various theoretical lenses, such as structural violence, basic human needs theory, and social cohesion. These realities underscore the importance of elections and of ensuring that an engaged and informed electorate is active in …

Underrepresentation Of Black Participants In Drug Court: Reasons Reported For Non-Admission In Six Jurisdictions, Kathryn J. Genthon

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the beneficial impacts of drug court participation, access to these programs may not be equitable across racial groups. The reasons behind racial disparities in access to these programs are not well-documented in the current literature. This study investigates disparities in access to drug court and the possible reasons they occur. Chi-square tests are used to assess for disparities in admissions between Black and White individuals referred to drug court. Additional statistical analyses addressed the association of sex and age with admission to provide a broader picture of the impact of a variety of demographic characteristics on admission to drug …

Criminology And Criminal Justice Ba, Sociology, Anthropology, & Criminology

Program Revisions/Additions

No abstract provided.

Criminology And Criminal Justice Minor, Sociology, Anthropology, & Criminology

Program Revisions/Additions

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program, 2023, Cuny John Jay College Of Criminal Justice

Reports and Publications from John Jay College

Commencement Programs are handed out at each graduation. They include information on honorary degrees, awards and prizes and candidates for degree. However, they cannot be considered an official record of conferring of degrees.

Assessment Of The Acidified Hydrogen Peroxide Method On Uncontrolled Fired Cartridge Case Samples, Kylie S. Richardson

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

The use of fingerprints to identify individuals in forensic cases has been useful for many years due to the persistence and individuality of the prints. In addition, the presence of firearms in forensic casework is steadily increasing over the years. This study aims to expand upon prior research in the development and recovery of latent prints on fired, brass ammunition using an acidified hydrogen peroxide method. Although latent prints are left on the cartridge casing of ammunition during the handling and loading of ammunition into the firearm, it is hypothesized that the pressure within the barrel of the firearm during …

Evaluation Of The Age Of Evidence In Mock Biological Touch Evidence Samples, Emma P. Hirst

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

As more sensitive DNA profiling techniques have been developed, questions about how and when the DNA was deposited have become a driving issue in forensic casework. Image flow cytometry (IFC) offers a way to estimate the time since deposition (TSD) of trace DNA samples based on individual cells' morphological and autofluorescence properties. Previous work has shown that a TSD can be determined from a single contributor in touch samples. To determine if TSD could be correctly estimated for mixtures containing a fresh deposit (less than a week old) and an older deposit, this project characterized a series of samples that …

Determination Of The Trace Elemental Signature Of Drywall Dust And Its Implication As Forensic Evidence, Emilee Holmes

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

Drywall is found in most homes built in the United States of America because it is cost effective, light weight, and easy to install. Its brittle nature makes it less resistant to impact which can cause dust to form if a force is exerted on it. Airborne dust can settle on anything or anyone around it and can be considered trace evidence for its ability to connect suspects, victims, and scenes; however, this type of dust is not emphasized as trace evidence and is not always collected due to a lack of understanding of their forensic signatures.The seven producers of …

The Fight To Be Seen: Black Girls And Discipline, Victoria Marie Strickland

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

The impact of zero-tolerance, exclusionary discipline, and the school-to-prison pipeline has become increasingly present in research in recent years. Studies centered around zero-tolerance, exclusion, and the school-to-prison pipeline have made the focus of the study boys of color, specifically Black boys. These studies have contributed to the amount of awareness that schools, parents, and the public have about the effects of the unfair punishment practices. However, Black girls have been invisible, criminalized in educational settings, and are at a great risk of encountering the criminal justice system. Over the recent decades, Black girls experience exclusionary discipline almost six times more …

Psychology And Criminology Students' Attribution Of Factors Contributing To Criminal Behaviors, Ava Marie Leahy

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the attribution of contributing factors to criminal behaviors between psychology and criminology majors. To gauge participant perception, a carefully crafted vignette was presented to participants accompanied by questions asking participants to what extent eight variables (conformation to labels, hostile attribution bias, rational choice based on circumstances, poor attachments, mental illness, upbringing, insufficient deterrence, and learned behavior through observation) contributed to the perpetrator’s criminal behavior and for participants to rank-order these same variables from the largest contributors to the least. Participants were also asked to provide a sentencing recommendation for …

Depoliticizing Federal Prosecution, Bruce Green, Rebecca Roiphe

Articles & Chapters

There is broad agreement that federal prosecutors should not use their power to pursue partisan political objectives, but there is stark disagreement about how to prevent them from abusing their power in this way. Geoffrey Berman, a former United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, recently argued that U.S. Attorneys should have complete autonomy and independence from the Attorney General and administration. Attorney General Bill Barr, in contrast, has insisted that Attorneys General should have full control over prosecutors so the administration can be held politically accountable. Neither view fully addresses the problem. Barr minimizes the significant …

Establishing A Framework For The Ethical And Legal Use Of Web Scrapers By Cybercrime And Cybersecurity Researchers: Learnings From A Systematic Review Of Australian Research, Katie Logos, Russell Brewer, Colette Langos, Bryce Westlake

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The Internet has become an increasingly attractive location for collecting data about cyber threats, driven by the abundance of quality data available and accessible online. As such, researchers and practitioners have turned to automated data collection technologies (ADCT), including ‘web crawlers’ and ‘web scrapers’, to study these threats. The rapid proliferation of ADCT has meant directions for their ethical and legal operation have been slow to adapt, with no clear guidelines regulating their use for research. This article identifies the relevant ethical and legal frameworks guiding the deployment of ADCT in Australia for cybersecurity research. This is accomplished through a …

Time To Heal: Trauma's Impact On Rape & Sexual Assault Statutes Of Limitations, Fredrick E. Vars, Jillian Miller Purdue

Articles

Short statutes of limitations for sex crimes ask the impossible of many vic- tims: report the crime before they have recovered from the trauma. Perpetra- tors go free as a direct result of the injury they caused. Nearly a third of victims of rape and sexual assaulthave PTSD during their lifetimes. PTSD is associated with three symptoms pertinent to reporting a crime: avoidance cop- ing (avoidingdistressing thoughts, feelings, or reminders of the attack), disso- ciative amnesia (forgetting important or all aspects of the attack), and depression. These symptoms all affect a victim's psychological ability to report a crime before a …

Enforcing Equity Joyce A. Hughes: A Celebration, Daiquiri J. Steele

Articles

No abstract provided.

'Ice In The Family': Exploring The Experiences Of Close Family Members When Another Family Member Is Using Methamphetamine: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study, Douglas Greg Gordon, Kylie Russell, Tracey Coventry

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: To explore the experiences of close family members when another family member is using methamphetamine and how the family member responds over time.

Background: Methamphetamine use has widespread implications and harms for both people who use the drug and those that live with them. While there is a significant representation in the literature relating to family members of people who use drugs or alcohol, there are limited studies specifically considering family members experiences of methamphetamine use. Families have been shown to have both positive and negative impacts on people using drugs, but less is known on the impact on …

Chatting With Confidence: A Review On The Impact Of User Interface, Trust, And User Experience In Chatbots, And A Proposal Of A Redesigned Prototype, Arin Tamimi

Computer Science

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more prevalent in our daily lives, trust has become a critical issue in ensuring that AI systems are reliable, ethical, and beneficial to society. This paper explores the role of user experience (UX) in shaping users' trust in chat AI. Chat AI has become increasingly popular as a communication tool, but users often struggle with trusting the technology. The paper examines how different design elements, such as conversational style, interface, and feedback mechanisms, affect users' perception of trust in chat AI by analyzing previous literature written in this area. Research demonstrates that UX plays a …

Tennessee Student Fees Report 2021-22, Tennessee. Higher Education Commission.

Tennessee Student Fees Report

No abstract provided.