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Time Travelling With Ron Chenail, Sally St. George, Dan Wulff, And David Denborough: An Interview About Connecting Histories Of Family Therapy, Narrative Therapy And Qualitative Research, David Denborough Dec 2024

Time Travelling With Ron Chenail, Sally St. George, Dan Wulff, And David Denborough: An Interview About Connecting Histories Of Family Therapy, Narrative Therapy And Qualitative Research, David Denborough

The Qualitative Report

Dear Readers, we have a question for you: Do you know about the origins and history of the journals you decide to submit your manuscripts to for publication? We are most pleased to present to you an interview with the three Co-Editors-in-Chief of TQR (Ron Chenail, Sally St. George, and Dan Wulff) and David Denborough of the Dulwich Centre delving into the origins of TQR in the early 1990s. The roots of TQR were intertwined with family therapy authors and practitioners (Tom Andersen, Michael White, and many others) and that continues today. We think that you will find these historical …


Submit Yourself: Religious Beliefs, Gender Roles, Self-Control, And Alcohol Use’S Influence On Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence, Carina J. Pawlak Dec 2024

Submit Yourself: Religious Beliefs, Gender Roles, Self-Control, And Alcohol Use’S Influence On Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence, Carina J. Pawlak

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

Religious beliefs bear a great significance in many individuals’ lives, as they shape our personal belief systems and affect our relationships with others. Limited research has explored the relationship between religion and intimate partner violence (IPV), an increasingly prevalent issue that persists in our society. The traditional values, such as male gender roles associated with patriarchal societies and traditional religious beliefs, may magnify the prevalence of IPV perpetration. Other variables that may be associated with positive attitudes toward IPV include self-control, alcohol intake, and belief in divine control. This analysis used preliminary data from the Crime, Health, and Intimate Partner …


Connecting Lighthouses To Spiritual Tourism: The Case Of The Hellenic Lighthouse Network, Polyxeni Moira, Paraskevi Kakaroucha Dec 2024

Connecting Lighthouses To Spiritual Tourism: The Case Of The Hellenic Lighthouse Network, Polyxeni Moira, Paraskevi Kakaroucha

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Lighthouses operate as carriers of cultural value and encapsulate universal connotations. They are harmoniously integrated in unspoilt landscapes, some of which are considered dystopian. Their delicate albeit resilient structure, settled within dynamic geophysical fields, elicits philosophical quests and metaphysical concerns. Lighthouses are connected to narratives of heroism, solitude, self-efficacy and lunacy, with altruistic keepers and divine or supernatural entities starring in plenty of them. Moreover, lighthouses have been associated with religious facilities and rituals for many centuries. Therefore, they attract people pursuing transformative experiences away from mass tourism locations and could unsurprisingly be included in alternative spiritual tourism itineraries.

Greek …


Passion Plays And Their Touristic Utilisation: Authenticity Or Commercialisation?, Dimitrios Mylonopoulos, Polyxeni Moira, Elli Terzoglou Dec 2024

Passion Plays And Their Touristic Utilisation: Authenticity Or Commercialisation?, Dimitrios Mylonopoulos, Polyxeni Moira, Elli Terzoglou

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Tourism development and the economic benefits that come from tourism have led to the increase and revival of religious celebrations and festivals in the form of events and performances, especially during the Holy Week. Many events such as Passion Plays of Jesus, due to their enduring existence in time, ‘authenticity’, particularities, originality and the emotions they evoke, capture the attention of both religious people and tourists. These Passion Plays are specific religious-cultural events that consist of depictions of scenes from Jesus Christ’s passion, following the biblical narrations (e.g. the Teaching, the Passion, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection). According to UNESCO (2014), …


Tourism Gentrification: The Case Of Mevlana Museum And Its Surroundings, Nuray Turker, Sibel Ayyildiz, Ayse Nur Uslu Dec 2024

Tourism Gentrification: The Case Of Mevlana Museum And Its Surroundings, Nuray Turker, Sibel Ayyildiz, Ayse Nur Uslu

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Today, residents experience tourism-driven gentrification in many tourist destinations. Gentrification due to tourism has both beneficial economic and physical effects, but it also has a negative impact on a number of sociocultural, physical, and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to explore the physical, economic, and socio-cultural effects of tourism activities in and around Mevlana Museum in Konya, Turkey, which is home to the tomb of the religious figure Mevlana, a symbol of tolerance and peace, from the perspective of tourism gentrification. To this end, a qualitative study was carried out in January 2023 with 15 Konya-based respondents, …


2024-12-02 Letter From The Dean Of The College Of Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences, Morehead State University. Faculty Senate., Sylvia Henneberg Dec 2024

2024-12-02 Letter From The Dean Of The College Of Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences, Morehead State University. Faculty Senate., Sylvia Henneberg

Faculty Senate Records

A memo sent by Sylvia Henneberg, Dean of the College of Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences, to faculty members of the college on December 2, 2024, titled "Changes/Transition in Caudill."


Allostatic Load, Educational Attainment, And Risk Of Cancer Mortality Among Us Men, Cynthia Li, Sydney P Howard, Charles R Rogers, Sydney Andrzejak, Keon L Gilbert, Keith J Watts, Malcolm S Bevel, Myles D Moody, Marvin E Langston, Judah V Doty, Adetunji T Toriola, Darwin Conwell, Justin X Moore Dec 2024

Allostatic Load, Educational Attainment, And Risk Of Cancer Mortality Among Us Men, Cynthia Li, Sydney P Howard, Charles R Rogers, Sydney Andrzejak, Keon L Gilbert, Keith J Watts, Malcolm S Bevel, Myles D Moody, Marvin E Langston, Judah V Doty, Adetunji T Toriola, Darwin Conwell, Justin X Moore

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Health disparities among racial and ethnic minoritized populations, particularly for cancer mortality rates, remain a major public health concern. Men from underrepresented backgrounds (Black and Hispanic men, specifically) face the pervasive effects of discrimination in their daily lives, which also contribute to the complex associations among allostatic load (a marker of chronic stress), educational opportunities, and elevated risks of cancer mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the associations among educational attainment, allostatic load, and cancer mortality risk among men.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally …


Restorative Pedagogy To Build Community In The Classroom: Autoethnographic Reflections From Faculty, Sheila M. Mcmahon, Zahra Ahmed, Michelle Bemiller Dec 2024

Restorative Pedagogy To Build Community In The Classroom: Autoethnographic Reflections From Faculty, Sheila M. Mcmahon, Zahra Ahmed, Michelle Bemiller

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

Restorative justice (RJ) is a philosophy and set of practices that center harms and needs. Within a classroom setting, an RJ pedagogical approach invites a process of shared learning that attends to critical issues of equity, power, and voice. Utilizing an autoethnographic approach, this manuscript includes critical reflections from three faculty members from diverse disciplines and positionalities about the use of RJ approaches to teaching in our respective classrooms. This paper includes discussion about the intersection of RJ with critical pedagogy, power differentials, and pragmatic issues of classroom structure learning design.


Transformative Interventions In Cell Biology: The Development And Use Of Instructor/Student-Interactive Demonstrations Of Key Cell Biology Concepts, Prashanth Rao, Ashok Upadhyaya, Meera Nanjundan Dec 2024

Transformative Interventions In Cell Biology: The Development And Use Of Instructor/Student-Interactive Demonstrations Of Key Cell Biology Concepts, Prashanth Rao, Ashok Upadhyaya, Meera Nanjundan

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

In Cell Biology, a sophomore/junior undergraduate-level high-enrollment core course, students are expected to develop a broad and detailed understanding of the functioning of eukaryotic cells. For example, some of the more challenging biological concepts include machinery involved in the replication and translational processes, protein trafficking/orientation in membranes, as well as both G protein-coupled receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathways. In this instructional article, we describe prior published reports of the use of interactive demonstrations of several of these key biological concepts in the classroom. Furthermore, we narrate our efforts to integrate several of these disparate evidence-based techniques (EBTs) …


Flipped Teaching Eased The Transition To Online Learning Of College Students In Stem Courses During Covid-19, Sinan Onal, Carolyn Butts-Wilmsmeyer, Charles Serrano, Paige Dickey, Georgia Bracey, Sharon Locke, Julie Fickas, Chaya Gopalan Dec 2024

Flipped Teaching Eased The Transition To Online Learning Of College Students In Stem Courses During Covid-19, Sinan Onal, Carolyn Butts-Wilmsmeyer, Charles Serrano, Paige Dickey, Georgia Bracey, Sharon Locke, Julie Fickas, Chaya Gopalan

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

Following COVID-19, teaching was abruptly shifted from a live to a virtual format, posing a challenge to both students and faculty. There is a need to employ alternatives, emphasizing targeting the factors that suit Generation Z students for effective learning while maintaining social distancing. Understanding students' perceptions about the educational environment plays a vital role in planning and implementing teaching strategies for the future. Flipped teaching (FT) has been a successful instructional method because it embeds active learning strategies and some remote learning for which students are responsible. This study examined the perceptions of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) …


The Effects Of Math Anxiety On The Performance Of Undergraduate Business Majors: Using Self-Efficacy As A Mediator, Audrey Meador Dec 2024

The Effects Of Math Anxiety On The Performance Of Undergraduate Business Majors: Using Self-Efficacy As A Mediator, Audrey Meador

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

This research contributes to the body of knowledge regarding mathematics anxiety, self-efficacy, and performance in mathematics. Specifically, this study analyzed these constructs as they pertain to undergraduate business students enrolled in entry-level, prerequisite mathematics courses. Information was collected via surveys utilizing the Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ). Results based on regression modeling were consistent with prior research involving the relationship between mathematics anxiety and performance, with self-efficacy serving as a mediator. Data indicated an inverse relationship between math anxiety and math self-efficacy, an inverse relationship between math anxiety and students’ expected grade, differences in math self efficacy by business …


“It’S Like Listening To An Audiobook”: University Of Botswana Students’ Lived Experiences And Views About Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Boitumelo Ramoroka, Keokgale Basetsana Tlhobogang, Brigid Goitse Conteh, Beauty Boikanyo Ntereke Dec 2024

“It’S Like Listening To An Audiobook”: University Of Botswana Students’ Lived Experiences And Views About Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Boitumelo Ramoroka, Keokgale Basetsana Tlhobogang, Brigid Goitse Conteh, Beauty Boikanyo Ntereke

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

The abrupt shift to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic put a strain on the education sector the world over. Using the social constructivist theory, this study postulates that faceto- face teaching and learning does not seamlessly translate to online instruction both in terms of pedagogical practice and learner experiences. This study explores students’ experiences with the quality of online learning during the pandemic. Data were collected through focus group discussions with undergraduate students across seven faculties. A thematic analysis of the responses reveals that participants mostly reported negative experiences with online learning arising from factors such as …


Using Legitimation Code Theory (Lct) To Define And Track The Practice Of The Scholarship Of Teaching And Learning, Mark Brooke, Daron Loo, Chloe Wong Dec 2024

Using Legitimation Code Theory (Lct) To Define And Track The Practice Of The Scholarship Of Teaching And Learning, Mark Brooke, Daron Loo, Chloe Wong

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

In this article, we demonstrate how Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) can be enacted to explore the nature of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) in higher education. Specialization and semantics from LCT are applied to define SoTL practice and map cumulative knowledge building processes. As members of the Faculty Development Committee (FDC), we enact LCT tools to conceptualize our professional development. We provide SoTL narratives as well as vignettes depicting how LCT led to positive transformative learning. The article concludes that LCT tools, with their explanatory power, can be utilized to form highly effective components of a faculty development program.


Epistemological And Ontological Beliefs Of Educational Psychology Doctoral Students, Lia Daniels, Lauren Alston Dec 2024

Epistemological And Ontological Beliefs Of Educational Psychology Doctoral Students, Lia Daniels, Lauren Alston

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

As a discipline, educational psychology is somewhat idiosyncratic in terms of content and methodologies. Such idiosyncrasies are likely rooted in the philosophical history of the discipline which involves both the empirical tradition of Thorndike and the contextualized pragmatics of James and Dewey. Despite this, there is little teaching about epistemological and ontological beliefs in most educational psychology doctoral programs. The purpose of this research was to (a) describe educational psychology doctoral students’ epistemological and ontological beliefs and (b) determine the effectiveness of a four-part activity in supporting students’ learning about epistemology and ontology. This study represents scholarship of teaching and …


Aligning Artificial Intelligence With Climate Change Adaptation In Egypt, Lara Mohamed Abdelrazik Ms. Dec 2024

Aligning Artificial Intelligence With Climate Change Adaptation In Egypt, Lara Mohamed Abdelrazik Ms.

Future Journal of Social Science

Abstract:

One of the frequently witnessed barriers to accelerating action on climate change is related to the construction of data bases, variables, and models as well as data extraction. According to the Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment, several subfields of Artificial Intelligence identify patterns to support the completion of specific tasks towards combating climate change such as; gathering, completing, and interpreting large, and complete datasets by making it possible to enhance data-driven decision-making for climate action. However, the negative side of AI was also recognized.

Learning algorithms to understand how AI’s climate impact goes beyond its …


The Impact Of Student Engagement Activities On Future Climate Change Adaptation: The Case Of Student Simulation Models, Bassel Mostafa Elkalaf Dec 2024

The Impact Of Student Engagement Activities On Future Climate Change Adaptation: The Case Of Student Simulation Models, Bassel Mostafa Elkalaf

Future Journal of Social Science

This paper explores the critical role of student engagement in addressing the growing challenges of climate change, with a focus on the Model United Nations (MUN) as a case study. As climate-related security threats increase globally, educational platforms that prepare youth for effective leadership in climate politics are more essential than ever. MUN, a widely practiced student activity simulating global policy-making, provides a valuable opportunity for students to deepen their understanding of the interconnectedness between climate change, peace, and security. By participating in MUN simulations, students engage in debates, develop innovative solutions, and practice diplomatic skills, all while exploring the …


Anchoring Athlete Safety: A Case Study Of The Minor Athlete Abuse Prevention Policies Of Usa Gymnastics, Daniel Ray Raney Dec 2024

Anchoring Athlete Safety: A Case Study Of The Minor Athlete Abuse Prevention Policies Of Usa Gymnastics, Daniel Ray Raney

Experience Industry Management

In response to the unprecedented scrutiny following the Larry Nassar case, USA Gymnastics initiated comprehensive policy reforms aimed at strengthening the safeguarding framework for its minor athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the organization's current minor athlete abuse prevention policies and evaluate their effectiveness. A case study was conducted on USA Gymnastics through a tool created by the researcher with data collected from USA Gymnastics Safe Sport Policy, the US Center for Safe Sport, and USA Gymnastics governing structure. While USA Gymnastics has created a formidable policy to protect its minor athletes, significant gaps still remain. The …


Texas Institute For The Preservation Of History And Culture Newsletter - December 2024, Texas Institute For The Preservation Of History And Culture Dec 2024

Texas Institute For The Preservation Of History And Culture Newsletter - December 2024, Texas Institute For The Preservation Of History And Culture

Newsletter Collections

No abstract provided.


Research Report: Housing, Heather Akin, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, Katelyn Larson, Bradley Lubben, L. J. Mcelravy, Timothy Meyer, Rebecca J. Vogt Dec 2024

Research Report: Housing, Heather Akin, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, Katelyn Larson, Bradley Lubben, L. J. Mcelravy, Timothy Meyer, Rebecca J. Vogt

Nebraska Rural Poll

Executive summary

Most rural Nebraskans support a variety of housing programs and priorities. The support for these various programs was similar to that found in 2016. At least three-quarters of rural Nebraskans would somewhat support or strongly support the following in their community: developing programs to help seniors age in their current home; offering low-interest loans or grants for repair, rehabilitation or home improvement; providing affordable rental housing; establishing a local program that would purchase and remove dilapidated houses making lots available for building; developing senior housing; purchasing, rehabilitating and reselling vacant housing; and establishing a local program that would …


Italians, Finns, Methodists, And The Klan: A Look Into The Complex Identities And Relationships That Were Prominent In The Upper Peninsula During The 1920s, Piper R. Kraft Dec 2024

Italians, Finns, Methodists, And The Klan: A Look Into The Complex Identities And Relationships That Were Prominent In The Upper Peninsula During The 1920s, Piper R. Kraft

HS 390 Primary Research Papers

This essay focuses on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the 1920s and the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. Using interviews from the Italian Oral History Collection, this essay explores the relationship between Italians, Finns, and the KKK. Rather than focusing on labor relations, this essay explores how these groups saw exogamy, the value placed on maintaining one’s religious connection and perceived racial identity. This research touches on the intersectionality of racialized ethnicity, religion, and class, concluding that the predominantly Methodist KKK would be more open to relationships, both personal and professional, with Finnish immigrants, even though they do …


Uncovering The Causal Configurations Of Successful Nonviolent Regime Change Movements: A Systems Thinking And Fuzzy Set Analysis, William Scott Hinson Dec 2024

Uncovering The Causal Configurations Of Successful Nonviolent Regime Change Movements: A Systems Thinking And Fuzzy Set Analysis, William Scott Hinson

Dissertations

Under what conditions do nonviolent regime change movements succeed? While the literature on nonviolent resistance has shown several variables to be highly correlative in affecting regime change, little research to date has shown which configuration of conditions leads to regime change in differing polities and repressive environments. In this dissertation, Systems Thinking (ST) and fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) are employed to analyze 25 randomly selected cases of nonviolent regime change movements drawn from the NAVCO 2.1 dataset. The principle of equifinality in ST and fsQCA directs the research to explore multiple sets of conditions that can lead to …


Examining The Impact Of Workplace Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Programs On Marginalized Groups: A Focus On Lgbtqia Employees, Lisa Garcia Rodriguez Dec 2024

Examining The Impact Of Workplace Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Programs On Marginalized Groups: A Focus On Lgbtqia Employees, Lisa Garcia Rodriguez

Theses & Dissertations

Research Focus. The research aims to understand the experience of LGBTQIA individuals in the workplace and identify strategies for promoting their inclusion. The study will draw on prior research and best practices for promoting the inclusion of individuals in the workplace to contribute to the development of more inclusive work environments that benefit both employees and organizations. Examining the impact of workplace diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) on marginalized groups, the question to be answered is: What are the impacts of diversity, equity, and inclusion DEI initiatives in the workplace, and how can organizations create more equitable and inclusive environments? …


Grosafe: In-Classroom Technology-Enabled Solution To Build Societal Resilience Against Child Grooming, Christina Thorpe, Fiona Jennings Dec 2024

Grosafe: In-Classroom Technology-Enabled Solution To Build Societal Resilience Against Child Grooming, Christina Thorpe, Fiona Jennings

Conference Papers

GroSafe is an innovative initiative developed by TU Dublin in partnership with the ISPCC to address the critical issue of child grooming. By leveraging cutting-edge digital technologies, GroSafe focuses on educating children, caregivers, and educators to recognise, report, and prevent grooming behaviours. It integrates a 3D educational gaming environment with adaptive learning tools, enabling safe and effective engagement for children, including those with diverse learning needs. Designed to align with Ireland’s SPHE curriculum, GroSafe empowers schools and communities to tackle grooming through early intervention and resilience building.


Assistive Technologies For Internet Navigation: A Review Of Screen Reader Solutions For The Blind And Visually Impaired, Juan Nino, Sherezada Ochoa, Jocelyne Kiss, Geoffreyjen Edwards, Ernesto Morales, James Hutson, Frédérique Poncet, Walter Wittich Dec 2024

Assistive Technologies For Internet Navigation: A Review Of Screen Reader Solutions For The Blind And Visually Impaired, Juan Nino, Sherezada Ochoa, Jocelyne Kiss, Geoffreyjen Edwards, Ernesto Morales, James Hutson, Frédérique Poncet, Walter Wittich

Faculty Scholarship

The internet is a critical resource for individuals with visual impairments (VI), including those with low vision or blindness, enabling access to information and fostering independent participation in society. However, despite advancements in screen reader software, challenges persist in navigating complex and dynamic web content. This narrative review evaluates Assistive Technologies (AT), which enhance internet navigation for VI screen reader users, focusing on design strategies and usability outcomes. A systematic search across the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, JSTOR, and ScienceDirect identified 698 studies, of which 33 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 502 participants. Key themes were extracted from bibliographic …


Diabetes Burnout Among African American And Hispanic Women, Jackelyn Santos, Kalea Robinson, Estefania Vargas Dec 2024

Diabetes Burnout Among African American And Hispanic Women, Jackelyn Santos, Kalea Robinson, Estefania Vargas

MSW Capstone Conference

No abstract provided.


Exploring The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (Aces) And Social Determinants Of Health (Sd0h), Amiyah Thomas, Drew Buggs Dec 2024

Exploring The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (Aces) And Social Determinants Of Health (Sd0h), Amiyah Thomas, Drew Buggs

MSW Capstone Conference

No abstract provided.


Preventative Care For Young Adults And The Role Of Sw Related To Birth Control And Pregnancy, Hannah Kauffman, Amy Wolf, Maria Lourdes Milare Dec 2024

Preventative Care For Young Adults And The Role Of Sw Related To Birth Control And Pregnancy, Hannah Kauffman, Amy Wolf, Maria Lourdes Milare

MSW Capstone Conference

No abstract provided.


Religious And Cultural Impacts On College Students Struggling With Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study, Gloria Luna, Katie Draper Dec 2024

Religious And Cultural Impacts On College Students Struggling With Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study, Gloria Luna, Katie Draper

MSW Capstone Conference

This study examines how religious and cultural factors influence the ways in which college students manage anxiety and distress, highlighting how religious beliefs can both comfort and, in some cases, contribute to distress. Through qualitative interviews, we found that students with a strong connection to their faith generally experienced lower levels of anxiety, often finding relief through prayer and other spiritual practices. In contrast, students who struggled to practice their beliefs reported higher anxiety, emphasizing the complex relationship between spirituality and mental health. We also explored the role of culture, noting that cultural backgrounds often intersect with religious practices, shaping …


Newsletter, Wku Staff Senate Dec 2024

Newsletter, Wku Staff Senate

Staff Council

Newsletter created by WKU Staff Council to report on work accomplished.


Conference Proceedings: Fourth Annual International Conference: Rethinking Economics In The Contemporary World, Shumaila Omar [Editor], Uzair Arif [Ed.], Tabeer E Zehra [Ed.], Sania Zehra [Ed.], Tooba Zaheer [Ed.] Dec 2024

Conference Proceedings: Fourth Annual International Conference: Rethinking Economics In The Contemporary World, Shumaila Omar [Editor], Uzair Arif [Ed.], Tabeer E Zehra [Ed.], Sania Zehra [Ed.], Tooba Zaheer [Ed.]

IBA Press

The 4th Annual International Conference on Rethinking Economics, organized by the Institute of Business Administration (IBA) Karachi, provided a dynamic platform for academics, practitioners, and policymakers to explore diverse themes shaping the global economic landscape. The conference highlighted critical issues such as digital transformation, urban infrastructure, environmental challenges, monetary and fiscal policy, and human development. This collection is an amalgamation of abstracts from the papers presented at the conference.