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The Effect Of An 8-Week Resistance Training Intervention On The Cross-Sectional Area Of The Rectus Femoris, Kornkanok Sophonsakulrat, Payton E. Miller, Corie N. Smith, Kat A. Adcock, Karley Rayfield, Canyon Massengale, Jessica Jones, Laura Roden, Avery Pickrell, Grant M. Tinsley, Jacob A. Mota Feb 2026

The Effect Of An 8-Week Resistance Training Intervention On The Cross-Sectional Area Of The Rectus Femoris, Kornkanok Sophonsakulrat, Payton E. Miller, Corie N. Smith, Kat A. Adcock, Karley Rayfield, Canyon Massengale, Jessica Jones, Laura Roden, Avery Pickrell, Grant M. Tinsley, Jacob A. Mota

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a key adaptation to resistance training, yet the time when measurable growth occurs remains unknown in previously untrained women. Evaluating hypertrophic changes over a short intervention period has important implication for training adaptations and program design. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to quantify the time course of muscle size cross sectional area (CSA) and morphological adaptations of the rectus femoris (RF) following 8-weeks of resistance training in previously untrained, college-aged women. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy, untrained female participants (age, 18-35, BMI, 22.65±2.61 kg/m2) were randomized to either an 8-week resistance-training group (TRAIN) …

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Body Composition Profiling Of Firefighters Who Reported Workers’ Compensation: Are Those Who Filed Fit For Duty Part 2, Jade Simon, Sage A. Newman, Kelly Hines, Newman Brian, Michael Conner, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Body Composition Profiling Of Firefighters Who Reported Workers’ Compensation: Are Those Who Filed Fit For Duty Part 2, Jade Simon, Sage A. Newman, Kelly Hines, Newman Brian, Michael Conner, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighting requires resilience, good fitness, and body composition to prevent injuries. Excess fat and low lean mass raise the risk of MSK injuries like strains, which account for over half of firefighter injuries annually. Identifying fitness and body composition factors related to injury claims can help prevent injuries and reduce occupational risk strain. PURPOSE: We compared the BC profiles of those who filed for workers' compensation (WC) to those who did not. METHODS: Archival data for 499 career firefighters—466 men and 28 women—were analyzed from annual clinical testing. Body composition was measured via bioelectrical impedance. Participants reported whether …

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Evaluating Nfpa 1580 And Nfpa 1582 Occupational Readiness Standards Via Physiological Profiling And Discriminative Analyses, Taylor Benard, Regan Lariviere, Michael Conner, Micheil Spillane, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Evaluating Nfpa 1580 And Nfpa 1582 Occupational Readiness Standards Via Physiological Profiling And Discriminative Analyses, Taylor Benard, Regan Lariviere, Michael Conner, Micheil Spillane, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters are currently assessed using NFPA 1582 standards based on job-specific aerobic capacity. Recent shifts to broad percentile categories raise concerns that these criteria may be less strict and misclassify firefighters as fit. As more are deemed ready, there's worry that lowering fitness thresholds could weaken high-risk readiness screening occupation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine how effectively NFPA 1580 and NFPA 1582 occupational readiness standards stratify firefighter fitness and discriminate pass/fail status using physiological and performance-based measures. METHODS: Archival data from annual clinical tests on 144 FFs were analyzed. FFs were classified per NFPA …

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Do Greater Years Of Service Subject The Firefighter To Poor Physical Performance And Body Composition Profiling?, Regan Lariviere, Taylor Benard, Michael Conner, Micheil Spillane, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Do Greater Years Of Service Subject The Firefighter To Poor Physical Performance And Body Composition Profiling?, Regan Lariviere, Taylor Benard, Michael Conner, Micheil Spillane, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters face higher CVD risks from stress, aging, and irregular activity. Years of experience (YXP) also worsen health by accelerating age-related declines in body composition, biomarkers, and performance. However, studies on performance across experience levels are limited assessed. PURPOSE: To profile various physical performance and body composition parameters by YXP-related groupings among FFs. METHODS: Archival data from annual clinical testing of 142 FFs were analyzed. Groups were defined as those with <2.5, 2.5 to 5, 5 to 10, 10-15, and >15 YXP. General linear models (GLM) were employed for both multivariate and univariate analyses, utilizing Fisher’s Least Significant Difference tests. To evaluate pairwise mean comparisons and post-hoc …

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Lat Pulldown Load Velocity Profiling In Upper-Body Dominant Athletes: A Preliminary Report, Darian B. Hastings, Benjamin P. Doyle, John D. Tebbetts, Bryan B. Crutcher, J Bryan Mann Feb 2026

Lat Pulldown Load Velocity Profiling In Upper-Body Dominant Athletes: A Preliminary Report, Darian B. Hastings, Benjamin P. Doyle, John D. Tebbetts, Bryan B. Crutcher, J Bryan Mann

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The lat pulldown (LPD) is a common strength exercise aimed to improve maximal strength and power of the latissimus dorsi, the primary agonist muscle for vertical pulling patterns common in sports such as swimming and sport climbing. There is limited research supporting the use of load velocity profiling of the LPD exercise for determining maximal vertical pulling power in upper-body dominant athletes and using these profiles to predict sport-specific performance capabilities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to validate the use of load velocity profiling of the LPD exercise as a predictive measure of vertical pulling power in upper-body …

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Aerobic Capacity And Maximal Work Performance In Firefighters: The Role Of Age And Body Composition In Occupational Health Risk, Payton E. Miller, Michael Conner, Grant M. Tinsley, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christine M. Florez, Carina M. Velasquez, Kelly Hines, Jacob A. Mota Feb 2026

Aerobic Capacity And Maximal Work Performance In Firefighters: The Role Of Age And Body Composition In Occupational Health Risk, Payton E. Miller, Michael Conner, Grant M. Tinsley, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christine M. Florez, Carina M. Velasquez, Kelly Hines, Jacob A. Mota

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighting requires repeated bouts of high-intensity physical work performed under extreme environmental conditions, placing substantial strain on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of on-duty firefighter fatalities, with the majority of deaths occurring among firefighters aged 40 years and older. Physiological characteristics such as age and body composition influence aerobic capacity and maximal work performance, both of which are critical and essential while performing strenuous operations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine how age, sex, and body composition affect aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and maximal work capacity (Wmax …

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Associations Between Lower Limb Stiffness And Baseball Pitching And Batting Velocity Are Influenced By Playing Level And Body Mass, Natalie E. Bravo, Benjamin P. Doyle, J Bryan Mann Feb 2026

Associations Between Lower Limb Stiffness And Baseball Pitching And Batting Velocity Are Influenced By Playing Level And Body Mass, Natalie E. Bravo, Benjamin P. Doyle, J Bryan Mann

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous research shows a positive relationship between countermovement jump (CMJ) stiffness and baseball pitching velocity, suggesting that athletes who exhibit greater spring-like lower limb mechanics may generate greater throwing speeds. However, it remains unclear whether this relationship persists for batting or if these relationships remain consistent across playing levels. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between CMJ-derived lower limb stiffness and both pitching and batting velocity across high school (HS), collegiate (COL), and professional (PRO) baseball players. METHODS: HS, COL, and PRO baseball players performed countermovement jumps using dual force plates (1000 Hz). …

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How Self-Talk Affects Performance Among Ncaa Division Iii Female Athletes, Micah Rabey, Briannah Mejias, Giana Hilliard, Cambryn Holloway, Matt Robinson, Kristen Mcalexander Feb 2026

How Self-Talk Affects Performance Among Ncaa Division Iii Female Athletes, Micah Rabey, Briannah Mejias, Giana Hilliard, Cambryn Holloway, Matt Robinson, Kristen Mcalexander

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Self-talk alters mental toughness, emotional control, and behavioral reactions, and can affect an athlete’s cognitive and psychological condition throughout training, competition, and practice. Few studies have examined the role of self-talk specifically among female athletes and no known study has measured its effects among female athletes at the NCAA Division III level. PURPOSE: Examine how NCAA Division III female student athletes describe the role of self-talk in their athletic performance and identify specific ways they perceive self-talk, its functions during training and competition, and its impact on focus, motivation, confidence, and overall performance. METHODS: In the Fall of 2025, modified …

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Ncaa Division Iii Athletes’ Perceptions Of Impactful Peer Leadership​, Gabriel Palacios, Andrea Eckermann, Justin Gooden, Caden Battenfield, Matthew Robinson, Kristen Mcalexander Feb 2026

Ncaa Division Iii Athletes’ Perceptions Of Impactful Peer Leadership​, Gabriel Palacios, Andrea Eckermann, Justin Gooden, Caden Battenfield, Matthew Robinson, Kristen Mcalexander

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While sport leadership strongly influences team cohesion, motivation, and success, most research focuses on coaches rather than peer athletic leaders. PURPOSE: Explore common characteristics among peer athletic leaders and how they influence a team’s motivation and success. METHODS: In the Fall of 2025, modified questions from the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) and the Grit Scale-Original (GS-O), measuring leadership behaviors, leadership qualities, team dynamics, and the influence of peer leaders, were emailed to student athletes at a NCAA Division III University. RESULTS: Thirteen participants (M age= 20.15 years, SD=1.46 years) representing five sports (basketball N=8, cross country N=1, soccer N=1, …

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How Do Firefighters Differ Between Years Of Fire Service Experience: Part 3 – Blood Biomarker Profiles, Jonah C. White, Michael Conner, Jacob A. Mota, Payton Miller, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

How Do Firefighters Differ Between Years Of Fire Service Experience: Part 3 – Blood Biomarker Profiles, Jonah C. White, Michael Conner, Jacob A. Mota, Payton Miller, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters (FF) face a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to aging, job-related stress, and irregular physical activity. Years of experience (YXP) in the fire service have been shown to have a unique impact on FF health and performance; however, profiling the differences between those with less or more YXP has not yet been assessed. PURPOSE: To examine YXP-related differences in conventional blood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers among firefighters. METHODS: Archival data from annual clinical testing of 142 male firefighters were analyzed (33.4±8.6 years; 29.3±4.1 kg/m2; 38.8±6.9 mL/kg/min). Groups were defined as those with <5 YXP and >5 YXP. …

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Influence Of Aging And Exercise On Immune Blood Cells And Muscle Strength In Female Rats, Advait V. Dadi Jr, Dillon Harris, Quinten Pigg, Daniela Sayuri Inoue, Mariana Janini Gomes Feb 2026

Influence Of Aging And Exercise On Immune Blood Cells And Muscle Strength In Female Rats, Advait V. Dadi Jr, Dillon Harris, Quinten Pigg, Daniela Sayuri Inoue, Mariana Janini Gomes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Aging is associated with alterations in immune cell profiles and declines in skeletal muscle function, which together contribute to increased vulnerability to disease and functional impairment. While aerobic exercise is known to improve muscle function and immune health, the effects of initiating exercise later in life, particularly in females, remain poorly understood. PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of aging and late-life aerobic training on blood cell counts and forelimb grip strength in female rats. METHODS: 20 female Fisher 344 rats were assigned into three experimental groups: Young (Y, 3 months (y, n = 6), Old (O, 21 …

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Basal Inflammation Modifies Neuroendocrine And Immune Stress Responses To Live Fire Training In Firefighters, Jordyn Chovanetz, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Basal Inflammation Modifies Neuroendocrine And Immune Stress Responses To Live Fire Training In Firefighters, Jordyn Chovanetz, Michael Conner, Steven E. Martin, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighting activities trigger strong physiological stress responses, activating neuroendocrine and immune pathways. Yet little is known about how basal levels of inflammation influence the response to the demands of live-fire training evaluation (LFTE). PURPOSE: This study examined the difference of a firefighters’ (FFs) physiological stress responses by their basal inflammation level during an LFTE using an assumption-driven analytical approach to account for missing data. METHODS: Seventy-six FFs completed an LFTE. Salivary biosamples were taken before, immediately after, and 30 min post-LFTE, then analyzed for α-amylase (sAA), cortisol (sCORT), and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA). FFs were grouped by their …

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Skeletal Muscle Mass Estimation By Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry And Bioimpedance Techniques In Muscular, Resistance-Trained Adults, John R. Alexander, Christian Rodriguez, Christine M. Florez, Ethan G. Tinoco, Julia Whitson, Carina M. Velasquez, Grant M. Tinsley Feb 2026

Skeletal Muscle Mass Estimation By Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry And Bioimpedance Techniques In Muscular, Resistance-Trained Adults, John R. Alexander, Christian Rodriguez, Christine M. Florez, Ethan G. Tinoco, Julia Whitson, Carina M. Velasquez, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is an important body composition metric in clinical and research settings. However, criterion methods such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are largely inaccessible, so surrogate methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance are used to estimate SMM. The agreement of these surrogate estimates may be impacted by physiological characteristics of the specific populations being evaluated. PURPOSE: To compare SMM estimates derived from DXA and bioimpedance methods using differing prediction equations within a sample of muscular, resistance-trained adults. METHODS: Forty participants (23 M, 17 F; [mean ± SD] age: 28.1 …

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Bone Mineral Density Changes In Ncaa Division I Female Acrobatics & Tumbling Athletes Across Collegiate Career, Mary C. Pickler, Andrew R. Gallucci, Katherine M. Lee, Leroy K. Bolden, Grant M. Tinsley Feb 2026

Bone Mineral Density Changes In Ncaa Division I Female Acrobatics & Tumbling Athletes Across Collegiate Career, Mary C. Pickler, Andrew R. Gallucci, Katherine M. Lee, Leroy K. Bolden, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Acrobatics and tumbling (A&T) has gained significant attention since becoming an official National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sport about a decade ago. The sport requires elite-level athletic abilities to perform tosses, lifts, and tumbling, making maintaining optimal body composition a key priority.  However, little is known about the longitudinal impacts of the sport’s elite training and competition on specific aspects of body composition of its athletes. PURPOSE: To analyze changes in total and segmental bone mineral density over the course of entire collegiate career in Division I female A&T athletes. METHODS: Division I female A&T athletes underwent total …

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Dehydration Alters Pbmc Inflammatory Propensity That Impair Myoblast Fusion: An Ex-Vivo Approach, Casey Appell, Trinity N. Domonkos, Karina Olvera, Sarah Walper, Christian J. Hoebelheinrich, Larry Munger, Danielle Levitt, Hui-Ying Luk Feb 2026

Dehydration Alters Pbmc Inflammatory Propensity That Impair Myoblast Fusion: An Ex-Vivo Approach, Casey Appell, Trinity N. Domonkos, Karina Olvera, Sarah Walper, Christian J. Hoebelheinrich, Larry Munger, Danielle Levitt, Hui-Ying Luk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Muscle recovery from damage requires satellite cell activation to myoblasts and subsequent myoblast fusion, processes that are influenced, by immune-muscle crosstalk. In this context, the inflammatory propensity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), may alter myoblast fusion. In vitro studies have shown that hyperosmotic stress alters PBMC inflammatory potency. However, the effect of dehydration (elevated plasma osmolality) on PBMC inflammatory propensity, and its impact on myoblast fusion is unknown. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of dehydration following muscle damage on PBMC inflammatory propensity to alter myoblast fusion using an ex-vivo model. METHODS: Active men (n=4, 19±1yr, 173.4±7.6cm, 84.3±11.6kg) …

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Agreement Of Visceral Adipose Tissue Estimates From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry And Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance, Christine M. Florez, Carina M. Velasquez, Ainsley Way, Madison H. Sullivan, Julia Whitson, John Alexander, Adhirath Malladi, Reva Ann Rudolph, Grant M. Tinsley Feb 2026

Agreement Of Visceral Adipose Tissue Estimates From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry And Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance, Christine M. Florez, Carina M. Velasquez, Ainsley Way, Madison H. Sullivan, Julia Whitson, John Alexander, Adhirath Malladi, Reva Ann Rudolph, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), a defining feature of truncal obesity, is a key diagnostic marker for metabolic syndrome.  Quantifying VAT in accordance with clinical thresholds allows providers to assess and stratify risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, the agreement between methods of VAT estimation is not fully elucidated. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association and agreement of VAT estimates derived from two commonly used body composition techniques. METHODS: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) estimates were obtained from fifty-seven participants (32 F: age 33 ± 16.1 y, BMI 24.4 ± 4.4 …

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Beyond Lean Mass: Body Roundness Index (Bri) Is Independently Associated With Cardiometabolic Health And Physical Performance In Tactical Personnel, Dongju Lee, Michael J. Conner, Steve E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Beyond Lean Mass: Body Roundness Index (Bri) Is Independently Associated With Cardiometabolic Health And Physical Performance In Tactical Personnel, Dongju Lee, Michael J. Conner, Steve E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Abdominal obesity and low muscle mass increase cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk. Firefighters and law enforcement officers may have high lean body mass (LBM), but occupational stressors raise their risk of abdominal obesity and CMD. Body roundness index (BRI) measures abdominal fat, but it's unclear whether high LBM can counteract the metabolic damage caused by abdominal adiposity in these personnel. PURPOSE: To evaluate (1) the associations of BRI and LBM with cardiometabolic and physical outcomes and (2) LBM's moderating effect (BRI × LBM interaction) on how abdominal obesity relates to health risks. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 158 first responders analyzed …

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Dehydration Does Not Affect Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness After Muscle Damage, Christian J. Hoebelheinrich, Casey Appell, Hui-Ying Luk, Trinity N. Domonkos, Sarah Walper, Karina Olvera, Seth Bernardino, Amar Vaela, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger Feb 2026

Dehydration Does Not Affect Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness After Muscle Damage, Christian J. Hoebelheinrich, Casey Appell, Hui-Ying Luk, Trinity N. Domonkos, Sarah Walper, Karina Olvera, Seth Bernardino, Amar Vaela, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Muscle-damaging exercise initiates an inflammatory cascade that contributes to the development of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which typically resolves within 24 to 72h. Although dehydration is common among active young adults and has been associated with greater severity of exercise-induced muscle damage, its role in modulating the resolution of soreness (indicative of inflammatory response) during recovery remains unclear. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of fluid restriction during 72hr recovery period on DOMS following exercise-induced muscle damaging exercise in young active adults. METHODS: Active men (n=6,  20±3yr, 173.6±8.1cm, 78.9±12.2kg) and women (n=2, 20±1yr, 162.6±3.6cm, 69.9±3.1kg) completed two identical …

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Delayed Recovery Of Force Production In A Dehydrated State Following Muscle Damage, Amar Vaela, Casey Appell, Trinity N. Domonkos, Karina Olvera, Sarah Walper, Christian Hoebelheinrich, Seth Bernardino, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger, Hui-Ying Luk Feb 2026

Delayed Recovery Of Force Production In A Dehydrated State Following Muscle Damage, Amar Vaela, Casey Appell, Trinity N. Domonkos, Karina Olvera, Sarah Walper, Christian Hoebelheinrich, Seth Bernardino, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger, Hui-Ying Luk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage, knee extensor strength is substantially reduced but typically recovers toward baseline within 48-72 hours in healthy adults. Previous studies have not determined whether hydration status influences recovery following muscle damage, despite evidence that a 46.4% of university students are dehydrated, and 59% with inadequate water intake. Suggesting a high likelihood of suboptimal hydration at baseline. Although dehydration has been shown to negatively impact force production, its influence on post-exercise damage remains unclear. However, it is unclear whether dehydration alters the recovery of force production following muscle-damaging exercise. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of dehydration …

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Dehydration Delays Recovery Of Muscular Power And Balance Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Julia Macias-Mendez, Casey Appell, Trinity N. Domonkos, Karina Olvera, Sarah Walper, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger, Hui-Ying Luk Feb 2026

Dehydration Delays Recovery Of Muscular Power And Balance Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Julia Macias-Mendez, Casey Appell, Trinity N. Domonkos, Karina Olvera, Sarah Walper, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger, Hui-Ying Luk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dehydration can impair performance by reducing muscular power and balance. However, the effect of dehydration on muscular functional power and balance recovery following muscle damage remains unclear. Dehydration is common following strenuous exercise and may exacerbate muscle damage–related impairments in neuromuscular function, potentially delaying recovery of power and balance. PURPOSE: To examine whether dehydration influences skeletal muscle functional power and balance recovery following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in recreationally active men. METHODS: Seven recreationally active men (21±3yrs, 173.4±7.4cm, 170.5±25.9kg, lean mass 60.9±10.4kg, %fat 25.0±0.6%) completed two identical unilateral maximal eccentric knee extension exercise protocols (EKE; 10 sets × …

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Effect Of Dehydration Combined With Inflammatory Response On Muscle Fluid Dynamics In Non-Exercise Muscle, Trinity N. Domonkos, Casey Appell, Karina Olvera, Sarah Walper, Christian Hoebelheinrich, Seth Bernardino, Amar Vaela, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger, Hui-Ying Luk Feb 2026

Effect Of Dehydration Combined With Inflammatory Response On Muscle Fluid Dynamics In Non-Exercise Muscle, Trinity N. Domonkos, Casey Appell, Karina Olvera, Sarah Walper, Christian Hoebelheinrich, Seth Bernardino, Amar Vaela, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger, Hui-Ying Luk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Water comprises approximately 40% of muscle mass, and intracellular fluid shifts occur in response to osmotic gradients between intracellular and extracellular (e.g., blood) compartments. Fluid also enters injured muscle during inflammation, resulting a temporary increase in muscle cross sectional area (mCSA). Dehydration elevates blood osmolality, and fluid enters damaged tissue. However, it remains unclear if dehydration-induced osmotic stress and swelling from muscle damage can influence fluid dynamics (fluid retention) in non-damaged muscle. PURPOSE: To determine whether hydration status and damage-related swelling alter fluid retention in the contralateral non-damaged leg. METHODS: Six recreationally active men (age: 20±3 yrs, height: 173.6±8.1 cm, …

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Late Life Aerobic Exercise Mitigates Age-Related Declines In Physical Function In Male And Female Rats, Dillon R. Harris, Quinten W. Pigg, Daniela S. Inoue, Andreea Trache, Mariana Janini Gomes Feb 2026

Late Life Aerobic Exercise Mitigates Age-Related Declines In Physical Function In Male And Female Rats, Dillon R. Harris, Quinten W. Pigg, Daniela S. Inoue, Andreea Trache, Mariana Janini Gomes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While lifelong aerobic exercise (AE) is touted to counteract various age-related health detriments, the efficacy of AE initiated late in life remains unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate whether late life AE can reverse age-related physical and muscle decline in rats. METHODS: 52 male (M; n=22) and female (F; n=24) Fischer 344 rats (3- and 21-months) were randomly assigned in sedentary (SED) or exercise (EX) groups, composing 4 experimental groups per sex: Young SED (n=11; 6M, 5F) Young EX (n=12; 6M, 6F), Old SED (n=12; 5M, 7F) and Old EX (n=12; 6M, 6F). Prior to and after training, all animals underwent a …

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Timing-Dependent Trunk Kinematics Are Associated With Reduced Shoulder And Elbow Joint Demands During Baseball Pitching, Kannaa R. Chockalingam, Benjamin P. Doyle, J Bryan Mann Feb 2026

Timing-Dependent Trunk Kinematics Are Associated With Reduced Shoulder And Elbow Joint Demands During Baseball Pitching, Kannaa R. Chockalingam, Benjamin P. Doyle, J Bryan Mann

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Baseball pitching places substantial mechanical demand on the shoulder and elbow, contributing to a high incidence of upper-extremity injury across competitive levels.  Trunk kinematics are known to influence joint moments on distal structures, however it remains unclear how kinematics at different pitch phases influences these moments. PURPOSE: To examine how trunk and pelvis kinematics at different stages of pitching influence peak elbow varus and shoulder internal rotation (IR) moments while controlling for pitch speed and anthropometrics. METHODS: Open access markered motion capture (45 markers, 360 Hz) and ground reaction force (1080 Hz) data were collected from  collegiate baseball pitchers (n=100 …

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Lasting Effects Of Doxorubicin On Skeletal Muscle Function During Recovery In Rats, Riya Meka, Quinten W. Pigg, Dillon R. Harris, Daniela Inoue Yoshimura, Mariana Janini Gomes Feb 2026

Lasting Effects Of Doxorubicin On Skeletal Muscle Function During Recovery In Rats, Riya Meka, Quinten W. Pigg, Dillon R. Harris, Daniela Inoue Yoshimura, Mariana Janini Gomes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy agent widely used to treat many types of cancer; however, DOX use is limited due to its adverse effects. Skeletal muscle wasting and weakness are among the significant adverse effects that can decrease quality of life in cancer patients. DOX’s lasting and late effects on skeletal muscle, after the cessation of treatment, have yet to be elucidated. PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the effects of DOX on skeletal muscle function in rats following a 6-week recovery period after DOX treatment. METHODS: 21 male Wistar rats (10 weeks old) were assigned into two …

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Arterial Baroreflex-Skeletal Muscle Metaboreflex Interaction During Graded Metaboreflex Activation In Hypertensive Adults, Isabella Arana Rios, Giorgio Manferdelli, Denis J. Wakeham, Scott L. Davis, Paul J. Fadel, Sarah L. Hissen, Christopher M. Hearon Jr. Feb 2026

Arterial Baroreflex-Skeletal Muscle Metaboreflex Interaction During Graded Metaboreflex Activation In Hypertensive Adults, Isabella Arana Rios, Giorgio Manferdelli, Denis J. Wakeham, Scott L. Davis, Paul J. Fadel, Sarah L. Hissen, Christopher M. Hearon Jr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The skeletal muscle metaboreflex is a blood pressure-raising reflex originating from skeletal muscle that contributes to resetting the operating point of the arterial baroreflex during exercise. In healthy adults, sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) increases during metaboreflex activation, whereas cardio-vagal BRS is unchanged. Adults with hypertension (HTN) have exaggerated pressor responses to metaboreflex activation; however, to our knowledge, no studies have examined sympathetic or cardio-vagal BRS during metaboreflex activation in adults with HTN. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that sympathetic and cardio-vagal BRS would be reduced during graded muscle metaboreflex activation in adults with HTN. METHODS: Thirty-five adults with HTN (18 …

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Delay In Increased Muscle Cross Sectional Area After Muscle Damage While Dehydrated, Sarah Walper, Casey Appell, Trinity Domonkos, Karina Olvera, Seth Bernardino, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger, Hui-Ying Luk Feb 2026

Delay In Increased Muscle Cross Sectional Area After Muscle Damage While Dehydrated, Sarah Walper, Casey Appell, Trinity Domonkos, Karina Olvera, Seth Bernardino, Jalyn Dunlap, Larry Munger, Hui-Ying Luk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

When muscles are damaged, the tears in the muscle fibers triggers an immune response and muscles experience inflammation. Inflammation increases WBC in the muscles to repair the micro tears. Muscle inflammation can be assessed by measuring the cross-sectional area (CSA) via ultrasound images. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of hydration status during recovery on muscle swelling after muscle damaging exercise. METHODS: Six recreationally active men (19 ± 1yr, 169.8 ± 8.3cm, 79.5 ± 11.7kg, Lean mass 58.6 ± 13.0kg, %body fat 28.3 ± 6.5%) completed two bouts of an identical muscle damaging exercise (DAM-EX) under a hydrated state and underwent …

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The Posterior Athletic Shoulder Test: A Valid, Reliable Tool For Evaluating Posterior Shoulder Performance, Joshua A. Brunson, Benjamin P. Doyle, Mattie Higgins, John D. Tebbetts, Austin J. Burmeier, Faith N. Gage, Edward J. Williams, Jennifer M. Yentes, Steven E. Riechman, J Bryan Mann Feb 2026

The Posterior Athletic Shoulder Test: A Valid, Reliable Tool For Evaluating Posterior Shoulder Performance, Joshua A. Brunson, Benjamin P. Doyle, Mattie Higgins, John D. Tebbetts, Austin J. Burmeier, Faith N. Gage, Edward J. Williams, Jennifer M. Yentes, Steven E. Riechman, J Bryan Mann

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test is a valid and reliable isometric assessment of long-lever anterior shoulder strength across multiple arm positions. Overhead activities such as throwing and swimming place significant demands on the shoulder’s posterior stabilizers (rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers), identifying a need for a Posterior ASH (PASH) test to assess strength and fatigue of these muscles. PURPOSE: To determine the validity and reliability of the PASH test for evaluating posterior shoulder strength. METHODS: The PASH test was performed with identical abduction positions to the ASH test – T (90°), Y (135°), and I (~180°) – in a standing …

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Influence Of Standing Versus Prone Posture On Strength And Stabilizing Activation During The Athletic Shoulder Test, Benjamin P. Doyle, Mattie Higgins, Austin J. Burmeier, John D. Tebbetts, Faith N. Gage, Jennifer M. Yentes, Steven E. Riechman, J Bryan Mann Feb 2026

Influence Of Standing Versus Prone Posture On Strength And Stabilizing Activation During The Athletic Shoulder Test, Benjamin P. Doyle, Mattie Higgins, Austin J. Burmeier, John D. Tebbetts, Faith N. Gage, Jennifer M. Yentes, Steven E. Riechman, J Bryan Mann

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test is a well-established tool for assessing long-lever anterior shoulder strength in athletic populations to monitor strength imbalances, fatigue, and screen for injuries. A Standing ASH (STASH) test may be more ecologically valid for assessing full kinetic chain function under postural and joint stabilization demands not captured in the prone position. PURPOSE: To evaluate inter-test agreement and neuromuscular activation differences between the ASH and STASH tests to understand how different stabilization demands impact test performance. METHODS: Forty-two active adults (19M, 23F; 22 ± 2.5 years) performed two maximal repetitions of each abduction position (T=90°, Y=135°, I=~180°) …

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The Difference In Muscle Quality And Torque Production Between Sprinters And Jumpers In Ncaa Division I Track Athletes, Ciriany Arrazola, Alexandra Brojanac, Ryan Dunn, Marcos Keefe, Mario I. Hernandez, Ty Palmer, Yasuki Sekiguchi Feb 2026

The Difference In Muscle Quality And Torque Production Between Sprinters And Jumpers In Ncaa Division I Track Athletes, Ciriany Arrazola, Alexandra Brojanac, Ryan Dunn, Marcos Keefe, Mario I. Hernandez, Ty Palmer, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Jumping and sprinting events place mechanical demand on the neuromuscular system, which may result in event-specific differences in muscle quality and strength. Purpose: This study investigated differences in muscle quality, measured by echo intensity (EI), and strength, measured by peak torque (PT), between NCAA Division I jumpers and sprinters. Methods: Twenty-three NCAA Division I jumpers and short sprinters (15 females, 8 males; mean±SD, age: 20±1.5 years, body mass 64.3±10.4 kg, height 172.9±9.0 cm) completed the assessment of EI for the rectus femoris (RF) and hamstrings using ultrasound and isometric maximal voluntary contraction to measure PT for knee extensor and flexor. …

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Evaluating Self-Reported Dietary Habits And Barriers Among Rotc Cadets Across Training Type And Frequency, Olivia J. Haskell, Sarah E. Johnson, Sheyla Leon, Michael Conner, Lisa C. Colvin, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Evaluating Self-Reported Dietary Habits And Barriers Among Rotc Cadets Across Training Type And Frequency, Olivia J. Haskell, Sarah E. Johnson, Sheyla Leon, Michael Conner, Lisa C. Colvin, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets are emerging tactical athletes balancing academics and physical training. While physical readiness is emphasized, little is known about how cadets’ food-choice values and dietary habits vary across training modes and frequency. Understanding these patterns is vital, as diet influences body composition, performance, recovery, and long-term health in early military career development. PURPOSE: To investigate the dietary habits and food-choice values of ROTC cadets based on their weekly resistance, aerobic, and concurrent training frequency. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 184 ROTC and Corps of Cadets regarding the following validated questionnaires: Food Choice …

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