Digital Commons Network^™

Promoting Climate Awareness Through The Design Of Interactive Moving Posters, Ricardo Gonçalves, Sérgio M. Rebelo, Daniel Lopes, Artur Rebelo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Nowadays, the ubiquity of digital media has promoted the establishment of novel Graphic Design practices that seek to better catch the audience’s attention. In the Poster Design scenario, we observed the appearance of moving posters, digital-based artefacts that include animated elements; nevertheless, as moving posters get increasingly common, the search for more effective communication approaches should be conducted. This paper studies the impact of interactivity on poster design. Computational and Artificial Intelligence approaches have been employed to design a set of interactive moving posters which can adapt according to the viewer’s actions and the surrounding environment. The current environmental issues …

Arabic Type In Urban Environments: A Graphic Heritage, Shaima Elbardawil

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Graphic design as a cultural object can contribute to the design of heritage in various ways. This study investigates the meaning of heritage and graphic design in relation to culture and communication. It discusses cultural heritage in Arab states with reference to Arabic type and introduces Naskh-style typefaces in wayfinding systems and signage as a graphic urban heritage. This is done using a framework for analyzing urban graphic heritage alongside empirical field study from the United Arab Emirates and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The study reveals that graphic design provides a unique framework toward understanding the role of typographic …

Talking About Food: Reflecting On Transitions Of Practice In People With Lived Experience Of Food Poverty, David Perez, Roger Whitham, Gemma Coupe, Leon Cruickshank

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper, we deploy a practice theory lens to explore how co-design activities have enabled individuals to transition to new and different advocacy, inquiry and engagement practices. The co-design project we describe sought to bring about change in a national network of organisations addressing food poverty in the UK. The aim of the project was to collaborate with young people and adults from different communities of the North of England to co-design tools for gathering stories and enabling advocacy relating to food insecurity. We use a practice theory lens to describe the relationships between co-design activities and transitions in …

Positioning Design In Transdisciplinary Collaborations: Experiences From A Smart City Consortium Project, Anouk Geenen, Deger Özkaramanli, Julieta Matos-Castaño, Mascha Van Der Voort

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper explores the positioning of design in transdisciplinary collaborations. Design is increasingly positioned as a promising way of working in complex, multi-stakeholder collaborations. In this paper, we want to deepen and challenge this positioning in order to better clarify the contribution of design. Building on literature and experiences from an ongoing consortium-type research project in the context of smart cities, we concep-tualize five preliminary roles that design adopts in collaborative settings: (1) generator; (2) communicator; (3) facilitator; (4) mediator and (5) provocateur. We argue that the latter two roles, namely the mediator and provocateur, are the most recent and …

Value-Drive Design Approach To Envision Speculative Futures, Yihyun Lim, Bumjin Kim

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents a design approach that brings together speculative design, value-sensitive design, and emotion-based ethnographic method to identify value-experiences for the design of value-driven speculative futures. The paper discusses the approach in five steps; 1) emotion-based design ethnography, 2) visual mapping and value-extraction, 3) secondary research of technology and socio-cultural trends and filtering of technologies based on its interpreted value-experiences, 4) design of value-driven future scenarios, 5) materializing scenarios as discursive prototypes. We explore COVID19 pandemic as a context of research-through-design inquiry in developing this approach.

Whose Place Is It? Enacted Territories In The Museum, Jennie Andersson Schaeffer, Ksenija Komazec, Elsa Vaara, Andreea Strineholm, Helena Tobiasson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There is a growing trend to embrace the idea of public participation in the work of museums, from exhibition design to collections. To further develop participatory cultures in museums, these negotiations and emerging practices should be examined more closely. This paper explores a museum’s whole-hearted attempt to engage with the societal issue of climate change and work with a high degree of participation from civic society when staging a temporary exhibition. We investigate experiences in the process of building, measuring, separating and transgressing during the collaboration. Based on these explorations the paper presents three emerging and interconnected territories in the …

Envisioning Personal Finance And Expense Tracking For A Sustainable Future, Young-Ae Hahn, Jiyoun Lee, Minhyuk Kim

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Young Koreans who are financially inexperienced and unconcerned about environmen-tal and social issues cannot achieve balanced goals—economic self-sufficiency, envi-ronmental-health sustainability and ethical consumption—for a sustainable future. Although current personal finance apps provide daily, weekly and monthly spending trends, they do not effectively raise awareness of these goals. In response, we envi-sioned an alternative expense tracking app UI with two reference points against which a user can compare his/her current spending: (1) the user’s peer age/household/income group spending averages and (2) expert recommendations on the appropriate savings rate, energy consumption limits and ethically manufactured products. According to a survey questionnaire that …

“What Makes You Feel Relaxed In Nature?”: Exploring Nature-Based Stimuli As Inspiration For Designing Relaxing Experiences, Chan Mi Kim, Thomas Van Rompay, Geke Ludden

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Nature experiences promote relaxation and wellbeing. To bring these benefits to people with limited access to nature, digital technologies can be used to provide nature experiences. However, we do not yet completely understand which exact qualities of nature and what mechanisms are involved in eliciting relaxation. To close this gap, we conducted a diary exercise (n=25) to explore interactions and qualities that stimulate relaxation in nature. Results revealed a typology comprising three pathways to promote relaxation through nature experiences: relaxation by sensing, thinking, and doing. In addition, 8 sensorial and 6 contextual qualities were identified, and a visual summary was …

An Overview Of Current Practices And Approaches To Co-Designing Services With And For People With Dementia Towards Developing A Framework For Best Practice, Kristina Niedderer, Laura Orton, Isabelle Tournier

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current practices and approaches to co-designing services with and for people living with early to mid-stage dementia to derive a set of principles and practices for application in the IDoService project. It explores the understanding of service design and of co-design for the purposes of this paper, and then uses a meta-review of co-design of services for people with dementia, underpinned by a selection of case studies from the literature to extract and collate a set of key principles of best practice. We then consider the application of these …

Potential Benefits Of Designing Immersive Technologies To Reduce Anxiety In The Perioperative Patient Journey, Nikou Javadi, Ian Gwilt, Aaron Davis

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This research investigates if virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies can be used to help people cope with the anxiety associated with a surgical procedure in the patient health care journey. Perioperative anxiety is a natural response to surgery stress which may happen at any point before or after a surgical procedure. Research has shown that high level of perioperative anxiety are a potential health and recovery threat for a patient due to the effects on psychologic and physiologic responses. The concept of Digital Health is increasingly playing a more substantial role in health care provision and there is a …

A Designerly Approach To The Sonification Of Electric Vehicles, Sara Lenzi, Juan Sádaba, Paolo Ciuccarelli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In recent years, efforts to frame sound-related areas of research such as sonification, sonic interaction design and product sound design in terms of design methodologies became more common. Sound designers seem to be willing to structure a field traditionally characterised by tacit knowledge in terms of explicit design processes, tools and methods, to increase the reach and impact of the field. In this paper, we describe the first two stages of a commercial sonification project for the design of sounds for Electric Vehicles. The project was developed applying a design methodology that integrates a specific tool (the sonification canvas), which …

Participatory Iot Policies: A Case Study Of Designing Governance At A Local Level, Louise Mullagh, Naomi Jacobs, Nuri Kwon, Milan Markovic, Ben Wainwright, Kirsty Chekansky

DRS Biennial Conference Series

As IoT devices proliferate public spaces, it is vital that adequate governance structures and policies are designed and implemented in order to enhance trust, and protect privacy and security of citizens. At a local level, smaller towns and cities that are not part of the ‘smart city’ movement, but instead are connected through IoT devices, also need to consider how these devices are governed. This research explores how two novel methods (design fiction and walkshops) can be combined and embedded in the design of policy for IoT governance at a local level. The contribution of the work lies in wider …

Making Posters To Understand Statistics: Towards A Didactical Approach In Communication Design, Michele Mauri, Simone Vantini, Beatrice Gobbo, Tommaso Elli, Elena Aversa, Andrea Benedetti, María De Los Ángeles Briones Rojas, Gabriele Colombo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper describes a didactical approach to introducing statistics to communication design students at the master level. The approach helps them develop a critical attitude toward data manipulation and information visualization, acknowledging a lack of education in such areas despite their growing relevance in the communication design field. In previous experiences, we observed how theoretical lessons in statistics were inefficient because they were perceived as distant from the communication design practice. We, therefore, adopted a “thinking-through-doing” approach: instead of asking students to study statistical methods, we asked them to design a poster explaining them. In the paper, we present the …

Design Meets Death: A First Systematic Mapping Review Of Design Contributions To End Of Life Field, Andrew Tibbles, Farnaz Nickpour

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper, for the first time, maps and interrogates the contributions towards the emerging field of design and death, through a systematic mapping review. Key databases and grey literature publications are searched and 183 design contributions are analysed, categorising results according to death spectrum; type of contribution; interventional complexity; design approach; and stakeholder involvement. Findings show an increasing trend of design contributions towards death between 2000-2021. The field is being progressed by a triad of Healthcare, Computer Science and Design disciplines, often siloed in their efforts. Design approaches and methods including Human Centred Design and Co-design are popular, particularly within …

Design As An Agent Of Narratives: A Conceptual Framework And A First Exploration In The Context Of Inclusive Paediatric Mobility Design, Cara Shaw, Farnaz Nickpour

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Although much of human experience is qualitative, front-end design documentation typically defaults to quantification which can abstract, dilute or lose meaning and reasoning with regards to lived experiences. Narratives are a well-established channel for gathering rich qualitative insights around individual and collective experiences, perceptions and values. However, the potential to advance the role of design beyond simply an embodiment agent for dominant narratives - to an agent for uncovering, interrogating, speculating, and scaling a diversity of narrative ‘classes’ and ‘statuses’ - is yet to be fully explored. This paper proposes a conceptual framework positioning design as an agent of narratives …

A Place We Call Home: Curriculum For Land-Based Education, Adolfo Ruiz

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper describes initial research into the creation of curriculum that combines visual communication design with local Indigenous knowledge in the Tłı̨chǫ Dene region of subarctic Canada. This curriculum is intended for regional youth, and to be accredited by the Faculty of Extension at the University of Alberta. Situated outside dominant models of design education, the following sections illustrate the significant role that embodied knowledge and relationality can play in land-based pedagogy. As part of this discussion, the field of design is situated as an intermediary between an Indigenous community and a Western academic institution. Through a reflexive, narrative form …

Ideasquares: Utilizing Generative Text As A Source Of Design Inspiration, Gyeongwon Yun, Kwangmin Cho, Yunwoo Jeong, Tek-Jin Nam

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Online searching tools are used for early design ideation. However, they tend to limit designers’ creativity due to direct visual feedback and lack of novelty. We pre-sent IdeaSquares, a design concept text generation tool for supporting the ideation process. We used text-generation artificial intelligence (AI) that was fine-tuned on the Red Dot design award winners’ data to show newly generated design examples as search results. To understand how young designers use concept text generation tool for the design ideation, we conducted a comparative user study where partici-pants used two versions, generative querying and conventional searching mode, of the tools during …

The Power In Maps: Reviewing A ‘Youth Violence’ Systems Map As Discursive Intervention, Jocelyn Bailey, Lorraine Gamman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper offers a reflection on a systems mapping experiment undertaken as part of the Redesign Youth Futures project, which aimed to visualise the complex system producing youth violence in London. The paper brings together key ideas in the practice of systems thinking and mapping, with contributions from the literature on design and power, to theorise the map as an intervention in a discourse – in this case, the popular and policy discourse around youth violence. In doing so, it offers an account of how power is operant in and through such an artefact: in the embodiment of (and resistance …

Design Beyond The Human World Of Management And Organizations: Towards A Cosmology For The Anthropocene, Emmanuel Bonnet, Diego Landivar, Alexandre Monnin, Ulises Navarro Aguiar

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper, we intend to make explicit the shared ontological foundation of design and management and question them in light of the advent of the Anthropocene. To do so, we first draw these disciplines closer before qualifying their common ground as an underlying “cosmology they share”. This cosmology is characterized by the centrality of the notion of organization. We argue that design as well as design knowledge must be assessed with regards to this peculiar cosmology. We call for the need to go beyond what we call the “monism of organizations” or the “organized world”. We propose a new …

Visual Communication Design As A Form Of Mindfulness-Based Intervention, Jesvin Puay-Hwa Yeo, Chua-Tee Teo, Reuben Tay

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper explores the effects of mindfulness-based design interventions to help children better self-regulate their emotions. It attempts to ascertain if the use of prototype designs could further enhance the children’s awareness or mindfulness, and emotional wellbeing. Children’s emotional and behavioural problems have become a growing concern. These problems are related to the difficulties children face in controlling their emotions, which may lead to psychological problems in adulthood. This indicates the need to help children understand feelings and how to self-regulate emotions. A pilot design project was conducted to explore the connection between mindfulness-based practice and emotion regulation in children …

Systemic Design's Guidelines To Implement Organizational Change, Caterina Rosini, Silvia Barbero

DRS Biennial Conference Series

: In the future, organisations must face sudden changes and increase competitiveness. Firms need to have resources and competencies to set a strategic advantage in the business context to survive. This paper describes two management models used to define strategy and implement benefits for the firm and compares them with a systemic framework and the Systemic Design Approach. The comparison highlights the necessity to analyse organisations considering their complexity in terms of resources and interactions between spheres and roles. This evidence led us to sustain that Systemic Design can provide a better approach to organisational complexity and could be able …

Design Placebos For The Impossibility Of Empathy In Videotelephony, Nesli Hazal Oktay

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This year, humans were locked in their homes with a rising need for digital communication such as videotelephony. Although videotelephony helps to reduce the physical gap, it leaves little room for the transmission of body language that is usually associated with empathy. This research is inspired by the cognitive model of empathy which can be explained as our desire to understand others’ emotions and interact with them accordingly. By creating a reflective experience of imagining through the body in movement, the research looks into what inter-action design’s role be in working with empathy and asks: In which ways design placebos …

With Or Without Emoji? The Effect Of Emoji On Risk Perception And Preventive Behaviors In Health Information, Tingyi S. Lin, Yue Luo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

For nearly a decade, emoji have been widely used as a substitute for nonverbal clues in computer mediated communication, especially in social media. Although the use of emoji in health communication via social media is becoming pervasive, the influences of using emoji in health information on information receivers’ perceptions and behavior has not been fully studied. In order to discover these influences, this study collected 210 Taiwanese self-statement questionnaires for analysis during the COVID-19 period in Taiwan in 2021. It adopted a 2x2 between-subject design to examine and respond to the research questions. The results verified the enhancement effect of …

A Framework For Designing The Seamless Automotive Multimodal Experience In Future Connected And Autonomous Vehicles, Fangli Song, Wei Wang, Hongnan Lin, Yuanqing Tian

DRS Biennial Conference Series

As multimodal user interfaces (MUIs) significantly enrich user experience with connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), a seamless modality combination and multimodal switch is the key to enhancing human interaction's efficiency and usability across multiple interfaces in vehicles. From the theoretical review, we discuss the concept of seamlessness. Based on the consideration of driving automation upgrade and multi-tasking dynamics, we introduce two seamless dimensions of the new design space of multimodal user interfaces in both chronological and spatial orders. We propose a framework incorporating the design space and discuss the factors influencing the performance of multimodal seamlessness with the driving tasks …

Legal Design Could And Should Be More Sociolegal, Amanda Perry-Kessaris

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Legal design could and should be more sociolegal. Sociolegal research can offer conceptual frameworks, empirical methods and data, and normative direction to legal design. At the same time, designerly methods can enhance the abilities of sociolegal researchers to make and communicate sense of things to, with and for themselves, academics in other disciplines, and the wider world. So, if legal designers were to engage more deeply and systematically with sociolegal research and researchers, benefits could flow to legal design, to cross-disciplinary research and to the wider world.

Setting The Stage: The Value Of Contextual Social Research When Designing With Local Sustainability Initiatives, Cyril Tjahja

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents an exploration of the (pre)conditions in which local energy transition initiatives operate in the city of Groningen, the Netherlands, and to what extent these conditions influence the co-design process. The findings show that participation in such schemes is not necessarily a given, as local initiatives and (design) practitioners can encounter several interrelated issues, which must be taken into account before even considering a co-design approach to the energy transition. Informed by insights from the social research studies conducted, the initial design-centred approach was altered to incorporate (co)design in a more flexible and iterative manner, inspiring new ways …

Where Do We Go From Here? Rethinking The Design Studio After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Saskia Van Kampen, Anne Galperin, Karin Jager, Lesley-Ann Noel, Johnathon Strube

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper, five design educators apply an investigative framework to discuss the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the Design Studio and the future of design education at North American universities. The educators are dispersed geographically across Canada and the United States and teach in public higher education. They have a working and reflection group that has met weekly or bi-weekly for 18 months to discuss and write about their practice as design educators. This paper is a distillation of the group’s experiences, their reflections regarding the future of the design studio, and their intentions for practice …

Are Stereotypes, Such As The ‘Headclutcher’, In Stock Images For Mental Illness Stigmatizing?, Laura Orton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Public perception and attitudes of mental illness are heavily influenced by mass media, so it is important the visual communication delivered into society is responsible and not unintentionally damaging. Stereotypes are used frequently in visual communication for speed of understanding. However, stereotypes are often based on unfounded assumptions, and these assumptions can cause stigma towards the stereotyped group. This study questions what stereotypes, if any, are present in stock images of mental illness and discusses what effect they may have on stigma. There have been previous calls for images such as the ‘headclutcher’ to not be used to represent mental …

The Gendered Semiotics Of Far-Right Populism On Instagram: A Case From Spain, David Divita

Pomona Faculty Publications and Research

Perhaps more than any other online social-networking platform, Instagram facilitates the construction and management of public image, serving as a potentially effective tool for political actors; nevertheless, it remains relatively understudied among digital communication strategies. In this article, I investigate the platform’s use by far-right populist politicians, turning to Santiago Abascal of Spain as a case study. Performing detailed analysis on a corpus of Abascal’s most popular posts determined by their “engagement rate,” I expose the gendered mode of self-presentation that resonates with Abascal’s public. In the second part of the article, I consider an equivalent corpus from President Pedro …

An Evidence--Based Intervention: Use Of Visual Aids For Patient Education During Bedside Team Rounding, Kristin Clifford, Shay Gruber

Nursing DNP Projects

Abstract Purpose: To increase patient health literacy and satisfaction in hospitalized adult medical-surgical patients through an evidence-based provider intervention (advanced practice providers, APPs, or physicians, MDs) adding visual aids to current verbal patient education methods during daily bedside team rounding (BTR).

Strength of Evidence: A literature review resulted in 15 studies meeting inclusion criteria including two meta-analyses, three randomized control trials, two quasi-experimental studies, five systematic reviews, two descriptive studies, and one clinical practice guideline. Evidence revealed the addition of visual information to verbal and written education methods significantly improves patient knowledge, understanding, and recall of health information and increases …