Digital Commons Network^™

Addressing Adverse Effects On Children Living In Poverty In Trumbull County, Ohio, Kaitlin Spitak

Selected Social Change Portfolios in Prevention, Intervention, and Consultation

Goal Statement: The goal of this social change portfolio is to prevent adverse outcomes for children and adolescents living in poverty in Trumbull County, Ohio. Significant Findings: Trumbull County, Ohio, has an alarming percentage of youth under 18 years old living in poverty. According to the US Census Bureau (n.d.), the current rate is 28.9% and has risen since 2015 (Data USA, n.d.). Black youth are disproportionally affected by poverty, with rates in Trumbull County of 67% (County Health Rankings & Roadmaps, n.d.; Hodgkinson et al., 2017). Youth living in poverty are at risk for developmental delays, adverse experiences, chronic …

Examining The Experiences Of Dei Practitioners: A Look At The Racial Disparity In Policing Of Black People And The Subsequent Need For Adaptive Leadership, Lashawn Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

For centuries, Black people in the U.S. have had to navigate structural and institutional racism. This is especially true for the system of policing, which evolved from pre-emancipation slave patrols. Though law enforcement agencies have made strides in the past 160 years, Black people continue to be targeted and killed by police at a disproportionate rate. Evidence shows that DEI training initiatives within policing often fail to reduce this racial disparity that exists in policing. Yet, improved training outcomes surrounding racial relations continues to be a priority. The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to examine the experiences of …

Not At The Expense Of Me: Best Practices For Black Women Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, And Social Justice Practitioners In Higher Education, Brittney Michelle Elese Fink

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative research paper investigated the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and the year 2020 in sparking a phenomenon of hiring chief diversity officers (CDOs) in higher education. By exploring the interplay between the pandemic, racial justice movements, evolving higher education landscape, and institutional accountability, this study aimed to understand the motivations behind the increased hiring of CDOs during this transformative period. Additionally, this research examined the specific effects of this phenomenon on Black women diversity, equity, inclusion and social justice (DEI&J) professionals in higher education. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the opportunities and challenges faced by …

The Connection Between Mental Illness And Prisoner Recidivism: A Study Of The Self-Perceptions And Perspectives Of Mentally Impaired Low-Level Non-Violent Male Exoffenders, Sammie L. Stinson

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the connection between mental illness and prisoner recidivism in California and Los Angeles County. As the literature review discloses, there are various theories that claim to explain why mentally impaired offenders are reincarcerated for breaking the law after they are released. This dissertation presents five research questions based on the literature review and theoretical framework and collected survey and interview data from a sample of 30, self-reported, mentally impaired ex-offenders. The research questions and theoretical framework is intended to provide the reader with an assessment of the viewpoints of the mentally impaired survey participants regarding the connection …

Understanding Resilience With Chinese Emerging Adults Who Had Early Relational Trauma: An Integrative Systematic Review, Yuen Wu

Theses and Dissertations

This integrative systematic review aimed to enhance understanding of resilience among Chinese emerging adults with early relational trauma by synthesizing available information on how culture is incorporated into the conceptualization, measurement, and interpretation of resilience in the current body of literature. By utilizing a qualitative content analysis approach, the researcher identified main ways in which resilience was conceptualized, assessment tools used to assess, and culturally-specific elements in conceptualizing and understanding resilience. Analysis results indicated the static way of conceptualization was most common among other ways of conceptualizing. Results also revealed that the majority of literature incorporated culture in their conceptualizations …

Changing The Narrative: A Phenomenological Study On The Support And Practices Black Males Received For The Successful Completion Of Urban Area High Schools In Los Angeles County, Victoria Lynn Waters

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to describe the support and practices Black Males received to graduate high school successfully. This study is important because it details the challenges and experiences that young Black males who reside in urban areas and attend school in Los Angeles County describes the factors needed to meet academic success and graduate high school and understanding why graduation rates for Black males are low, to learn what can be done to increase the graduation rates for Black Males. The study produced four conclusions:

1. Black Role Models and mentors on campus elevated student’s …

Hasta La Raíz: An Exploration Of Latinidad In Venture Capital, Mariela Salas

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the multifaceted experiences and career management strategies of Latinos/as in the venture capital industry, an area marked by significant underrepresentation. This study aims to illuminate the unique challenges and strategies of Latino/a investors. Drawing on literature from identity formation, Latinidad, diversity and inclusion, and career management, this research addresses the gap in academic literature regarding the lived experiences of Latinos/as in venture capital. The study utilizes 18 narrative interviews with active Latino/a investors of diverse backgrounds and varying experience levels to develop a conceptual framework. This framework highlights the constructed identity of the venture capital investor through …

Trauma Across Culture: A Phenomenological Study Exploring The Historical Effect Of Colonialism, Genocide, And Resilience On Descendants Of Indigenous Peoples In The United States, Monique Lumas-Wright

Theses and Dissertations

Throughout history, massive killings have gravely affected the succession of cultures, and the impact of its traumatization is vast. The centuries-long enslavement of African Americans, the ethnocide of Native American/Alaskan Natives, and the genocide of European Jews represent some of the most horrific catastrophes of human history through the destruction of identity, culture, language, and religion. The destabilization of these distinct groups and the extreme violence experienced by historical injustices have resulted in cultural, mental, emotional, and physical obstructions with profound economic, psychological, and health impacts encompassing both the wounds inflicted by oppression and resilience. The literature review examined the …

Social Capital: The Link Between State Political Culture And Civic And Political Participation, Austin Marie Conner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Systemic racism inhibits African Americans’ civic and political participation, yet the scholarship on this topic is scarce and examines Black behavior as homogenous. This study utilizes Putnam’s social capital theory and Elazar’s state political culture typology to identify social and regional distinctions in African American civic and political behavior. Both social capital and state political culture have been linked to civic and political participation, however, not much is known about how these two constructs specifically influence African American civic and political behavior. Utilizing data from the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey, this study conducts five logistic regression models to examine …

Squatters Squabbles: The Use Of Mediation To Provide Beneficial Solutions To Adverse Possession Claims In New Jersey, Bayla Zohn

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

In our society, law is a complex and ever-evolving field, constantly adapting to fit our needs. Yet, there are certain legal matters we would expect to have clear and obvious resolutions. Property ownership should be simple and unambiguous, governed by "established legal rules and precepts." Examine a deed, survey the stated legal owner of the tract of land, and your answer should be uncomplicated. Yet, there are a multitude of complex laws that allow individuals to obtain legal ownership of land in a seemingly illicit fashion.

Literature Unbound: Black Carceral Consciousness From 1965 – 1975, Allan L. Ford

Wayne State University Dissertations

Genre has the capacity to help readers my closely understand certain writings; however, strict reliance on genre alone can cloud or betray the author's intentions. This is especially true when the author is imprisoned. From autobiographic writings by Huey Newton and Rubin Carter, to the collected letters and essays of Angela Davis, George Jackson, and Eldridge Cleaver, to certain works of poetry by Ericka Huggins and Etheridge Knight, a certain expression of humanity is alive in their words. I use a method of analysis for these works called Black carceral consciousness to perform close readings of these works in an …

Taiwan's Medical Injury Law In Action, Chih-Ming Liang, Robert B Leflar, Chih-Cheng Wu

Emory International Law Review

Taiwan’s healthcare system, lauded internationally for its universal insurance coverage, moderate costs, and high quality of care, has one significant group of detractors: its physicians. Overworked, squeezed financially by the nation’s global budgeting system’s annual payment restrictions, and oppressed by both criminal prosecutions and civil malpractice actions, doctors and hospitals raised criticisms that culminated in legislative reforms enacted in 2017 and 2022. Are the reforms making any difference?

This Article offers the first comprehensive examination in English of how Taiwan’s medical injury law works. The Article is based on interviews with judges, attorneys, physicians, scholars, and other citizens, literature reviews, …

Nonfatal Strangulation And Intimate Partner Violence Decision Tree Protocol, Joy Martin

Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses

AbstractNonfatal Strangulation and Intimate Partner Violence Decision Tree Protocol Problem and Context Nonfatal strangulation (NFS) is the ultimate form of power and control in intimate partner violence (IPV). Native American women are at an increased risk of intimate partner violence. Symptoms of strangulation are frequently missed by first responders. Victims often decline medical examination. Victims of nonfatal strangulation can have significant long term complications and increased morbidity throughout their lives. Intervention or Innovation This project provided educational training sessions to first responders within a Native American community in the Southwestern United States to increase knowledge and comfort when responding to …

Racial Bias, Accomplice Liability, And The Felony Murder Rule: A National Empirical Study, G. Ben Cohen, Justin D. Levinson, Koichi Hioki

Akron Law Faculty Publications

Two long criticized prosecutorial tools—the felony murder rule and the accomplice liability doctrine—play an outsized role in the operation of American homicide law. Though each of these tools have separately faced intense criticism for their resistance to the supposedly foundational principles of moral culpability and individual responsibility, their legacy is also defined by the way they function symbiotically and specifically to heighten racialized punishment. This Article addresses the weighty combined reach of the accomplice liability doctrine and felony murder rule, and proposes that racial bias has fueled the operation and survival of these tools. Specifically, it suggests that implicit racial …

The Promise Of Progressive Prosecution, G Ben Cohen

Akron Law Faculty Publications

This Article focuses on the promise and challenges of progressive prosecution through the lens of the election of Jason R. Williams to Orleans Parish District Attorney’s Office. Orleans Parish was the epicenter of mass incarceration, wrongful convictions, violence, and racism over the last thirty years. The election of Jason Williams as District Attorney in 2021 resulted in policy changes in the Orleans Parish District Attorney’s Office. In the first two years of the administration, incarceration rates dropped by one-third, impacting over one thousand people. Dozens of individuals serving draconian punishments for lowlevel offenses were resentenced. Eighteen individuals were exonerated. But …

Beyond Implicit Bias, Thomas Albright, William A. Darity Jr., Diana Dunn Dunn, Rayid Ghani, Deena Hayes-Greene, Tanya K. Hernandez, Sheryl Heron

Faculty Scholarship

In their introduction to this edition of Dædalus, Goodwin Liu and Camara Phyllis Jones write that “it is unlikely that implicit bias can be effectively addressed by cognitive interventions alone, without broader institutional, legal, and structural reforms.” They note that the genesis for the volume was a March 2021 workshop on the science of implicit bias convened by the Committee on Science, Technology, and Law of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. That workshop provided an opportunity to demonstrate that implicit bias is a common form of cognitive processing that develops in response to social, cultural, and …

False Accuracy In Criminal Trials: The Limits And Costs Of Cross Examination, Lisa Kern Griffin

Faculty Scholarship

According to the popular culture of criminal trials, skillful cross-examination can reveal the whole “truth” of what happened. In a climactic scene, defense counsel will expose a lying accuser, clear up the statements of a confused eyewitness, or surface the incentives and biases in testimony. Constitutional precedents, evidence theory, and trial procedures all reflect a similar aspiration—that cross-examination performs lie detection and thereby helps to produce accurate outcomes. Although conceptualized as a protection for defendants, cross-examination imposes some unexplored costs on them. Because it focuses on the physical presence of a witness, the current law of confrontation suggests that an …

The Lived Experiences Of School Counselors And Ell Teachers Who Support Ell Students Who Exhibit A Symptom Of Mental Illness, Trenise Duckens

Dissertations

The current literature regarding the lived experiences of ELL teachers and school counselors who support ELL students who may exhibit a symptom of mental illness in high school is very limited. Research is available discussing school counselors and their role when supporting students who may exhibit a symptom of mental illness or may have mental health concerns. This study sought to add to the literature by exploring the lived experiences of ELL teachers and school counselors who support ELL students who may exhibit a symptom of mental illness. By adding to the literature, the researcher hopes to provide a better …

The Impact Of Performance Based Funding On Institutional Financial Priorities In Public Two-Year And Four-Year Institutions, Ebony T. Spearman

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the impact of performance-based funding (PBF) policies on institutional financial priorities at 2-and 4-year colleges and universities. PBF is a policy mechanism used by states to incentivize higher education institutions to achieve specific performance outcomes, such as increased graduation and retention rates, by tying a portion of institutional funding to these outcomes. This research aims to determine the efficacy of PBF policies on institutional change and outcomes. More specifically, this research seeks to find the extent to which colleges and universities subjected to PBF policies change their financial priorities and how, if at all, these changes impact …

A Democratic Restraint On Incarceration, Marah S. Mcleod

Journal Articles

From the Article

This Article proposes a new sentencing model that employs the democratic voice of the jury to restrain individual injustice and mass incarceration by having the jury establish the maximum term that an individual defendant deserves and confining judicial sentencing discretion within that upper bound.

Burnout In Forensic Psychology Related To Personal Traits And Vicarious Trauma, Olivia Shae Bruno

Theses and Dissertations

Burnout is described as having three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feelings of ineffectiveness (Maslach et al., 1997). Burnout is considered a major occupational hazard due to the consequences for the afflicted and the population they work with (Leka & Jain, 2012) including low quality care, job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and high turnover rates (Maslach et al., 2001). Previous research has identified some occupations and settings which are linked to high rates of burnout, including psychologists (Rodriguez & Carlotta, 2017) and those working in a high stress field, such as police officers (Vazquez et al., 2021), corrections officers (Herlickson, 2010) or …

A Face Only An Attorney Could Love: Madison Square Garden’S Use Of Facial Recognition Technology To Ban Lawyers With Pending Litigation, Michael Conklin, Brian Elzweig

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.

Regulatory Monitoring In The Information Economy, Brenda Dvoskin

Scholarship@WashULaw

The administrative state is inadequately structured to define and implement public values related to the design and operation of digital architectures, systems, and processes. The Reimagining the Governance Stack Project at Georgetown Law is a long-term, full-stack effort to reinvent the administrative state so that it is capable of governing the information economy in accordance with public priorities. This first concept paper focuses on regulatory monitoring capacities. Agencies need new tools to monitor compliance with existing public mandates and understand the information economy in order to develop new and more effective regulation.

Speaking Back To Sexual Privacy Invasions, Brenda Dvoskin

Scholarship@WashULaw

Many big players in the internet ecosystem do not like hosting sexual expression. They often justify these bans as a protection of sexual privacy. For example, Meta states that it removes sexual imagery to prevent the nonconsensual distribution of sexual images. In response, this Article argues that banning digital sexual expression is counterproductive if the aim is to alleviate the harms inflicted by sexual privacy losses.

Contemporary sexual privacy theory, however, lacks analytical tools to explain why nudity bans harm the interests they intend to protect. This Article aims at building those tools. The main contribution is an invitation to …

Police Diversity Theory, Trevor George Gardner

Scholarship@WashULaw

In light of both the tragic death of Tyre Nichols in Memphis at the hands of Black police officers and the mixed results of studies of Black same-race policing, this Article proposes a conceptual framework by which to better understand the utility of police diversity. The framework maps the relational possibilities among three factors: (i) the Black officer’s approach to same-race policing; (ii) the Black officer’s performance in the context of same-race policing; and (iii) the policing priorities of the Black communities the Black officer is taken to represent.

Responsive to the conceptual framework for police diversity theory, the Article …

Criminal Law Minimalisms, Benjamin Levin

Scholarship@WashULaw

What is criminal law minimalism? At first blush, it appears to be the sober and sensible cousin of abolition. Where the language of abolition is radical and absolute, the language of minimalism speaks to moderation, pragmatism, and nuance. While I appreciate calls for nuance, I’m not sure that minimalism offers the clarity it promises or answers the hard questions about how to address the ills of the U.S. criminal system.

As a theory or label, minimalism raises two major questions: (1) a question of scope; and (2) a question of scale. On the question of scope, what exactly should be …

The Impact Of Mental Health On Recidivism: A Logistic Regression Analysis Examining Federal Probation Outcomes, Stephanie Kowal

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

This research paper investigates the impact of mental health issues on probation success, utilizing secondary data from the Criminology Research Group at the University of Montana. Employing binary logistic regression analysis, the study examines various factors affecting probation outcomes, with a focus on mental health treatment as a primary independent variable. Findings reveal that individuals receiving outpatient mental health care are significantly more likely to recidivate, supporting the hypothesis that ongoing mental health struggles pose substantial barriers to probation success. Moreover, employment status, age at the start of supervision, adult criminal offenses, and days under supervision emerged as significant predictors …

Do High School Students Understand Their Miranda Rights? A Preliminary Investigation, Emma K. Hinds

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Background: Numerous studies have established that the linguistic complexity of the Miranda warning often results in poor comprehension, particularly for adolescents. Several studies have shown that persons with language disorders are overrepresented in U.S. prisons. Additionally, a few studies have shown a strong positive correlation between language scores and scores on Miranda assessments. These findings suggest that individuals with language disorders are at risk for poor comprehension of their Miranda rights, placing them at greater risk of waiving those rights, which can lead to incarceration.

Aims: The goal of this preliminary investigation is to examine how well adolescents with typical …

Procedural Legality In International Human Rights Law, Mujib Jimoh

California Western International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Technology Is Not Your Friend: How One Mobile App Harms Asylum Seekers, Alexandra Kepler

California Western International Law Journal

No abstract provided.